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Matovu D, Cavalheiro EA. Differences in Evolution of Epileptic Seizures and Topographical Distribution of Tissue Damage in Selected Limbic Structures Between Male and Female Rats Submitted to the Pilocarpine Model. Front Neurol 2022; 13:802587. [PMID: 35449517 PMCID: PMC9017681 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.802587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence shows that clinical features and comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may have different manifestations depending on the sex of patients. However, little is known about how sex-related mechanisms can interfere with the processes underlying the epileptic phenomenon. The findings of this study show that male rats with epilepsy in the pilocarpine model have longer-lasting and more severe epileptic seizures, while female rats have a higher frequency of epileptic seizures and a greater number of seizure clusters. Significant sex-linked pathological changes were also observed: epileptic brains of male and female rats showed differences in mass reduction of 41.8% in the amygdala and 18.2% in the olfactory bulb, while loss of neuronal cells was present in the hippocampus (12.3%), amygdala (18.1%), and olfactory bulb (7.5%). Another important sex-related finding was the changes in non-neuronal cells with increments for the hippocampus (36.1%), amygdala (14.7%), and olfactory bulb (37%). Taken together, our study suggests that these neuropathological changes may underlie the differences in the clinical features of epileptic seizures observed in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matovu
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper A Cavalheiro
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen Y, Feng Z, Shen M, Lin W, Wang Y, Wang S, Li C, Wang S, Chen M, Shan W, Xie XQ. Insight into Ginkgo biloba L. Extract on the Improved Spatial Learning and Memory by Chemogenomics Knowledgebase, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Bioassay Validations. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2428-2439. [PMID: 32064403 PMCID: PMC7017398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common cause of serious cognitive disorders and is known to have impact on patients' memory and executive functions. Therefore, the development of antiepileptic drugs for the improvement of spatial learning and memory in patients with epileptic cognitive dysfunction is important. In the present work, we systematically predicted and analyzed the potential effects of Ginkgo terpene trilactones (GTTL) on cognition and pathologic changes utilizing in silico and in vivo approaches. Based on our established chemogenomics knowledgebase, we first conducted the network systems pharmacology analysis to predict that ginkgolide A/B/C may target 5-HT 1A, 5-HT 1B, and 5-HT 2B. The detailed interactions were then further validated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In addition, status epilepticus (SE) was induced by lithium-pilocarpine injection in adult Wistar male rats, and the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated that administration with GTTL can increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) when compared to the model group. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that the occurrence of a reciprocal involvement of 5-HT receptor activation along with the hippocampal BDNF-increased expression can significantly ameliorate neurologic changes and reverse behavioral deficits in status epilepticus rats while improving cognitive function and alleviating neuronal injury. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of GTTL (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, and ginkgolide C) on synergistic antiepileptic effect. Our experimental data showed that the spatial learning and memory abilities (e.g., electroencephalography analysis and Morris water maze test for behavioral assessment) of rats administrated with GTTL were significantly improved under the middle dose (80 mg/kg, GTTL) and high dose (160 mg/kg, GTTL). Moreover, the number of neurons in the hippocampus of the GTTL group increased when compared to the model group. Our studies showed that GTTL not only protected rat cerebral hippocampal neurons against epilepsy but also improved the learning and memory ability. Therefore, GTTL may be a potential drug candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- College
of Pharmacology Sciences, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mingzhe Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Yuanqiang Wang
- School of
Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University
of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Caifeng Li
- College
of Pharmacology Sciences, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- College
of Pharmacology Sciences, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Maozi Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Weiguang Shan
- College
of Pharmacology Sciences, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational
Chemical
Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for
Computational Drug Abuse Research, Drug Discovery Institute, Departments of Computational Biology
and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Carron SF, Yan EB, Allitt BJ, Rajan R. Immediate and Medium-term Changes in Cortical and Hippocampal Inhibitory Neuronal Populations after Diffuse TBI. Neuroscience 2018; 388:152-170. [PMID: 30036662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Changes in inhibition following traumatic brain injury (TBI) appear to be one of the major factors that contribute to excitation:inhibition imbalance. Neuron pathology, interneurons in particular evolves from minutes to weeks post injury and follows a complex time course. Previously, we showed that in the long-term in diffuse TBI (dTBI), there was select reduction of specific dendrite-targeting neurons in sensory cortex and hippocampus while in motor cortex there was up-regulation of specific dendrite-targeting neurons. We now investigated the time course of dTBI effects on interneurons in neocortex and hippocampus. Brains were labeled with antibodies against calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) neuropeptide Y (NPY), and somatostatin (SOM) at 24 h and 2 weeks post dTBI. We found time-dependent, brain area-specific changes in inhibition at 24 h and 2 weeks. At 24 h post-injury, reduction of dendrite-targeting inhibitory neurons occurred in sensory cortex and hippocampus. At 2 weeks, we found compensatory changes in the somatosensory cortex and CA2/3 of hippocampus affected at 24 h, with affected interneuronal populations returning to sham levels. However, DG of hippocampus now showed reduction of dendrite-targeting inhibitory neurons. Finally, with respect to motor cortex, there was an upregulation of dendrite-targeting interneurons in the supragranular layers at 24 h returning to normal levels by 2 weeks. Overall, our findings reconfirm that dendritic inhibition is particularly susceptible to brain trauma, but also show that there are complex brain-area-specific changes in inhibitory neuronal numbers and in compensatory changes, rather than a simple monotonic progression of changes post-dTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone F Carron
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Edwin B Yan
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Benjamin J Allitt
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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