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Saracino AM, Kelberman D, Otto GW, Gagunashvili A, Abraham DJ, Denton CP. Unravelling morphoea aetiopathogenesis by next-generation sequencing of paired skin biopsies. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2035-2056. [PMID: 36912952 PMCID: PMC10366313 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphoea can have a significant disease burden. Aetiopathogenesis remains poorly understood, with very limited existing genetic studies. Linear morphoea (LM) may follow Blascho's lines of epidermal development, providing potential pathogenic clues. OBJECTIVE The first objective of this study was to identify the presence of primary somatic epidermal mosaicism in LM. The second objective was tTo explore differential gene expression in morphoea epidermis and dermis to identify potential pathogenic molecular pathways and tissue layer cross-talk. METHODOLOGY Skin biopsies from paired affected and contralateral unaffected skin were taken from 16 patients with LM. Epidermis and dermis were isolated using a 2-step chemical-physical separation protocol. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS; n = 4 epidermal) and RNA-seq (n = 5-epidermal, n = 5-dermal) with gene expression analysis via GSEA-MSigDBv6.3 and PANTHER-v14.1 pathway analyses, were performed. RTqPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to replicate key results. RESULTS Sixteen participants (93.8% female, mean age 27.7 yrs disease-onset) were included. Epidermal WGS identified no single affected gene or SNV. However, many potential disease-relevant pathogenic variants were present, including ADAMTSL1 and ADAMTS16. A highly proliferative, inflammatory and profibrotic epidermis was seen, with significantly-overexpressed TNFα-via-NFkB, TGFβ, IL6/JAKSTAT and IFN-signaling, apoptosis, p53 and KRAS-responses. Upregulated IFI27 and downregulated LAMA4 potentially represent initiating epidermal 'damage' signals and enhanced epidermal-dermal communication. Morphoea dermis exhibited significant profibrotic, B-cell and IFN-signatures, and upregulated morphogenic patterning pathways such as Wnt. CONCLUSION This study supports the absence of somatic epidermal mosaicism in LM, and identifies potential disease-driving epidermal mechanisms, epidermal-dermal interactions and disease-specific dermal differential-gene-expression in morphoea. We propose a potential molecular narrative for morphoea aetiopathogenesis which could help guide future targeted studies and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Saracino
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissues Diseases, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Melbourne Dermatology Clinic, 258 Park Street, South Melbourne, VIC, 3205, Australia.
| | - Daniel Kelberman
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormand Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georg W Otto
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormand Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrey Gagunashvili
- GOSgene, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormand Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Abraham
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissues Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissues Diseases, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Increased L-Selectin on Monocytes Is Linked to the Autoantibody Profile in Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042233. [PMID: 35216350 PMCID: PMC8880182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), as they exert prominent migratory, adhesive, and chemotactic properties. The aim of our study was to characterize the surface expression of adhesion/chemotactic molecules (CD62L, CD11b, CCR2, CCR5) on the SSc monocytes and determine correlations with the clinical presentation of SSc. We included 38 SSc patients and 36 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. Isolated monocytes, as well as in vitro serum-treated monocytes, were analyzed by flow cytometry; additionally, soluble CD62L was measured in serum. We found increased soluble CD62L in the SSc serum samples and increased CD62L on the surface of the SSc monocytes in the in the same set of patients. Among samples with determined SSc-specific autoantibodies, the surface CD62L was the lowest in patients positive for anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies and the highest in patients with anti-topoisomerase I autoantibodies (ATA). The treatment of isolated healthy monocytes with ATA-positive SSc serum resulted in increased surface CD62L expression. Moreover, surface CCR5 was reduced on the monocytes from SSc patients with interstitial lung disease but also, along with CCR2, negatively correlated with the use of analgesics/anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants. In conclusion, increased CD62L on SSc monocytes, particularly in ATA-positive patients, provides new insights into the pathogenesis of SSc and suggests CD62L as a potential therapeutic target.
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Kania G, Rudnik M, Distler O. Involvement of the myeloid cell compartment in fibrogenesis and systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:288-302. [PMID: 30953037 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune fibrotic disease of unknown aetiology that is characterized by vascular changes in the skin and visceral organs. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can improve skin and organ fibrosis in patients with progressive disease and a high risk of organ failure, indicating that cells originating in the bone marrow are important contributors to the pathogenesis of SSc. Animal studies also indicate a pivotal function of myeloid cells in the development of fibrosis leading to changes in the tissue architecture and dysfunction in multiple organs such as the heart, lungs, liver and kidney. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge about the function of myeloid cells in fibrogenesis that occurs in patients with SSc. Targeted therapies currently in clinical studies for SSc might affect myeloid cell-related pathways. Therefore, myeloid cells might be used as cellular biomarkers of disease through the application of high-dimensional techniques such as mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kania
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Rudnik
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Qing X, Chinenov Y, Redecha P, Madaio M, Roelofs JJ, Farber G, Issuree PD, Donlin L, Mcllwain DR, Mak TW, Blobel CP, Salmon JE. iRhom2 promotes lupus nephritis through TNF-α and EGFR signaling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1397-1412. [PMID: 29369823 DOI: 10.1172/jci97650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) often results in progressive renal dysfunction. The inactive rhomboid 2 (iRhom2) is a newly identified key regulator of A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), whose substrates, such as TNF-α and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency of iRhom2 protects the lupus-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice from developing severe kidney damage without altering anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) Ab production by simultaneously blocking HB-EGF/EGFR and TNF-α signaling in the kidney tissues. Unbiased transcriptome profiling of kidneys and kidney macrophages revealed that TNF-α and HB-EGF/EGFR signaling pathways are highly upregulated in Fcgr2b-/- mice, alterations that were diminished in the absence of iRhom2. Pharmacological blockade of either TNF-α or EGFR signaling protected Fcgr2b-/- mice from severe renal damage. Finally, kidneys from LN patients showed increased iRhom2 and HB-EGF expression, with interstitial HB-EGF expression significantly associated with chronicity indices. Our data suggest that activation of iRhom2/ADAM17-dependent TNF-α and EGFR signaling plays a crucial role in mediating irreversible kidney damage in LN, thereby uncovering a target for selective and simultaneous dual inhibition of 2 major pathological pathways in the effector arm of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yurii Chinenov
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joris Jth Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregory Farber
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David R Mcllwain
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Program in Inflammation and Autoimmunity, and.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Ballantine L, Midgley A, Harris D, Richards E, Burgess S, Beresford MW. Increased soluble phagocytic receptors sMer, sTyro3 and sAxl and reduced phagocytosis in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13:10. [PMID: 25878564 PMCID: PMC4397859 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-015-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TAM-receptor tyrosine kinase family, Tyro3, Axl and Mer are key to apoptotic cell clearance. Reduced phagocytic clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) leads to prolonged exposure of nuclear autoantigen to the immune system. Here we measure the levels of TAM receptors and the phagocytic capacity of monocytes and macrophages in juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE). METHOD Mer protein was measured on monocytes from JSLE, healthy control and JIA patients. JSLE, healthy control and JIA patients' plasma were analysed for soluble Mer (sMer), soluble Tyro3 (sTyro) and soluble Axl (sAxl). A phagocytosis assay measured the effect of JSLE serum on phagocytic potential of JSLE and control monocytes to engulf E. Coli bacteria and healthy macrophages to engulf apoptotic neutrophils. RESULTS Mer receptor expression was significantly decreased on JSLE monocytes compared to healthy controls. Plasma sMer, sTyro and sAxl were significantly increased in JSLE patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). Adult healthy control macrophages had significantly decreased phagocytosis of E. Coli and apoptotic neutrophils in the presence of 10% JSLE serum compared to control serum (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION JSLE patients have a decreased phagocytosis due to both serum and cell-derived factors. Significantly increased levels of sMer, sTyro3 and sAxl may be important factors contributing to the deficit in phagocytosis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ballantine
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Angela Midgley
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - David Harris
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Ella Richards
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Sarah Burgess
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP UK
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Wermuth PJ, Jimenez SA. The significance of macrophage polarization subtypes for animal models of tissue fibrosis and human fibrotic diseases. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:2. [PMID: 25852818 PMCID: PMC4384891 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic and organ-specific human fibrotic disorders collectively represent one of the most serious health problems world-wide causing a large proportion of the total world population mortality. The molecular pathways involved in their pathogenesis are complex and despite intensive investigations have not been fully elucidated. Whereas chronic inflammatory cell infiltration is universally present in fibrotic lesions, the central role of monocytes and macrophages as regulators of inflammation and fibrosis has only recently become apparent. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the contribution of monocytes/macrophages to the initiation, establishment, or progression of the fibrotic process remain largely unknown. Several monocyte and macrophage subpopulations have been identified, with certain phenotypes promoting inflammation whereas others display profibrotic effects. Given the unmet need for effective treatments for fibroproliferative diseases and the crucial regulatory role of monocyte/macrophage subpopulations in fibrogenesis, the development of therapeutic strategies that target specific monocyte/macrophage subpopulations has become increasingly attractive. We will provide here an overview of the current understanding of the role of monocyte/macrophage phenotype subpopulations in animal models of tissue fibrosis and in various systemic and organ-specific human fibrotic diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss recent approaches to the design of effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic interventions by targeting the phenotypic differences identified between the various monocyte and macrophage subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Wermuth
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Science Building Suite 509, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541 USA
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Science Building Suite 509, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541 USA
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme activities and tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer. Immunol Res 2014; 58:87-100. [PMID: 24072428 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the tumor microenvironment especially of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the progression and metastatic spread of breast cancer is well established. TAMs have primarily a M2 (wound-healing) phenotype with minimal cytotoxic activities. The mechanisms by which tumor cells influence TAMs to display a pro-tumor phenotype are still debated although the key roles of immunomodulatory cytokines released by tumor cells, including colony-stimulating factor 1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and soluble TNF receptors 1/2, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble interleukin 6 receptor and amphiregulin, have been demonstrated. Importantly, these factors are released through ectodomain shedding by the activities of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17). The role of TACE activation leading to autocrine effects on tumor progression has been extensively studied. In contrast, limited information is available on the role of tumor cell TACE activities on TAMs in breast cancer. TACE inhibitors, currently in clinical trials, will certainly affect TAMs and subsequently treatment outcomes based on the substrates it releases. Furthermore, whether targeting a subset of the molecules shed by TACE, specifically those leading to TAMs with altered functions and phenotype, holds greater therapeutic promises than past clinical trials of TACE antagonists' remains to be determined. Here, the potential roles of TACE ectodomain shedding in the breast tumor microenvironment are reviewed with a focus on the release of tumor-derived immunomodulatory factors shed by TACE that directs TAM phenotypes and functions.
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Glass K, Girvan M. Annotation enrichment analysis: an alternative method for evaluating the functional properties of gene sets. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4191. [PMID: 24569707 PMCID: PMC3935204 DOI: 10.1038/srep04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene annotation databases (compendiums maintained by the scientific community that describe the biological functions performed by individual genes) are commonly used to evaluate the functional properties of experimentally derived gene sets. Overlap statistics, such as Fishers Exact test (FET), are often employed to assess these associations, but don't account for non-uniformity in the number of genes annotated to individual functions or the number of functions associated with individual genes. We find FET is strongly biased toward over-estimating overlap significance if a gene set has an unusually high number of annotations. To correct for these biases, we develop Annotation Enrichment Analysis (AEA), which properly accounts for the non-uniformity of annotations. We show that AEA is able to identify biologically meaningful functional enrichments that are obscured by numerous false-positive enrichment scores in FET, and we therefore suggest it be used to more accurately assess the biological properties of gene sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Glass
- 1] Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Girvan
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA [2] Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA [3] Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM
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Serum adhesion molecule levels as prognostic markers in patients with early systemic sclerosis: a multicentre, prospective, observational study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88150. [PMID: 24516598 PMCID: PMC3916412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the utility of circulating adhesion molecule levels as a prognostic indicator of disease progression in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with early onset disease. Methods Ninety-two Japanese patients with early onset SSc presenting with diffuse skin sclerosis and/or interstitial lung disease were registered in a multicentre, observational study. Concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) −1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin in serum samples from all patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent asssay (ELISA). In 39 patients, adhesion molecule levels were measured each year for four years. The ability of baseline adhesion molecule levels to predict subsequent progression and severity in clinical and laboratory features were evaluated statistically. Results At their first visit, serum levels of ICAM-1, E-selection, P-selectin were significantly elevated and serum L-selectin levels were significantly reduced in patients with SSc compared with healthy controls. Overall, serum ICAM-1 levels at each time point were significantly inversely associated with the %vital capacity (VC) of the same time and subsequent years by univariate analysis. The initial serum ICAM-1 levels were significantly inversely associated with the %VC at the fourth year by multiple regression analysis. The initial serum P-selectin levels were significantly associated with the health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI) at the fourth year by multiple regression analysis. Initial adhesion molecule levels were not significantly associated with other clinical features including skin thickness score. Baseline adhesion molecule levels were not significantly associated with subsequent rate of change of clinical parameters. Conclusion In patients with SSc, serum levels of ICAM-1 and P-selectin may serve as prognostic indicators of respiratory dysfunction and physical disability, respectively. Further longitudinal studies of larger populations are needed to confirm these findings.
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Overexpression of TNF-α-converting enzyme in fibroblasts augments dermal fibrosis after inflammation. J Transl Med 2013; 93:72-80. [PMID: 23147225 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) can cleave transmembrane proteins, such as TNF-α, TNF receptors, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, to release the extracellular domains from the cell surface. Recent studies have suggested that overexpression of TACE may be associated with the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis. To determine the roles of TACE in inflammation and fibrosis, TACE transgenic (TACE-Tg) mice, which overexpressed TACE systemically, were generated. As the transgene-derived TACE was expressed as an inactive form, no spontaneous phenotype developed in TACE-Tg mice. However, the transgene-derived TACE could be converted to an active form by furin in vitro and by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in vivo. Subcutaneous injection of PMA into mice induced inflammatory cell infiltration 1 day later and subsequent dermal fibrosis 7 days later. Interestingly, the degree of dermal fibrosis at day 7 was significantly higher in TACE-Tg mice than in wild-type mice. Correspondingly, PMA increased the expression of type I collagen in the primary culture of dermal fibroblasts derived from TACE-Tg mice. Furthermore, phosphorylated EGFR was increased in the fibroblasts by the PMA treatment. The collective findings suggest that TACE overexpression and activation in fibroblasts could shed off putative EGFR ligands. Subsequently, the soluble EGFR ligands could bind and activate EGFR on fibroblasts, and then increase the type I collagen expression resulting in induction of dermal fibrosis. These results also suggest that TACE and EGFR on fibroblasts may be novel therapeutic targets of dermal fibrosis, which is induced after diverse inflammatory disorders of the skin.
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Kawaguchi M, Hearing VJ. The Roles of ADAMs Family Proteinases in Skin Diseases. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:482498. [PMID: 21423681 PMCID: PMC3057028 DOI: 10.4061/2011/482498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are members of a new gene family of transmembrane and secreted proteins, which belong to the zinc proteinase superfamily. These molecules are involved in various biological events such as cell adhesion, cell fusion, cell migration, membrane protein shedding, and proteolysis. Growing evidence now attests to the potential involvement of ADAMs proteinases in diverse processes such as skin wound healing, inflammation, pigmentation, tumor development, cell proliferation, and metastasis. This paper focuses on the roles of ADAMs proteinases in a wide variety of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Ohtsuka T. Serum interleukin-6 level is reflected in elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol 2011; 37:801-6. [PMID: 20883364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.00883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic connective tissue disease of unknown etiology which presents immunological, vascular and connective tissue abnormalities. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 has been reported to be elevated in patients with SSc. Clinical and laboratory findings affecting the elevated level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were studied in patients with SSc. Clinical and laboratory findings also included serum IL-6 level. Thirty-nine SSc patients (male : female = 7:32, age 19-84 years, mean 62.6 years) were studied. hs-CRP was measured with a nephelometric assay. Serum IL-6 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distributions of hs-CRP showed that 18 cases (46.2%) were not elevated (<0.07 mg/dL), but 21 cases (53.8%) were (≥0.07 mg/dL). Alkaline phosphatase and IL-6 in SSc patients with elevated hs-CRP (291 ± 95 U/L, 3.23 ± 2.74 pg/mL) were significantly more elevated than those in not elevated patients (221 ± 75 U/L, 1.53 ± 1.12 pg/mL) (P < 0.02, P < 0.01). The correlation between hs-CRP level and IL-6 level in SSc patients was 0.687 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, elevated serum IL-6 levels are reflected in elevated hs-CRP levels in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ohtsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan.
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Xenobiotic exposure and autoimmune hepatitis. HEPATITIS RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2010; 2010:248157. [PMID: 21253536 PMCID: PMC3021850 DOI: 10.1155/2010/248157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although genetics contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases, it is clear that "environmental" factors are also required. These factors are thought to encompass exposure to certain drugs and environmental pollutants. This paper examines the mechanisms that normally maintain immune unresponsiveness in the liver and discusses how exposure to certain xenobiotics such as trichloroethylene may disrupt those mechanisms and promote autoimmune hepatitis.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the role of ADAM-17 in disease. Since its debut as the tumor necrosis factor converting enzyme (TACE), ADAM-17 has been reported to be an indispensible regulator of almost every cellular event from proliferation to migration. The central role of ADAM-17 in cell regulation is rooted in its diverse array of substrates: cytokines, growth factors, and their receptors as well as adhesion molecules are activated or inactivated by their cleavage with ADAM-17. It is therefore not surprising that ADAM-17 is implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, and is a promising target for future treatments. The specific role of ADAM-17 in the pathophysiology of these diseases is very complex and depends on the cellular context. To exploit the therapeutic potential of ADAM-17, it is important to understand how its activity is regulated and how specific organs and cells can be targeted to inactivate or activate the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gooz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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15
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Terao M, Murota H, Kitaba S, Katayama I. Tumor necrosis factor-α processing inhibitor-1 inhibits skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced murine model of scleroderma. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:38-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gutierrez M, Wortsman X, Filippucci E, De Angelis R, Filosa G, Grassi W. High-frequency sonography in the evaluation of psoriasis: nail and skin involvement. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2009; 28:1569-1574. [PMID: 19854972 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2009.28.11.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to show the potential of the latest sonographic equipment using high-frequency probes and a very sensitive power Doppler (PD) technique in depicting both skin and nail changes in patients affected by psoriasis. METHODS The study was conducted in 30 patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis clinically performed by an experienced dermatologist and 15 healthy participants, using a currently available sonography system equipped with a variable-frequency transducer ranging from 6 to 18 MHz and a Doppler frequency ranging from 7 to 14 MHz. RESULTS The images illustrated in this presentation are representative examples of the ability of sonography to show and characterize even minimal morphostructural and blood flow changes in patients with both psoriatic plaques and onychopathy. CONCLUSIONS This report provides pictorial evidence that high-resolution gray scale sonography with a PD technique is a real-time and noninvasive imaging technique that can be used as an adjunct to the clinical evaluation in assessing psoriatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwin Gutierrez
- Cattedra di Reumatologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Augusto Murri Hospital, Via dei Colli 52, 60035 Jesi, Ancona, Italy.
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Ohtsuka T. Relation between elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and anti-mitochondria antibody in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol 2008; 35:70-5. [PMID: 18271801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic connective tissue disease of unknown etiology which presents immunological, vascular and connective tissue abnormalities. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been used for the evaluation of inflammation in patients with infection and inflammatory diseases. Recently, high-sensitivity CRP has been shown to reflect mild and/or moderate inflammation for the prognosis of ischemic heart disease. High-sensitivity CRP was measured for the evaluation of mild and/or moderate inflammation in SSc. Forty SSc patients (male : female, 7:33; age, 16-78 years; mean, 61.9 years) were studied. High-sensitivity CRP was measured with a nephelometric assay. The detection limit was 0.0036 mg/dL, linearity from 0.015-1.5 mg/dL. The distribution of high-sensitivity CRP showed 26 cases (65.0%) low, three cases (7.5%) mild, four cases (10.0%) moderate, four cases (10.0%) high and three cases (7.5%) highest. The occurrence rate of anti-mitochondria antibody in high-sensitivity CRP elevated SSc patients (8/14, 57.1%) was significantly elevated compared with that of high-sensitivity CRP low SSc patients (3/26, 11.5%) (P < 0.01). These results led us to the conclusion that elevated high-sensitivity CRP shows relation to the occurrence of anti-mitochondria antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ohtsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
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Bohgaki T, Atsumi T, Koike T. Autoimmune disease after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Serwin AB, Sokolowska M, Chodynicka B. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-converting enzyme (TACE) and soluble TNF-alpha receptor type 1 in psoriasis patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2007; 23:130-4. [PMID: 17598866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2007.00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-converting enzyme (TACE) concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and its relationship with plasma concentration of soluble TNF-alpha receptor type 1 (sTNF-R1) and with the disease severity in psoriasis patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB). METHODS The study has been conducted among 40 patients with plaque-type psoriasis vulgaris: 23 had only skin lesions (PV) and 17 had co-existing, inactive, psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Control blood samples were obtained from 20 healthy subjects. The assessment of the severity of skin lesions (using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index - PASI), TACE and sTNF-R1 concentrations (using quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassays) have been performed at baseline (T 0) and after 20 NB-UVB irradiations (T 20). RESULTS The baseline sTNF-R1 and TACE concentrations in all patients was higher than that in controls (2.55 +/- 1.67 vs. 1.70 +/- 0.15 ng/ml, P<0.001, respectively, and 2.62 +/- 0.32 vs. 1.31 +/- 0.30 ng/ml, P<0.001, respectively). The sTNF-R1 and TACE concentrations were lower in PV than in PsA patients (2.47 +/- 0.16 vs. 2.65 +/- 0.13 ng/ml, and 2.52 +/- 0.22 vs. 2.76 +/- 0.39 ng/ml, P<0.05, respectively). The baseline PASI correlated with sTNF-R1 and to TACE concentrations (R=0.48 and 0.39, P<0.05, respectively). The sTNF-R1 correlated to TACE concentration (R=0.52, P<0.05). The significant decline in sTNF-R1 and TACE concentrations at T 20 was noticed, TACE reached control values (1.20 +/- 0.44 ng/ml in PV patients and 1.16 +/- 0.48 ng/ml in PsA patients, respectively). CONCLUSION TACE from PBMC can contribute to up-regulation of sTNF-R1 in patients with active psoriasis vulgaris and with psoriatic arthritis. It also can serve as a sensitive marker of the disease severity.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, overlap syndromes and other fibrosing syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006; 18:654-6. [PMID: 17053515 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328010f1cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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