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Kim E, Kim JY, Kim W, Lee S, Park KH, Yoon JS. Complete genome sequence of an oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus isolated from Korean rhinoceros beetles (Trypoxylus dichotomus) in Korea. Virus Res 2023; 335:199167. [PMID: 37442527 PMCID: PMC10485680 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Nudivirus-infected Korean rhinoceros beetles (Trypoxylus dichotomus) were first identified in 2015, and while a complete genome sequence of the virus has long been uploaded to the NCBI database, it has not been examined in detail. Here, we describe the genomic characteristics of Trypoxylus dichotomus nudivirus (TdNV), which represents a new Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) strain, isolated from infected T. dichotomus in the Republic of Korea. We examined factors derived by the cross-species infection of OrNV from nucleotide levels to the whole genome level. Our genomic analysis study suggests that TdNV-Korea is highly conserved with other OrNVs in terms of genomic structures and genome size. Our investigation of the genomic structure revealed that TdNV-Korea has the least number of open reading frames (ORFs) of all available OrNV genomes; three hypothetical genes were notably absent only in TdNV-Korea. In addition, the genomic alteration of the nudivirus core genes discloses that various amino acid mutations caused by single-nucleotide polymorphism and short indels (insertion/deletion) were found in most of the nudivirus core genes of TdNV-Korea. Our findings provide a valuable resource for those seeking a greater understanding of cross-species nudivirus transmission and will certainly provide valuable insight for reconstruction and reinterpretation of future and previously identified OrNV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Kim
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontae Kim
- Research Policy Planning Division, RDA, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyun Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Ho Park
- Industrial Insect and Sericulture Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Sun Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Keown JR, Crawshaw AD, Trincao J, Carrique L, Gildea RJ, Horrell S, Warren AJ, Axford D, Owen R, Evans G, Bézier A, Metcalf P, Grimes JM. Atomic structure of a nudivirus occlusion body protein determined from a 70-year-old crystal sample. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4160. [PMID: 37443157 PMCID: PMC10345106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious protein crystals are an essential part of the viral lifecycle for double-stranded DNA Baculoviridae and double-stranded RNA cypoviruses. These viral protein crystals, termed occlusion bodies or polyhedra, are dense protein assemblies that form a crystalline array, encasing newly formed virions. Here, using X-ray crystallography we determine the structure of a polyhedrin from Nudiviridae. This double-stranded DNA virus family is a sister-group to the baculoviruses, whose members were thought to lack occlusion bodies. The 70-year-old sample contains a well-ordered lattice formed by a predominantly α-helical building block that assembles into a dense, highly interconnected protein crystal. The lattice is maintained by extensive hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, disulfide bonds, and domain switching. The resulting lattice is resistant to most environmental stresses. Comparison of this structure to baculovirus or cypovirus polyhedra shows a distinct protein structure, crystal space group, and unit cell dimensions, however, all polyhedra utilise common principles of occlusion body assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Keown
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Adam D Crawshaw
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jose Trincao
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Loïc Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Gildea
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Sam Horrell
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Anna J Warren
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Danny Axford
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Robin Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Gwyndaf Evans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Annie Bézier
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), UMR7261 CNRS-Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Peter Metcalf
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Filipović I. Genomic resources for population analyses of an invasive insect pest Oryctes rhinoceros. Sci Data 2023; 10:199. [PMID: 37041187 PMCID: PMC10090205 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, various types of NGS data have been accumulating for the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB, Oryctes rhinoceros), reflecting the growing interest in curtailing this invasive pest of palm trees. Whilst reference-free analyses of RNA-seq and RAD-seq datasets have been done for different CRB collections, recent availability of the CRB's genome assembly provides an opportunity to collate diverse data and create a reference-based population dataset. Here, I release such a dataset containing 6,725,935 SNPs and genotypes called across 393 individual samples from 16 populations, using the previously published raw sequences generated in 9 different experiments (RAD-Seq, RNA-Seq, WGS). I also provide reference-based datasets for the CRB's mitochondrial variants and for variants of its viral biocontrol agent Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus. SNP data provide high resolution for determining the geographic origin of invasive CRB. With these genomic resources, new data can be analysed without re-processing the published samples and then integrated to expand the reference datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Filipović
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia.
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Hao M, Aidoo OF, Qian Y, Wang D, Ding F, Ma T, Tettey E, Ninsin KD, Osabutey AF, Borgemeister C. Global potential distribution of Oryctes rhinoceros, as predicted by Boosted Regression Tree model. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Filipović I, Rašić G, Hereward J, Gharuka M, Devine GJ, Furlong MJ, Etebari K. A high-quality de novo genome assembly based on nanopore sequencing of a wild-caught coconut rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:426. [PMID: 35672676 PMCID: PMC9172067 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An optimal starting point for relating genome function to organismal biology is a high-quality nuclear genome assembly, and long-read sequencing is revolutionizing the production of this genomic resource in insects. Despite this, nuclear genome assemblies have been under-represented for agricultural insect pests, particularly from the order Coleoptera. Here we present a de novo genome assembly and structural annotation for the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long-read data generated from a wild-caught female, as well as the assembly process that also led to the recovery of the complete circular genome assemblies of the beetle’s mitochondrial genome and that of the biocontrol agent, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV). As an invasive pest of palm trees, O. rhinoceros is undergoing an expansion in its range across the Pacific Islands, requiring new approaches to management that may include strategies facilitated by genome assembly and annotation. Results High-quality DNA isolated from an adult female was used to create four ONT libraries that were sequenced using four MinION flow cells, producing a total of 27.2 Gb of high-quality long-read sequences. We employed an iterative assembly process and polishing with one lane of high-accuracy Illumina reads, obtaining a final size of the assembly of 377.36 Mb that had high contiguity (fragment N50 length = 12 Mb) and accuracy, as evidenced by the exceptionally high completeness of the benchmarked set of conserved single-copy orthologous genes (BUSCO completeness = 99.1%). These quality metrics place our assembly ahead of the published Coleopteran genomes, including that of an insect model, the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). The structural annotation of the nuclear genome assembly contained a highly-accurate set of 16,371 protein-coding genes, with only 2.8% missing BUSCOs, and the expected number of non-coding RNAs. The number and structure of paralogous genes in a gene family like Sigma GST is lower than in another scarab beetle (Onthophagus taurus), but higher than in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), which suggests expansion of this GST class in Scarabaeidae. The quality of our gene models was also confirmed with the correct placement of O. rhinoceros among other members of the rhinoceros beetles (subfamily Dynastinae) in a phylogeny based on the sequences of 95 protein-coding genes in 373 beetle species from all major lineages of Coleoptera. Finally, we provide a list of 30 candidate dsRNA targets whose orthologs have been experimentally validated as highly effective targets for RNAi-based control of several beetles. Conclusions The genomic resources produced in this study form a foundation for further functional genetic research and management programs that may inform the control and surveillance of O. rhinoceros populations, and we demonstrate the efficacy of de novo genome assembly using long-read ONT data from a single field-caught insect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08628-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Filipović
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia. .,Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Gordana Rašić
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Hereward
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Maria Gharuka
- Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Kayvan Etebari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Etebari K, Gharuka M, Asgari S, Furlong MJ. Diverse Host Immune Responses of Different Geographical Populations of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle to Oryctes Rhinoceros Nudivirus (OrNV) Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0068621. [PMID: 34523987 PMCID: PMC8557903 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00686-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Incursions of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, into different islands in the South Pacific have been detected in recent years. It has been suggested that this range expansion is related to an O. rhinoceros haplotype reported to show reduced susceptibility to the well-established classical biocontrol agent, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV). Our understanding of the genetic characteristics which distinguish the population of O. rhinoceros that has recently established in Solomon Islands from other well-established populations across the region is very limited. Here, we hypothesized that the recently established O. rhinoceros population should have greater innate immune responses when challenged by OrNV than those of well-established and native O. rhinoceros populations. We used the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach to generate gene expression profiles of midgut tissue from OrNV-infected and noninfected individuals collected in the Solomon Islands (recent incursion), Papua New Guinea and Fiji (previously established), and the Philippines (within the native range). The collections included individuals from each of the three major mitochondrial lineages (CRB-G, CRB-PNG, and CRB-S) known to the region, allowing us to explore the specific responses of each haplotype to infection. Although insects from the Philippines and Solomon Islands that were tested belong to the same mitochondrial lineage (CRB-G), their overall responses to infection were different. The number of differentially expressed genes between OrNV-infected and noninfected wild-caught individuals from the four different locations varied from 148 to 252. Persistent OrNV infection caused a high level of induced antimicrobial activity and immune responses in O. rhinoceros, but the direction and magnitude of the responses were population specific. The insects tested from the Solomon Islands displayed extremely high expression of genes which are known to be involved in immune responses (e.g. coleoptericin, cecropin, and serpin). These variations in the host immune system among insects from different geographical regions might be driven by variations in the virulence of OrNV isolates, and this requires further investigation. Overall, our current findings support the importance of immunity in insect pest incursion and an expansion of the pest's geographic range. IMPORTANCE Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus which has been used as a biocontrol agent to suppress coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB) in the Pacific Islands. Recently a new wave of CRB incursions in Oceania is thought to be related to the presence of low-virulence isolates of OrNV or virus-tolerant haplotypes of beetles (CRB-G). Our comparative analysis of OrNV-infected and noninfected CRBs revealed that specific sets of genes were induced by viral infection in the beetles. This induction was much stronger in beetles collected from the Solomon Islands, a newly invaded country, than in individuals collected from within the beetle's native range (the Philippines) or from longer-established populations in its exotic range (Fiji and Papua New Guinea [PNG]). Beetles from the Philippines and the Solomon Islands that were tested in this study all belonged to the CRB-G haplotype, but the country-specific responses of the beetles to OrNV infection were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Etebari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Gharuka
- Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Sassan Asgari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J. Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tanaka S, Harrison RL, Arai H, Katayama Y, Mizutani T, Inoue MN, Miles J, Marshall SDG, Kitalong C, Nakai M. Confirmation of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus infections in G-haplotype coconut rhinoceros beetles (Oryctes rhinoceros) from Palauan PCR-positive populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18820. [PMID: 34545119 PMCID: PMC8452681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, is a pest of palm trees in the Pacific. Recently, a remarkable degree of palm damage reported in Guam, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands has been associated with a particular haplotype (clade I), known as "CRB-G". In the Palau Archipelago, both CRB-G and another haplotype (clade IV) belonging to the CRB-S cluster coexist in the field. In this study, more than 75% of pheromone trap-captured adults of both haplotypes were Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV)-positive by PCR. No significant difference in OrNV prevalence between the haplotypes was detected. In PCR-positive CRB-G tissue specimens from Palau, viral particles were observed by electron microscopy. Hemocoel injection of CRB larvae with crude virus homogenates from these tissues resulted in viral infection and mortality. OrNV isolated from Palauan-sourced CRB was designated as OrNV-Palau1. Both OrNV-Palau1 and OrNV-X2B, a CRB biological control isolate released in the Pacific, were propagated using the FRI-AnCu-35 cell line for production of inoculum. However, the OrNV-Palau1 isolate exhibited lower viral production levels and longer larval survival times compared to OrNV-X2B in O. rhinoceros larvae. Full genome sequences of the OrNV-Palau1 and -X2B isolates were determined and found to be closely related to each other. Altogether these results suggest CRB adults in Palau are infected with a less virulent virus, which may affect the nature and extent of OrNV-induced pathology in Palauan populations of CRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tanaka
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Joel Miles
- Palau National Invasive Species Coordinator, Retired, Koror, Palau
| | - Sean D G Marshall
- AgResearch Limited (Lincoln), Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch, Lincoln, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Kitalong
- Palau Community College-Cooperative Research Extension, Koror, Palau
- Pacific Academic Institute for Research, Koror, Palau
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Etebari K, Hereward J, Sailo A, Ahoafi EM, Tautua R, Tsatsia H, Jackson GV, Furlong MJ. Examination of population genetics of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle ( Oryctes rhinoceros) and the incidence of its biocontrol agent (Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus) in the South Pacific Islands. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 1:100015. [PMID: 36003604 PMCID: PMC9387449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, incursions of the Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, have been detected in south Pacific countries that were previously free of the pest. It has been suggested that this range expansion is related to an O. rhinoceros haplotype that is reported to show reduced susceptibility to the well-established classical biocontrol agent, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV). We investigated O. rhinoceros population genetics and the OrNV status of specimens collected in Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu and the Philippines. Based on the sequence of the mitochondrial CoxI gene, we found three major mitochondrial haplotype groups (CRB-G, CRB-PNG and CRB-S) across the region. Haplotype diversity varied between and within countries and a high incidence of OrNV infection was detected in all haplotypes wherever they occurred. The O. rhinoceros population in some countries was monotypic and all individuals tested belonged to a single haplotype group. However, in Samoa we detected CRB-S and CRB-PNG and in Solomon Islands we detected all three haplotype groups. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) showed genetic differentiation in the O. rhinoceros nuclear genome across populations on different islands and provided evidence for gene flow, resulting in a well-mixed population, despite the presence of different CoxI haplotypes in Solomon Islands. Evidence of admixture was also detected on both islands of Samoa. The current CoxI based method is not a reliable diagnostic marker for phenotypic traits, especially in countries such as Solomon Islands where the mitochondrial haplotypes have come back into sympatry and are mixed. To identify possible mechanisms of resistance to OrNV, further molecular analyses O. rhinoceros in response to virus infection is required. To improve biological control of O. rhinoceros, such analyses will need to be combined with an improved understanding of the population genetics of the pest and the evolutionary history of OrNV in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Etebari
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Corresponding Author.
| | - James Hereward
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Apenisa Sailo
- Koronivia Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Emeline M. Ahoafi
- Vaini Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture Food and Forest, Nuku'alofa, Tonga
| | - Robert Tautua
- Crops Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Vaimoso, Apia, Samoa
| | - Helen Tsatsia
- Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Grahame V Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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