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Short SE, Zamorano M, Aranzaez-Ríos C, Lee-Estevez M, Díaz R, Quiñones J, Ulloa-Rodríguez P, Villalobos EF, Bravo LA, Graether SP, Farías JG. Novel Apoplastic Antifreeze Proteins of Deschampsia antarctica as Enhancer of Common Cell Freezing Media for Cryobanking of Genetic Resources, a Preliminary Study. Biomolecules 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38397411 PMCID: PMC10886522 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are natural biomolecules found in cold-adapted organisms that lower the freezing point of water, allowing survival in icy conditions. These proteins have the potential to improve cryopreservation techniques by enhancing the quality of genetic material postthaw. Deschampsia antarctica, a freezing-tolerant plant, possesses AFPs and is a promising candidate for cryopreservation applications. In this study, we investigated the cryoprotective properties of AFPs from D. antarctica extracts on Atlantic salmon spermatozoa. Apoplastic extracts were used to determine ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), thermal hysteresis (TH) activities and ice crystal morphology. Spermatozoa were cryopreserved using a standard cryoprotectant medium (C+) and three alternative media supplemented with apoplastic extracts. Flow cytometry was employed to measure plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) postthaw. Results showed that a low concentration of AFPs (0.05 mg/mL) provided significant IRI activity. Apoplastic extracts from D. antarctica demonstrated a cryoprotective effect on salmon spermatozoa, with PMI comparable to the standard medium. Moreover, samples treated with apoplastic extracts exhibited a higher percentage of cells with high MMP. These findings represent the first and preliminary report that suggests that AFPs derived from apoplastic extracts of D. antarctica have the potential to serve as cryoprotectants and could allow the development of novel freezing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania E. Short
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Cristian Aranzaez-Ríos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Manuel Lee-Estevez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 1090, Temuco 4810101, Chile;
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (R.D.); (J.Q.)
| | - John Quiñones
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (R.D.); (J.Q.)
| | - Patricio Ulloa-Rodríguez
- Department of Agronomical Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Av. Carmen 684, Curicó 3341695, Chile;
| | - Elías Figueroa Villalobos
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Faculty of Natural Resources, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 056, Temuco 4813302, Chile;
| | - León A. Bravo
- Department of Agronomical Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Steffen P. Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Jorge G. Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, P.O. Box 54D, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (S.E.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.-R.)
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Chae H, Kim S, Choi HG, Kim JH, Han SJ, Kim EJ. Arctic Sea Ice Microalga Chlamydomonas latifrons KNF0041: Identification and Statistical Optimization of Medium for Enhanced Biomass and Omega-3/Omega-6. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:454. [PMID: 37623735 PMCID: PMC10456082 DOI: 10.3390/md21080454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar microorganisms produce biologically active compounds that enable them to survive in harsh environments. These compounds have potential biomedical applications. The green microalga Chlamydomonas latifrons KNF0041, isolated from Arctic sea ice, has been found to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3 and omega-6, which have antioxidant properties. To improve the biomass production of strain KNF0041, statistical methods such as the Plackett-Burman design, Box-Behnken design, and response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized for medium optimization. The optimized medium was designed with increased potassium phosphate content and reduced acetic acid (AcOH) content. The use of the optimized medium resulted in an increase in the cell number as biomass of strain KNF0041 by 34.18% and the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid (FA) content by 10.04% and 58.29%, respectively, compared to that in normal TAP medium, which is known as the growth medium for Chlamydomonas culture. In this study, Chlamydomonas latifrons was discovered for the first time in the polar region and identified using morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses, the secondary structures of the internal transcribed spacers, and optimized culture conditions. The results of this study provide an efficient method for the application of polar microalgae for the production of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsik Chae
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; (H.C.)
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; (H.C.)
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; (H.C.)
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; (H.C.)
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; (H.C.)
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; (H.C.)
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Ramasamy KP, Mahawar L, Rajasabapathy R, Rajeshwari K, Miceli C, Pucciarelli S. Comprehensive insights on environmental adaptation strategies in Antarctic bacteria and biotechnological applications of cold adapted molecules. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197797. [PMID: 37396361 PMCID: PMC10312091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the induced environmental disturbances is one of the major threats that have a strong impact on bacterial communities in the Antarctic environment. To cope with the persistent extreme environment and inhospitable conditions, psychrophilic bacteria are thriving and displaying striking adaptive characteristics towards severe external factors including freezing temperature, sea ice, high radiation and salinity which indicates their potential in regulating climate change's environmental impacts. The review illustrates the different adaptation strategies of Antarctic microbes to changing climate factors at the structural, physiological and molecular level. Moreover, we discuss the recent developments in "omics" approaches to reveal polar "blackbox" of psychrophiles in order to gain a comprehensive picture of bacterial communities. The psychrophilic bacteria synthesize distinctive cold-adapted enzymes and molecules that have many more industrial applications than mesophilic ones in biotechnological industries. Hence, the review also emphasizes on the biotechnological potential of psychrophilic enzymes in different sectors and suggests the machine learning approach to study cold-adapted bacteria and engineering the industrially important enzymes for sustainable bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Raju Rajasabapathy
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sandra Pucciarelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Králová S, Busse HJ, Bezdíček M, Sandoval-Powers M, Nykrýnová M, Staňková E, Krsek D, Sedláček I. Flavobacterium flabelliforme sp. nov. and Flavobacterium geliluteum sp. nov., Two Multidrug-Resistant Psychrotrophic Species Isolated From Antarctica. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729977. [PMID: 34745033 PMCID: PMC8570120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite unfavorable Antarctic conditions, such as cold temperatures, freeze-thaw cycles, high ultraviolet radiation, dryness and lack of nutrients, microorganisms were able to adapt and surprisingly thrive in this environment. In this study, eight cold-adapted Flavobacterium strains isolated from a remote Antarctic island, James Ross Island, were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach to determine their taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes clearly showed that these strains formed two distinct phylogenetic clusters comprising three and five strains, with average nucleotide identities significantly below 90% between both proposed species as well as between their closest phylogenetic relatives. Phenotyping revealed a unique pattern of biochemical and physiological characteristics enabling differentiation from the closest phylogenetically related Flavobacterium spp. Chemotaxonomic analyses showed that type strains P4023T and P7388T were characterized by the major polyamine sym-homospermidine and a quinone system containing predominantly menaquinone MK-6. In the polar lipid profile phosphatidylethanolamine, an ornithine lipid and two unidentified lipids lacking a functional group were detected as major lipids. These characteristics along with fatty acid profiles confirmed that these species belong to the genus Flavobacterium. Thorough genomic analysis revealed the presence of numerous cold-inducible or cold-adaptation associated genes, such as cold-shock proteins, proteorhodopsin, carotenoid biosynthetic genes or oxidative-stress response genes. Genomes of type strains surprisingly harbored multiple prophages, with many of them predicted to be active. Genome-mining identified biosynthetic gene clusters in type strain genomes with a majority not matching any known clusters which supports further exploratory research possibilities involving these psychrotrophic bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a pattern of multidrug-resistant phenotypes that were correlated with in silico antibiotic resistance prediction. Interestingly, while typical resistance finder tools failed to detect genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, genomic prediction confirmed a multidrug-resistant profile and suggested even broader resistance than tested. Results of this study confirmed and thoroughly characterized two novel psychrotrophic Flavobacterium species, for which the names Flavobacterium flabelliforme sp. nov. and Flavobacterium geliluteum sp. nov. are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Králová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hans-Jürgen Busse
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matěj Bezdíček
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Markéta Nykrýnová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Staňková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel Krsek
- NRL for Diagnostic Electron Microscopy of Infectious Agents, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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