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Srinivas S, Senthil Kumar A. Surface-Activated Pencil Graphite Electrode for Dopamine Sensor Applications: A Critical Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:353. [PMID: 36979565 PMCID: PMC10046220 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pencil graphite electrode (PGE) is an alternative, commercially available, ready-to-use, screen-printed electrode for a wide range of electroanalytical applications. Due to the complex-matrix composition and unpredictable electro-inactive nature of PGE in its native form, a surface pre-treatment/activation procedure is highly preferred for using it as an electroactive working electrode for electroanalytical applications. In this article, we review various surface pre-treatment and modification procedures adopted in the literature with respect to the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine as a model system. Specific generation of the carbon-oxygen functional group, along with partial surface exfoliation of PGE, has been referred to as a key step for the activation. Based on the Scopus® index, the literature collection was searched with the keywords "pencil and dopamine". The obtained data were segregated into three main headings as: (i) electrochemically pre-treated PGE; (ii) polymer-modified PGEs; and (iii) metal and metal nanocomposite-modified PGE. This critical review covers various surface activation procedures adopted for the activation for PGE suitable for dopamine electroanalytical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Srinivas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
- Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
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Electroanalysis of Naringin at Electroactivated Pencil Graphite Electrode for the Assessment of Polyphenolics with Intermediate Antioxidant Power. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122306. [PMID: 36552515 PMCID: PMC9774430 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) method using a single-use electroactivated pencil graphite electrode (PGE*) is proposed for the rapid screening of the total content of polyphenolics (TCP) with intermediate antioxidant power (AOP) in grapefruit peel and fresh juice. The results were compared and correlated with those provided by the HPLC-DAD-MS method. NG voltammetric behavior at PGE* was studied by cyclic voltammetry and an oxidation mechanism was suggested. The experimental conditions (type of PGE, electroactivation procedure, pH, nature and concentration of supporting electrolyte) for NG DPV determination were optimized. The NG peak current varied linearly with the concentration in the ranges 1.40 × 10-6-2.00 × 10-5 and 2.00 × 10-5-1.40 × 10-4 mol/L NG and a limit of detection (LoD) of 6.02 × 10-7 mol/L NG was attained. The method repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was 7.62% for the concentration level of 2.00 × 10-6 mol/L NG. After accumulation for 240 s of NG at PGE* the LoD was lowered to 1.35 × 10-7 mol/L NG, the linear range being 6.00 × 10-7-8.00 × 10-6 mol/L NG. The developed electrochemical system was successfully tested on real samples and proved to be a cost-effective tool for the simple estimation of the TCP with intermediate AOP in citrus fruits.
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Serbest Z, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. One-Step Electrochemical Fabrication of Lithium-Intercalated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) for the Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV) Determination of l-Tyrosine. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Serbest
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tesfaye G, Negash N, Hailu T, Tessema M. Simultaneous Determination of Gallic acid and Folic acid in Fruit Juice Samples Using Square Wave Voltammetry at Electrochemically Pretreated Carbon Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw Tesfaye
- Addis Ababa University College of Natural Sciences ETHIOPIA
| | | | - Tesfu Hailu
- Addis Ababa Science and Technology University ETHIOPIA
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5
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Recent Developments in Voltammetric Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrodes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The even growing production of both well-known and new derivatives with pharmaceutical action involves the need for developing facile and reliable methods for the analysis of these compounds. Among the widely used instrumental techniques, the electrochemical ones are probably the simplest and the most rapid, also having good performance characteristics. However, the key tool in electroanalysis is the working electrode. Due to the inherent electrochemical and economic advantages of the pencil graphite electrode (PGE), the interest in its applicability in the analysis of different analytes has continuously increased in recent years. Thus, this paper aims to review the scientific reports published in the last 10 years on the use of the disposable eco- and user-friendly PGEs in the electroanalysis of compounds of pharmaceutical importance in different matrices. The PGE characteristics and designs (bare or modified with various types of materials), along with their applications and performance parameters (e.g., linear range, limit of detection, and reproducibility), will be discussed, and their advantages and limitations will be critically emphasized.
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Bilici A, Denizhan N, Emre D, Soylukan C, Algi F, Yilmaz S. Fabrication of PAMP/Au and GO/PAMP/Au nanosensors for electrochemical detection of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quantum chemical studies and electrochemical investigations of pyrogallol red modified carbon paste electrode fabrication for sensor application. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Gorduk O. Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of NADH Using an Electrode Fabricated by Intercalation of Tetrabutylammonium Ions Into Graphite Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gorduk
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University TR34220 Istanbul Turkey
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Dokur E, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. Cost‐effective and Facile Production of a Phosphorus‐doped Graphite Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Pyridoxine. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrar Dokur
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University TR34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University TR34210 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University TR34210 Istanbul Turkey
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Arvas MB, Karatepe N, Gencten M, Sahin Y. Fabrication of high-performance symmetrical coin cell supercapacitors by using one step and green synthesis sulfur doped graphene powders. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, symmetrical supercapacitors in the form of coin cell types were produced by using S-doped graphene powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Besir Arvas
- Yıldız Technical University
- Faculty of Art and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Nilgün Karatepe
- Istanbul Technical University
- Institute of Energy
- Renewable Energy Division
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Metin Gencten
- Yıldız Technical University
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering
- 34210 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Yıldız Technical University
- Faculty of Art and Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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GORDUK O. Poly(glutamic acid) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Bisphenol A. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.728165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Arvas MB, Gorduk O, Gencten M, Sahin Y. Differential Pulse Voltammetric (DPV) Determination of Phosphomolybdenum Complexes by a Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Coated Molybdenum Blue Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode (PVC-MB-PGE). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1772806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melih Besir Arvas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Gencten
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tahtaisleyen S, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. Electrochemical Determination of Sunset Yellow Using an Electrochemically Prepared Graphene Oxide Modified – Pencil Graphite Electrode (EGO-PGE). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1767120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Tahtaisleyen
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dokur E, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Folic Acid Using a Poly(Cystine) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1728540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrar Dokur
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tahtaisleyen S, Gorduk O, Sahin Y. Electrochemical Determination of Tartrazine Using a Graphene/Poly(L-Phenylalanine) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1716242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selen Tahtaisleyen
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gorduk O. Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Serotonin Using an Acid-Activated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube – Over-Oxidized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1693583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gorduk
- Faculty of Arts & Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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