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Monti M, Milanetti E, Frans MT, Miotto M, Di Rienzo L, Baranov MV, Gosti G, Somavarapu AK, Nagaraj M, Golbek TW, Rossing E, Moons SJ, Boltje TJ, van den Bogaart G, Weidner T, Otzen DE, Tartaglia GG, Ruocco G, Roeters SJ. Two Receptor Binding Strategy of SARS-CoV-2 Is Mediated by Both the N-Terminal and Receptor-Binding Spike Domain. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:451-464. [PMID: 38190651 PMCID: PMC10801686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
It is not well understood why severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 spreads much faster than other β-coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. In a previous publication, we predicted the binding of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike to sialic acids (SAs). Here, we experimentally validate this interaction and present simulations that reveal a second possible interaction between SAs and the spike protein via a binding site located in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). The predictions from molecular-dynamics simulations and the previously-published 2D-Zernike binding-site recognition approach were validated through flow-induced dispersion analysis (FIDA)─which reveals the capability of the SARS-CoV-2 spike to bind to SA-containing (glyco)lipid vesicles, and flow-cytometry measurements─which show that spike binding is strongly decreased upon inhibition of SA expression on the membranes of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)-expressing HEK cells. Our analyses reveal that the SA binding of the NTD and RBD strongly enhances the infection-inducing ACE2 binding. Altogether, our work provides in silico, in vitro, and cellular evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus utilizes a two-receptor (SA and ACE2) strategy. This allows the SARS-CoV-2 spike to use SA moieties on the cell membrane as a binding anchor, which increases the residence time of the virus on the cell surface and aids in the binding of the main receptor, ACE2, via 2D diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Monti
- RNA
Systems Biology, Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Myrthe T. Frans
- Molecular
Immunology—Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Miotto
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Rienzo
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maksim V. Baranov
- Molecular
Immunology—Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Gosti
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- DHILab,
Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Sede di Roma, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Salaria km, 29300, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Arun Kumar Somavarapu
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Madhu Nagaraj
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thaddeus W. Golbek
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Emiel Rossing
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sam J. Moons
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Molecular
Immunology—Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gian Gaetano Tartaglia
- RNA
Systems Biology, Centre for Human Technologies (CHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Enrico Melen, 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center
for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Steven J. Roeters
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Amsterdam
UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Anatomy
and Neurosciences, De
Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nii-Trebi NI, Mughogho TS, Abdulai A, Tetteh F, Ofosu PM, Osei MM, Yalley AK. Dynamics of viral disease outbreaks: A hundred years (1918/19-2019/20) in retrospect - Loses, lessons and emerging issues. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2475. [PMID: 37602770 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and a formidable obstacle to the development and well-being of people worldwide. Viruses account for more than half of infectious disease outbreaks that have plagued the world. The past century (1918/19-2019/20) has witnessed some of the worst viral disease outbreaks the world has recorded, with overwhelming impact especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The frequency of viral disease outbreak appears to be increasing. Generally, although infectious diseases have afflicted the world for centuries and humankind has had opportunities to examine the nature of their emergence and mode of spread, almost every new outbreak poses a formidable challenge to humankind, beating the existing pandemic preparedness systems, if any, and causing significant losses. These underscore inadequacy in our understanding of the dynamics and preparedness against viral disease outbreaks that lead to epidemics and pandemics. Despite these challenges, the past 100 years of increasing frequencies of viral disease outbreaks have engendered significant improvements in response to epidemics and pandemics, and offered lessons to inform preparedness. Hence, the increasing frequency of emergence of viral outbreaks and the challenges these outbreaks pose to humankind, call for the continued search for effective ways to tackle viral disease outbreaks in real time. Through a PRISMA-based approach, this systematic review examines the outbreak of viral diseases in retrospect to decipher the outbreak patterns, losses inflicted on humanity and highlights lessons these offer for meaningful preparation against future viral disease outbreaks and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas I Nii-Trebi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Anisa Abdulai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Tetteh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Priscilla M Ofosu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mary-Magdalene Osei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Akua K Yalley
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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