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Genetics and Individual Predispositions in Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Genetics and Individual Predispositions in Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systematic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, are a group of diseases characterized by the activation of immune cells and excessive production of autoantibodies. Although the pathogenesis of these diseases is still not completely understood, studies have shown that multiple factors including genetics, environment and immune responses play important roles in the development and progression of the diseases. In China, there are great achievements in the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases during the last decades. These studies provide new insight to understand the diseases and also shed light on the development of novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
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Abstract
Increased physician prescribing of opioids to treat chronic nonprogressive pain has been accompanied by an increase in opioid addiction. Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%. Several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reports indicate that genetic risk for opioid addiction is conveyed by many alleles of small effect (odds ratios <1.5). These reports have detected alleles in potassium-ion-channel genes (KCNC1 and KCNG2) and in a glutamate receptor auxiliary protein (CNIH3). Additionally, a variant at the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), which regulates OPRM1 expression appears promising. In pharmacogenetics of opioid addictions, methadone dose may be regulated by variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), a methadone-metabolizing enzyme, and by a locus 300 kb 5' to OPRM1. A δ-opioid-receptor gene single-nucleotide polymorphism may predict treatment response to methadone versus buprenorphine. To achieve better progress, larger sample sizes are needed for GWAS research, including controls with chronic opioid exposure, but no addiction. Large clinical trials comparing effective pharmacotherapies for opioid addiction (naltrexone, methadone, and buprenorphine) are needed for pharmacogenetic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade Berrettini
- Karl E. Rickels Professor of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Beirne A, Stone RC, Miteva M. SnapshotDx Quiz: April 2018. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:e35. [PMID: 29579459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beirne
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine.
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Niehues H, Tsoi LC, van der Krieken DA, Jansen PAM, Oortveld MAW, Rodijk-Olthuis D, van Vlijmen IMJJ, Hendriks WJAJ, Helder RW, Bouwstra JA, van den Bogaard EH, Stuart PE, Nair RP, Elder JT, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J. Psoriasis-Associated Late Cornified Envelope (LCE) Proteins Have Antibacterial Activity. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28634035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Terminally differentiating epidermal keratinocytes express a large number of structural and antimicrobial proteins that are involved in the physical barrier function of the stratum corneum and provide innate cutaneous host defense. Late cornified envelope (LCE) genes, located in the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1, encode a family of 18 proteins of unknown function, whose expression is largely restricted to epidermis. Deletion of two members, LCE3B and LCE3C (LCE3B/C-del), is a widely-replicated psoriasis risk factor that interacts with the major psoriasis-psoriasis risk gene HLA-C*06. Here we performed quantitative trait locus analysis, utilizing RNA-seq data from human skin and found that LCE3B/C-del was associated with a markedly increased expression of LCE3A, a gene directly adjacent to LCE3B/C-del. We confirmed these findings in a 3-dimensional skin model using primary keratinocytes from LCE3B/C-del genotyped donors. Functional analysis revealed that LCE3 proteins, and LCE3A in particular, have defensin-like antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacterial taxa at low micromolar concentrations. No genotype-dependent effect was observed for the inside-out or outside-in physical skin barrier function. Our findings identify an unknown biological function for LCE3 proteins and suggest a role in epidermal host defense and LCE3B/C-del-mediated psoriasis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Danique A van der Krieken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick A M Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel A W Oortveld
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Rodijk-Olthuis
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiljan J A J Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W Helder
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Department of Drug Delivery Technology, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Department of Drug Delivery Technology, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Pajic P, Lin YL, Xu D, Gokcumen O. The psoriasis-associated deletion of late cornified envelope genes LCE3B and LCE3C has been maintained under balancing selection since Human Denisovan divergence. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:265. [PMID: 27919236 PMCID: PMC5139038 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common, 32kb deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C genes is strongly associated with psoriasis. We recently found that this deletion is ancient, predating Human-Denisovan divergence. However, it was not clear why negative selection has not removed this deletion from the population. RESULTS Here, we show that the haplotype block that harbors the deletion (i) retains high allele frequency among extant and ancient human populations; (ii) harbors unusually high nucleotide variation (π, P < 4.1 × 10-3); (iii) contains an excess of intermediate frequency variants (Tajima's D, P < 3.9 × 10-3); and (iv) has an unusually long time to coalescence to the most recent common ancestor (TSel, 0.1 quantile). CONCLUSIONS Our results are most parsimonious with the scenario where the LCE3BC deletion has evolved under balancing selection in humans. More broadly, this is consistent with the hypothesis that a balance between autoimmunity and natural vaccination through increased exposure to pathogens maintains this deletion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Pajic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Cooke 639, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yen-Lung Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Cooke 639, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Cooke 639, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Omer Gokcumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Cooke 639, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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Li D, Zhao H, Kranzler HR, Li MD, Jensen KP, Zayats T, Farrer LA, Gelernter J. Genome-wide association study of copy number variations (CNVs) with opioid dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1016-26. [PMID: 25345593 PMCID: PMC4330517 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms that have been associated with opioid dependence (OD) altogether account for only a small proportion of the known heritability. Most of the genetic risk factors are unknown. Some of the 'missing heritability' might be explained by copy number variations (CNVs) in the human genome. We used Illumina HumanOmni1 arrays to genotype 5152 African-American and European-American OD cases and screened controls and implemented combined CNV calling methods. After quality control measures were applied, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CNVs with OD was performed. For common CNVs, two deletions and one duplication were significantly associated with OD genome-wide (eg, P=2 × 10(-8) and OR (95% CI)=0.64 (0.54-0.74) for a chromosome 18q12.3 deletion). Several rare or unique CNVs showed suggestive or marginal significance with large effect sizes. This study is the first GWAS of OD using CNVs. Some identified CNVs harbor genes newly identified here to be of biological importance in addiction, whereas others affect genes previously known to contribute to substance dependence risk. Our findings augment our specific knowledge of the importance of genomic variation in addictive disorders, and provide an addiction CNV pool for further research. These findings require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA,Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Drive, Stafford Hall, Burlington, VT 05405, USA, Tel: +1 802 656 9838, Fax: +1 802 656 8749, E-mail:
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and VISN 4 MIRECC, Philadelphia VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming D Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin P Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Genomics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
In the past two decades, Chinese rheumatology has developed rapidly in terms of both clinical practice and basic research. Many rheumatology departments and divisions have been established, creating positions for more residents to join rheumatology practices. Numerous studies of rheumatic diseases have been published in recent years by Chinese rheumatologists and immunologists, supported by government funding that has dramatically increased over the past few years. These studies are focused mainly on epidemiology, mechanisms, early diagnosis and interventions of rheumatic diseases. Increasing numbers of national and international scientific activities in China, including research collaborations, education programmes and conferences have greatly helped the development of rheumatology. In this APLAR series article, the major, high-impact studies and latest developments in Chinese rheumatology are reviewed.
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Association of the late cornified envelope-3 genes with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:49-56. [PMID: 25697099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are genetically complex diseases with strong genetic evidence. Recently, susceptibility genes for Ps and PsA have been identified within the late cornified envelop (LCE) gene cluster, especially the cluster 3 (LCE3) genes. It is noteworthy that the deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C (LCE3C_LCE3B-del) is significantly associated with these two diseases. Gene-gene interactions between LCE3 genes and other genes are associated with Ps and PsA. LCE3 genes also have pleiotropic effect on some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Further studies need to focus on the potential function of LCE3 genes in the pathogenesis of Ps and PsA in the future.
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Zhou XJ, Cheng FJ, Zhu L, Lv JC, Qi YY, Hou P, Zhang H. Association of systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility genes with IgA nephropathy in a Chinese cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:788-97. [PMID: 24458077 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01860213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES One hypothesis states that IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a syndrome with an autoimmune component. Recent studies strongly support the notion of shared genetics between immune-related diseases. This study investigated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese cohort of patients with IgAN and in controls. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This study investigated whether SNP markers that had been reported to be associated with SLE were also associated with IgAN in a Chinese population. The study cohort consisted of 1194 patients with IgAN and 902 controls enrolled in Peking University First Hospital from 1997 to 2008. RESULTS Ninety-six SNPs mapping to 60 SLE loci with reported P values <1 × 10(-5) were investigated. CFH (P=8.41 × 10(-6)), HLA-DRA (P=4.91 × 10(-6)), HLA-DRB1 (P=9.46 × 10(-9)), PXK (P=3.62 × 10(-4)), BLK (P=9.32 × 10(-3)), and UBE2L3 (P=4.07 × 10(-3)) were identified as shared genes between IgAN and SLE. All associations reported herein were corroborated by associations at neighboring SNPs. Many of the alleles that are risk alleles for SLE are protective alleles for IgAN. By analyses of two open independent expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) databases, correlations between genotypes and corresponding gene expression were observed (P<0.05 in multiple populations), suggesting a cis-eQTL effect. From gene-expression databases, differential expressions of these genes were observed in IgAN. Additive interactions between PXK rs6445961 and HLA-DRA rs9501626 (P=1.51 × 10(-2)), as well as multiplicative interactions between CFH rs6677604 and HLA-DRB1 rs9271366 (P=1.77 × 10(-2)), and between HLA-DRA rs9501626 and HLA-DRB1 rs9271366 (P=3.23 × 10(-2)) were observed. Disease risk decreased with accumulation of protective alleles. Network analyses highlighted four pathways: MHC class II antigen presentation, complement regulation, signaling by the B-cell receptor, and ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation. CONCLUSION From this "systems genetics" perspective, these data provide important clues for future studies on pleiotropy in IgAN and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China
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Bassaganyas L, Riveira-Muñoz E, García-Aragonés M, González JR, Cáceres M, Armengol L, Estivill X. Worldwide population distribution of the common LCE3C-LCE3B deletion associated with psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:261. [PMID: 23594316 PMCID: PMC3639927 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence of the importance of copy number variants (CNV) in genetic diversity among individuals and populations, as well as in some common genetic diseases. We previously characterized a common 32-kb insertion/deletion variant of the PSORS4 locus at chromosome 1q21 that harbours the LCE3C and LCE3B genes. This variant allele (LCE3C_LCE3B-del) is common in patients with psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders from certain ethnic groups. Results Using array-CGH (Agilent 244 K) in samples from the HapMap and Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP) collections, we identified 54 regions showing population differences in comparison to Africans. We provided here a comprehensive population-genetic analysis of one of these regions, which involves the 32-kb deletion of the PSORS4 locus. By a PCR-based genotyping assay we characterised the profiles of the LCE3C_LCE3B-del and the linkage disequilibrium (LD) pattern between the variant allele and the tag SNP rs4112788. Our results show that most populations tend to have a higher frequency of the deleted allele than Sub-Saharan Africans. Furthermore, we found strong LD between rs4112788G and LCE3C_LCE3B-del in most non-African populations (r2 >0.8), in contrast to the low concordance between loci (r2 <0.3) in the African populations. Conclusions These results are another example of population variability in terms of biomedical interesting CNV. The frequency distribution of the LCE3C_LCE3B-del allele and the LD pattern across populations suggest that the differences between ethnic groups might not be due to natural selection, but the consequence of genetic drift caused by the strong bottleneck that occurred during “out of Africa” expansion.
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Bergboer JG, Zeeuwen PL, Schalkwijk J. Genetics of Psoriasis: Evidence for Epistatic Interaction between Skin Barrier Abnormalities and Immune Deviation. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2320-2331. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bergboer JGM, Umićević-Mirkov M, Fransen J, den Heijer M, Franke B, van Riel PLCM, Schalkwijk J, Coenen MJH. A replication study of the association between rheumatoid arthritis and deletion of the late cornified envelope genes LCE3B and LCE3C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32045. [PMID: 22384135 PMCID: PMC3285664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Two recent studies, in a Spanish and a Chinese population, point to an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk and the deletion of the Late Cornified Envelope (LCE) 3B and 3C genes (LCE3C_LCE3B-del), a known risk factor for psoriasis. We aimed to replicate these studies in a large Dutch cohort. Methods 1039 RA cases and 759 controls were genotyped for LCE3C_LCE3B-del. Association analysis was performed for the complete cohort and after stratification for the serologic markers anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor. A meta-analysis was performed combining our data with the Spanish and Chinese datasets, resulting in an analysis including 2466 RA cases and 2438 controls. Results In the Dutch cohort we did not observe a significant association of LCE3C_LCE3B-del (p = 0.093) with RA risk. A stratified analysis for the serologic positive and negative group did not show an association between the genetic variant and disease risk, either. The meta-analysis, however, confirmed a significant association (p<0.0001, OR = 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.47). Conclusion Our meta-analysis confirms the association of the LCE3 deletion with RA, suggesting that LCE3C_LCE3B-del is a common risk factor for (auto)immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G. M. Bergboer
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maša Umićević-Mirkov
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Fransen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet L. C. M. van Riel
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. H. Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Koebner Phenomenon in Psoriasis Is Not Associated with Deletion of Late Cornified Envelope Genes LCE3B and LCE3C. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:475-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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