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Abstract
Zn2+ ions are essential in many physiological processes, including enzyme catalysis, protein structural stabilization, and the regulation of many proteins. The affinities of proteins for Zn2+ ions span several orders of magnitude, with catalytic Zn2+ ions generally held more tightly than structural or regulatory ones. Metal carrier proteins, most of which are not specific for Zn2+, bind these ions with a broad range of affinities that overlap those of catalytic, structural, and regulatory Zn2+ ions and are thought to be responsible for distributing the metal through most cells, tissues, and fluid compartments. While little is known about how many proteins obtain or release these ions, there is now considerable experimental evidence suggesting that metal carrier proteins may be responsible for transferring metals to and from some Zn2+-dependent proteins, thus serving as a major regulatory factor for them. In this review, the biological roles of Zn2+ and structures of Zn2+ binding sites are examined, and experimental evidence demonstrating the direct participation of metal carrier proteins in enzyme regulation is discussed. Mechanisms of metal ion transfer are also offered, and the potential physiological significance of this phenomenon is explored.
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Shamova EV, Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Sokolov AV, Kokhan AU, Melnikova GB, Yafremau NA, Gusev SA, Sveshnikova AN, Vasilyev VB, Cherenkevich SN, Panasenko OM. The effect of myeloperoxidase isoforms on biophysical properties of red blood cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:119-130. [PMID: 31754972 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant-producing enzyme, stored in azurophilic granules of neutrophils has been recently shown to influence red blood cell (RBC) deformability leading to abnormalities in blood microcirculation. Native MPO is a homodimer, consisting of two identical protomers (monomeric MPO) connected by a single disulfide bond but in inflammatory foci as a result of disulfide cleavage monomeric MPO (hemi-MPO) can also be produced. This study investigated if two MPO isoforms have distinct effects on biophysical properties of RBCs. We have found that hemi-MPO, as well as the dimeric form, bind to the glycophorins A/B and band 3 protein on RBC's plasma membrane, that lead to reduced cell resistance to osmotic and acidic hemolysis, reduction in cell elasticity, significant changes in cell volume, morphology, and the conductance of RBC plasma membrane ion channels. Furthermore, we have shown for the first time that both dimeric and hemi-MPO lead to phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer leaflet of RBC membrane. However, the effects of hemi-MPO on the structural and functional properties of RBCs were lower compared to those of dimeric MPO. These findings suggest that the ability of MPO protein to influence RBC's biophysical properties depends on its conformation (dimeric or monomeric isoform). It is intriguing to speculate that hemi-MPO appearance in blood during inflammation can serve as a regulatory mechanism addressed to reduce abnormalities on RBC response, induced by dimeric MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexey V Sokolov
- FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Galina B Melnikova
- A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Nikolai A Yafremau
- State Institution "N.N. Alexandrov Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology", Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergey A Gusev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine", St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg M Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Looking for a partner: ceruloplasmin in protein-protein interactions. Biometals 2019; 32:195-210. [PMID: 30895493 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a mammalian blood plasma ferroxidase. More than 95% of the copper found in plasma is carried by this protein, which is a member of the multicopper oxidase family. Proteins from this group are able to oxidize substrates through the transfer of four electrons to oxygen. The essential role of CP in iron metabolism in humans is particularly evident in the case of loss-of-function mutations in the CP gene resulting in a neurodegenerative syndrome known as aceruloplasminaemia. However, the functions of CP are not limited to the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, which allows loading of the ferric iron into transferrin and prevents the deleterious reactions of Fenton chemistry. In recent years, a number of novel CP functions have been reported, and many of these functions depend on the ability of CP to form stable complexes with a number of proteins.
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Starikova EA, Sokolov AV, Vlasenko AY, Burova LA, Freidlin IS, Vasilyev VB. Biochemical and biological activity of arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes M22. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:129-37. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) is an important gram-positive extracellular bacterial pathogen responsible for a number of suppurative infections. This micro-organism has developed complex virulence mechanisms to avoid the host’s defenses. We have previously reported that SDSC from GAS type M22 causes endothelial-cell dysfunction, and inhibits cell adhesion, migration, metabolism, and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting cell viability. This work aimed to isolate and characterize a component from GAS type M22 supernatant that suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926). In the process of isolating a protein possessing antiproliferative activity we identified arginine deiminase (AD). Further study showed that this enzyme is most active at pH 6.8. Calculating Km and Vmax gave the values of 0.67 mmol·L–1 and 42 s−1, respectively. A distinctive feature of AD purified from GAS type M22 is that its optimum activity and the maximal rate of the catalytic process is close to neutral pH by comparison with enzymes from other micro-organisms. AD from GAS type M22 suppressed the proliferative activity of endothelial cells in a dose-dependent mode. At the same time, in the presence of AD, the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase increased. When l-Arg was added at increasing concentrations to the culture medium containing AD (3 μg·mL–1), the enzyme’s capacity to inhibit cell proliferation became partially depressed. The proportion of cells in phases S/G2 increased concomitantly, although the cells did not fully recover their proliferation activity. This suggests that AD from GAS type M22 has potential for the suppression of excessive cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A. Starikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Pavlov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Pavlov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7–9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anna Yu. Vlasenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Pavlov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Larisa A. Burova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Pavlov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Irina S. Freidlin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Pavlov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Vadim B. Vasilyev
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Pavlov Street, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7–9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Binding of human myeloperoxidase to red blood cells: Molecular targets and biophysical consequences at the plasma membrane level. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:87-97. [PMID: 26714302 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant-producing enzyme that can also bind to cellular surface proteins. We found that band 3 protein and glycophorins A and B were the key MPO-binding targets of human red blood cells (RBCs). The interaction of MPO with RBC proteins was mostly electrostatic in nature because it was inhibited by desialation, exogenic sialic acid, high ionic strength, and extreme pH. In addition, MPO failed to interfere with the lectin-induced agglutination of RBCs, suggesting a minor role of glycan-recognizing mechanisms in MPO binding. Multiple biophysical properties of RBCs were altered in the presence of native (i.e., not hypochlorous acid-damaged) MPO. These changes included transmembrane potential, availability of intracellular Ca(2+), and lipid organization in the plasma membrane. MPO-treated erythrocytes became larger in size, structurally more rigid, and hypersensitive to acidic and osmotic hemolysis. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between the plasma MPO concentration and RBC rigidity index in type-2 diabetes patients with coronary heart disease. These findings suggest that MPO functions as a mediator of novel regulatory mechanism in microcirculation, indicating the influence of MPO-induced abnormalities on RBC deformability under pathological stress conditions.
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Sokolov AV, Acquasaliente L, Kostevich VA, Frasson R, Zakharova ET, Pontarollo G, Vasilyev VB, De Filippis V. Thrombin inhibits the anti-myeloperoxidase and ferroxidase functions of ceruloplasmin: relevance in rheumatoid arthritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 86:279-94. [PMID: 26001728 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human ceruloplasmin (CP) is a multifunctional copper-binding protein produced in the liver. CP oxidizes Fe(2+) to Fe(3+), decreasing the concentration of Fe(2+) available for generating harmful oxidant species. CP is also a potent inhibitor of leukocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) (Kd=130nM), a major source of oxidants in vivo. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting flexible joints and characterized by activation of both inflammatory and coagulation processes. Indeed, the levels of CP, MPO, and thrombin are markedly increased in the synovial fluid of RA patients. Here we show that thrombin cleaves CP in vitro at (481)Arg-Ser(482) and (887)Lys-Val(888) bonds, generating a nicked species that retains the native-like fold and the ferroxidase activity of the intact protein, whereas the MPO inhibitory function of CP is abrogated. Analysis of the synovial fluid of 24 RA patients reveals that CP is proteolytically degraded to a variable extent, with a fragmentation pattern similar to that observed with thrombin in vitro, and that proteolysis is blocked by hirudin, a highly potent and specific thrombin inhibitor. Using independent biophysical techniques, we show that thrombin has intrinsic affinity for CP (Kd=60-270nM), independent of proteolysis, and inhibits CP ferroxidase activity (KI=220±20nM). Mapping of thrombin binding sites with specific exosite-directed ligands (i.e., hirugen, fibrinogen γ'-peptide) and thrombin analogues having the exosites variably compromised (i.e., prothrombin, prethrombin-2, βT-thrombin) reveals that the positively charged exosite-II of thrombin binds to the negatively charged upper region of CP, while the protease active site and exosite-I remain accessible. These results suggest that thrombin can exacerbate inflammation in RA by impairing the MPO inhibitory function of CP via proteolysis and by competitively inhibiting CP ferroxidase activity. Notably, local administration of hirudin, a highly potent and specifc thrombin inhibitor, reduces the concentration of active MPO in the synovial fluid of RA patients and has a beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexej V Sokolov
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia; State University of Saint Petersburg, University Embankment, 4-7, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - Laura Acquasaliente
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy
| | - Valeria A Kostevich
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - Roberta Frasson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy
| | - Elena T Zakharova
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy
| | - Vadim B Vasilyev
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov str., 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376 Russia; State University of Saint Petersburg, University Embankment, 4-7, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, via Marzolo, 5, Padua, 35131 Italy.
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Kostevich VA, Sokolov AV, Grudinina NA, Zakharova ET, Samygina VR, Vasilyev VB. Interaction of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with ceruloplasmin: role of labile copper ions. Biometals 2015; 28:817-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sokolov AV, Kostevich VA, Zakharova ET, Samygina VR, Panasenko OM, Vasilyev VB. Interaction of ceruloplasmin with eosinophil peroxidase as compared to its interplay with myeloperoxidase: Reciprocal effect on enzymatic properties. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:800-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1005615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sokolov AV, Zakharova ET, Zakahrova ET, Kostevich VA, Samygina VR, Vasilyev VB. Lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, and ceruloplasmin: complementary gearwheels cranking physiological and pathological processes. Biometals 2014; 27:815-28. [PMID: 24966132 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper-containing plasma protein ceruloplasmin (Cp) forms a complex with lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding protein, and with the heme-containing myeloperoxidase (Mpo). In case of inflammation, Lf and Mpo are secreted from neutrophil granules. Among the plasma proteins, Cp seems to be the preferential partner of Lf and Mpo. After an intraperitoneal injection of Lf to rodents, the "Cp-Lf" complex has been shown to appear in their bloodstream. Cp prevents the interaction of Lf with protoplasts of Micrococcus luteus. Upon immunoprecipitation of Cp, the blood plasma becomes depleted of Lf and in a dose-dependent manner loses the capacity to inhibit the peroxidase activity of Mpo, but not the Mpo-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate in the (pseudo)halogenating cycle. Antimicrobial effect against E. coli displayed by a synergistic system that includes Lf and Mpo-H2O2-chloride, but not thiocyanate, as the substrate for Mpo is abrogated when Cp is added. Hence, Cp can be regarded as an anti-inflammatory factor that restrains the halogenating cycle and redirects the synergistic system Mpo-H2O2-chloride/thiocyanate to production of hypothiocyanate, which is relatively harmless for the human organism. Structure and functions of the "2Cp-2Lf-Mpo" complex and binary complexes Cp-Lf and 2Cp-Mpo in inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Sokolov
- N-W Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Pavlov Street 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russia,
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Sokolov AV, Golenkina EA, Kostevich VA, Vasilyev VB, Sud’ina GF. Interaction of ceruloplasmin and 5-lipoxygenase. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:1464-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910120072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sokolov V, Ageeva KV, Kostevich VA, Berlov MN, Runova OL, Zakharova ET, Vasilyev VB. Study of Interaction of Ceruloplasmin with Serprocidins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 75:1361-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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