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Van TP, Phan QK, Quang HP, Pham GB, Thi NHN, Thi HTT, Do AD. Multi-Strain Probiotics Enhance the Bioactivity of Cascara Kombucha during Microbial Composition-Controlled Fermentation. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:502-513. [PMID: 38188087 PMCID: PMC10764222 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is a widely consumed fermented tea beverage with diverse health benefits. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the use of cascara as a substrate results in a special kombucha beverage with high bioactivity. Traditional kombucha fermentation using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) can lead to inconsistent product quality because of the lack of control over microbial composition. We successfully isolated and identified yeast and bacteria, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, and Lactobacillus brevis that are appropriate starter cultures for cascara kombucha fermentation. We also demonstrated that a supplementation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and a mixture of S. cerevisiae and K. rhaeticus resulted in higher total polyphenol and flavonoid content of cascara kombucha compared with the traditionally fermented product using SCOBY as the inoculum. The free radical scavenging activity, inhibitory effects on α-amylase, tyrosinase activity, and antibacterial properties of cascara kombucha were also enhanced as a result of LAB supplement. These findings provide valuable insights into the controlled microbiological composition required for the fermentation of cascara kombucha, thereby ensuring consistent quality and enhanced bioactivity of the product. Further, the use of cascara as a substrate for kombucha production not only offers various health benefits and biological effects, but also repurposes by-products from the coffee industry, which contributes to sustainable development and is eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Phan Van
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Quang Khai Phan
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Pham Quang
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Gia Bao Pham
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Han Ngo Thi
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hong Tham Truong Thi
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Duy Do
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Li J, Liu S, Yang C, Keyhani NO, Pu H, Lin L, Li X, Jia P, Wu D, Pan J, Stevenson PC, Fernández-Grandon GM, Zhang L, Chen Y, Guan X, Qiu J. Characterization of an α-Amylase from the Honeybee Chalk Brood Pathogen Ascosphaera apis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1082. [PMID: 37998887 PMCID: PMC10672707 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect pathogenic fungus, Ascosphaera apis, is the causative agent of honeybee chalk brood disease. Amylases are secreted by many plant pathogenic fungi to access host nutrients through the metabolism of starch, and the identification of new amylases can have important biotechnological applications. Production of amylase by A. apis in submerged culture was optimized using the response surface method (RSM). Media composition was modeled using Box-Behnken design (BBD) at three levels of three variables, and the model was experimentally validated to predict amylase activity (R2 = 0.9528). Amylase activity was highest (45.28 ± 1.16 U/mL, mean ± SE) in media composed of 46 g/L maltose and1.51 g/L CaCl2 at a pH of 6.6, where total activity was ~11-fold greater as compared to standard basal media. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a 2.5% yield and 14-fold purification. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 75 kDa and was thermostable and active in a broad pH range (> 80% activity at a pH range of 7-10), with optimal activity at 55 °C and pH = 7.5. Kinetic analyses revealed a Km of 6.22 mmol/L and a Vmax of 4.21 μmol/mL·min using soluble starch as the substrate. Activity was significantly stimulated by Fe2+ and completely inhibited by Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ba2+ (10 mM). Ethanol and chloroform (10% v/v) also caused significant levels of inhibition. The purified amylase essentially exhibited activity only on hydrolyzed soluble starch, producing mainly glucose and maltose, indicating that it is an endo-amylase (α-amylase). Amylase activity peaked at 99.38 U/mL fermented in a 3.7 L-bioreactor (2.15-fold greater than what was observed in flask cultures). These data provide a strategy for optimizing the production of enzymes from fungi and provide insight into the α-amylase of A. apis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chenjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Nemat O. Keyhani
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Huili Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Longbin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peisong Jia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832061, China;
| | - Jieming Pan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China;
| | - Philip C. Stevenson
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK; (P.C.S.); (G.M.F.-G.)
| | | | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiayu Guan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junzhi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (C.Y.); (H.P.); (L.L.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Jeilu O, Simachew A, Alexandersson E, Johansson E, Gessesse A. Discovery of novel carbohydrate degrading enzymes from soda lakes through functional metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1059061. [PMID: 36569080 PMCID: PMC9768486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles provide a one-of-a-kind source of enzymes with properties that allow them to endure the rigorous industrial conversion of lignocellulose biomass into fermentable sugars. However, the fact that most of these organisms fail to grow under typical culture conditions limits the accessibility to these enzymes. In this study, we employed a functional metagenomics approach to identify carbohydrate-degrading enzymes from Ethiopian soda lakes, which are extreme environments harboring a high microbial diversity. Out of 21,000 clones screened for the five carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, 408 clones were found positive. Cellulase and amylase, gave high hit ratio of 1:75 and 1:280, respectively. A total of 378 genes involved in the degradation of complex carbohydrates were identified by combining high-throughput sequencing of 22 selected clones and bioinformatics analysis using a customized workflow. Around 41% of the annotated genes belonged to the Glycoside Hydrolases (GH). Multiple GHs were identified, indicating the potential to discover novel CAZymes useful for the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose biomass from the Ethiopian soda Lakes. More than 73% of the annotated GH genes were linked to bacterial origins, with Halomonas as the most likely source. Biochemical characterization of the three enzymes from the selected clones (amylase, cellulase, and pectinase) showed that they are active in elevated temperatures, high pH, and high salt concentrations. These properties strongly indicate that the evaluated enzymes have the potential to be used for applications in various industrial processes, particularly in biorefinery for lignocellulose biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliyad Jeilu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden,*Correspondence: Oliyad Jeilu,
| | - Addis Simachew
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Erik Alexandersson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Amare Gessesse
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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