Identification of a Shared Cytochrome p4502E1 Epitope Found in Anesthetic Drug-Induced and Viral Hepatitis

The Functional Identification of the CYP2E1 Gene in the Kidney of Lepus yarkandensis

This study aims to identify the function of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) gene in the kidneys of Lepus yarkandensis. CYP2E1 is a significant metabolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds and is associated with the occurrence and progression of multiple diseases. Given L. yarkandensis's ability to survive in the extremely arid L. yarkandensis, we hypothesize that CYP2E1 in its kidneys plays a crucial role in adaptability. Through molecular cloning and sequence analysis, we discovered that the CYP2E1 gene of Lepus yarkandensis encodes a protein of 493 amino acids. The 493-amino acid protein encoded by the Lepus yarkandensis CYP2E1 gene shows 13 amino acid variation sites compared to the homologous protein in Oryctolagus cuniculus. The protein is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and lacks transmembrane structures. In the yeast expression system, the heterologous expression of the CYP2E1 gene enhanced the yeast's tolerance to drought, salinity, and high temperatures, achieved by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing levels of oxidative stress markers. Additionally, this study identified a "Yeast Oxidative Stress Lethal Threshold (Yeast OSLT)" under specific stress conditions. Once this threshold is exceeded, the cell's antioxidant defense system can no longer maintain cellular homeostasis, leading to massive cell death. Although CYP2E1 did not change this threshold, it contributed to cell survival to some extent. These findings not only reveal the function of L. yarkandensis CYP2E1 in stress adaptation but also provide valuable molecular insights into its survival strategy in extreme environments.

Sexual dimorphism in hepatic PPAR alpha and CYP4a12a expression is associated with reduced development of drug-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in female IL-33-/- mice

Males are at higher risk for developing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) than females; however, mechanisms mediating sexual dimorphism in MASH development are not completely understood. Nutrition-based mouse models suggest that dysregulated fatty acid biosynthesis promotes MASH. Drugs recapitulate MASH without diet variabilities. This brief report investigates associations of sexual dimorphism with male susceptibility to MASH utilizing a drug-induced MASH model and focuses on very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. We assessed male and female mouse livers at 5 and 15 weeks following MASH induction by immunizations and age-matched un-immunized controls utilizing Western blot. Our results suggest that PPAR alpha and CYP4a12a protect females, while CYP4v2 does not protect males from MASH development. Our results have important implications for understanding sexual dimorphism in the pathogenesis of MASH.

Increased serum anti-CYP2E1 IgG autoantibody levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of occupational trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome: a case-control study

Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) causes a systemic skin disorder with hepatitis known as TCE hypersensitivity syndrome (TCE-HS). Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B*13:01 is its susceptibility factor; however, the immunological pathogenesis of TCE-HS remains unknown. We herein examined the hypothesis that autoantibodies to CYP2E1 are primarily involved in TCE-HS. A case–control study of 80 TCE-HS patients, 186 TCE-tolerant controls (TCE-TC), and 71 TCE-nonexposed controls (TCE-nonEC) was conducted to measure their serum anti-CYP2E1 antibody (IgG) levels. The effects of TCE exposure indices, such as 8-h time-weighted-average (TWA) airborne concentrations, urinary metabolite concentrations, and TCE usage duration; sex; smoking and drinking habits; and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels on the antibody levels were also analyzed in the two control groups. There were significant differences in anti-CYP2E1 antibody levels among the three groups: TCE-TC > TCE-HS patients > TCE-nonEC. Antibody levels were not different between HLA-B*13:01 carriers and noncarriers in TCE-HS patients and TCE-TC. The serum CYP2E1 measurement suggested increased immunocomplex levels only in patients with TCE-HS. Multiple regression analysis for the two control groups showed that the antibody levels were significantly higher by the TCE exposure. Women had higher antibody levels than men; however, smoking, drinking, and ALT levels did not affect the anti-CYP2E1 antibody levels. Anti-CYP2E1 antibodies were elevated at concentrations lower than the TWA concentration of 2.5 ppm for TCE exposure. Since HLA-B*13:01 polymorphism was not involved in the autoantibody levels, the possible mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of TCE-HS is that TCE exposure induces anti-CYP2E1 autoantibody production, and HLA-B*13:01 is involved in the development of TCE-HS.

Fulminant Hepatic Failure in the Course of an Outpatient Anesthetic Procedure: Sevoflurane among Other High-Risk Factors

A 20-year-old man underwent an outpatient general anesthetic procedure with sevoflurane for the correction of a bilateral gynecomastia. The patient had been first exposed to sevoflurane two years before, without any complication. He presented an overweight with a body mass index (BMI) of 31.4 kg/m² and had an episode of “binge” drinking a few days before anesthesia. He became icteric from postoperative day 9, and after the worsening of liver function tests, the liver biopsy revealed centrilobular necrosis. The patient became encephalopathic and required urgent liver transplantation on postoperative day 30. The possibility of a sevoflurane-related fulminant hepatic failure is discussed.