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Yadunandanan Nair N, Samuel V, Ramesh L, Marib A, David DT, Sundararaman A. Actin cytoskeleton in angiogenesis. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio058899. [PMID: 36444960 PMCID: PMC9729668 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin, one of the most abundant intracellular proteins in mammalian cells, is a critical regulator of cell shape and polarity, migration, cell division, and transcriptional response. Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels in the body is a well-coordinated multi-step process. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels acquire several new properties such as front-rear polarity, invasiveness, rapid proliferation and motility during angiogenesis. This is achieved by changes in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin remodelling underlies the switch between the quiescent and angiogenic state of the endothelium. Actin forms endothelium-specific structures that support uniquely endothelial functions. Actin regulators at endothelial cell-cell junctions maintain the integrity of the blood-tissue barrier while permitting trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. This review focuses on endothelial actin structures and less-recognised actin-mediated endothelial functions. Readers are referred to other recent reviews for the well-recognised roles of actin in endothelial motility, barrier functions and leukocyte transmigration. Actin generates forces that are transmitted to the extracellular matrix resulting in vascular matrix remodelling. In this review, we attempt to synthesize our current understanding of the roles of actin in vascular morphogenesis. We speculate on the vascular bed specific differences in endothelial actin regulation and its role in the vast heterogeneity in endothelial morphology and function across the various tissues of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Yadunandanan Nair
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Victor Samuel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Lariza Ramesh
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Areeba Marib
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Deena T. David
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
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Kumavath R, Paul S, Pavithran H, Paul MK, Ghosh P, Barh D, Azevedo V. Emergence of Cardiac Glycosides as Potential Drugs: Current and Future Scope for Cancer Therapeutics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1275. [PMID: 34572488 PMCID: PMC8465509 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are natural sterols and constitute a group of secondary metabolites isolated from plants and animals. These cardiotonic agents are well recognized and accepted in the treatment of various cardiac diseases as they can increase the rate of cardiac contractions by acting on the cellular sodium potassium ATPase pump. However, a growing number of recent efforts were focused on exploring the antitumor and antiviral potential of these compounds. Several reports suggest their antitumor properties and hence, today cardiac glycosides (CG) represent the most diversified naturally derived compounds strongly recommended for the treatment of various cancers. Mutated or dysregulated transcription factors have also gained prominence as potential therapeutic targets that can be selectively targeted. Thus, we have explored the recent advances in CGs mediated cancer scope and have considered various signaling pathways, molecular aberration, transcription factors (TFs), and oncogenic genes to highlight potential therapeutic targets in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala 671320, India;
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu 627012, India;
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Honey Pavithran
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya (P.O) Kasaragod, Kerala 671320, India;
| | - Manash K. Paul
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Preetam Ghosh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, India;
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-001, Brazil;
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-001, Brazil;
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Hossan MS, Chan ZY, Collins HM, Shipton FN, Butler MS, Rahmatullah M, Lee JB, Gershkovich P, Kagan L, Khoo TJ, Wiart C, Bradshaw TD. Cardiac glycoside cerberin exerts anticancer activity through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction inhibition. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:57-73. [PMID: 30930233 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products possess a significant role in anticancer therapy and many currently-used anticancer drugs are of natural origin. Cerberin (CR), a cardenolide isolated from the fruit kernel of Cerbera odollam, was found to potently inhibit cancer cell growth (GI50 values < 90 nM), colony formation and migration. Significant G2/M cell cycle arrest preceded time- and dose-dependent apoptosis-induction in human cancer cell lines corroborated by dose-and time-dependent PARP cleavage and caspase 3/7 activation, in addition to reduced Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expression. CR potently inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling depleting polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1), c-Myc and STAT-3 expression. Additionally, CR significantly increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing DNA double strand breaks. Preliminary in silico biopharmaceutical assessment of CR predicted >60% bioavailability and rapid absorption; doses of 1-10 mg/kg CR were predicted to maintain efficacious unbound plasma concentrations (>GI50 value). CR's potent and selective anti-tumour activity, and its targeting of key signalling mechanisms pertinent to tumourigenesis support further preclinical evaluation of this cardiac glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossan
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zi-Yang Chan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hilary M Collins
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fiona N Shipton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jong Bong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Şimay YD, Özdemir A, İbişoğlu B, Ark M. The connection between the cardiac glycoside‐induced senescent cell morphology and Rho/Rho kinase pathway. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:461-471. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaprak Dilber Şimay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyGazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Aysun Özdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyGazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Burçin İbişoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyGazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyGazi University Ankara Turkey
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Özdemir A, Yildiz M, Senol FS, Şimay YD, Ibişoglu B, Gokbulut A, Orhan IE, Ark M. Promising anticancer activity of Cyclotrichium niveum L. extracts through induction of both apoptosis and necrosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:898-909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Özdemir A, Şimay YD, İbişoğlu B, Yaren B, Bülbül D, Ark M. Cardiac glycoside-induced cell death and Rho/Rho kinase pathway: Implication of different regulation in cancer cell lines. Steroids 2016; 109:29-43. [PMID: 27017918 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the Rho/ROCK pathway is involved in ouabain-induced apoptosis in HUVEC. In the current work, we investigated whether the Rho/ROCK pathway is functional during cardiac glycosides-induced cytotoxic effects in cancer cell lines, as well as in non-tumor cells. For that purpose, we evaluated the role of ROCK activation in bleb formation and cell migration over upstream and downstream effectors in addition to ROCK cleavage after cardiac glycosides treatment. All three cardiac glycosides (ouabain, digoxin and bufalin) induced cell death in HeLa and HepG2 cells and increased the formation of blebbing in HeLa cells. In contrast to our previous study, ROCK inhibitor Y27632 did not prevent bleb formation. Observation of ROCK II cleavage after ouabain, digoxin and oxaliplatin treatments in HeLa and/or HepG2 cells suggested that cleavage is independent of cell type and cell death induction. While inhibiting cleavage of ROCK II by the caspase inhibitors z-VAD-fmk, z-VDVAD-fmk and z-DEVD-fmk, evaluation of caspase 2 siRNA ineffectiveness on this truncation indicated that caspase-dependent ROCK II cleavage is differentially regulated in cancer cell lines. In HeLa cells, ouabain induced the activation of ROCK, although it did not induce phosphorylation of ERM, an upstream effector. While Y27632 inhibited the migration of HeLa cells, 10nM ouabain had no effect on cell migration. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the Rho/ROCK pathway is regulated differently in cancer cell lines compared to normal cells during cardiac glycosides-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Özdemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Turkey
| | - Yaprak Dilber Şimay
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Turkey
| | - Burçin İbişoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Turkey
| | - Biljana Yaren
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Turkey
| | - Döne Bülbül
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ark
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Turkey.
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