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Essaidi-Laziosi M, Pérez-Rodríguez FJ, Alvarez C, Sattonnet-Roche P, Torriani G, Bekliz M, Adea K, Lenk M, Suliman T, Preiser W, Müller MA, Drosten C, Kaiser L, Eckerle I. Distinct phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in human primary cells but no increased host range in cell lines of putative mammalian reservoir species. Virus Res 2024; 339:199255. [PMID: 38389324 PMCID: PMC10652112 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2's genetic plasticity has led to several variants of concern (VOCs). Here we studied replicative capacity for seven SARS-CoV-2 isolates (B.1, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Zeta, and Omicron BA.1) in primary reconstituted airway epithelia (HAE) and lung-derived cell lines. Furthermore, to investigate the host range of Delta and Omicron compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, we assessed replication in 17 cell lines from 11 non-primate mammalian species, including bats, rodents, insectivores and carnivores. Only Omicron's phenotype differed in vitro, with rapid but short replication and efficient production of infectious virus in nasal HAEs, in contrast to other VOCs, but not in lung cell lines. No increased infection efficiency for other species was observed, but Delta and Omicron infection efficiency was increased in A549 cells. Notably replication in A549 and Calu3 cells was lower than in nasal HAE. Our results suggest better adaptation of VOCs towards humans, without an extended host range, and may be relevant to the search for the putative intermediate host and reservoirs prior to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Essaidi-Laziosi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Rodríguez
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catia Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Sattonnet-Roche
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Torriani
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Meriem Bekliz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth Adea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Lenk
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tasnim Suliman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Virology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology Charité, - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology Charité, - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva & Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals Geneva, and University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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