Partial purification and characterisation of a synovial fluid inhibitor of osteoblasts

Determination of an Initial Stage of the Bone Tissue Ingrowth Into Titanium Matrix by Cell Adhesion Model

For achieving early intervention treatment to help patients delay or avoid joint replacement surgery, a personalized scaffold should be designed coupling the effects of mechanical, fluid mechanical, chemical, and biological factors on tissue regeneration, which results in time- and cost-consuming trial-and-error analyses to investigate the in vivo test and related experimental tests. To optimize the fluid mechanical and material properties to predict osteogenesis and cartilage regeneration for the in vivo and clinical trial, a simulation approach is developed for scaffold design, which is composed of a volume of a fluid model for simulating the bone marrow filling process of the bone marrow and air, as well as a discrete phase model and a cell impingement model for tracking cell movement during bone marrow fillings. The bone marrow is treated as a non-Newtonian fluid, rather than a Newtonian fluid, because of its viscoelastic property. The simulation results indicated that the biofunctional bionic scaffold with a dense layer to prevent the bone marrow flow to the cartilage layer and synovia to flow into the trabecular bone area guarantee good osteogenesis and cartilage regeneration, which leads to high-accuracy in vivo tests in sheep . This approach not only predicts the final bioperformance of the scaffold but also could optimize the scaffold structure and materials by their biochemical, biological, and biomechanical properties.

Arthroscopic Management of Scaphoid Nonunion

Arthroscopic bone grafting (ABG) in difficult scaphoid delayed union and nonunion allows thorough assessment and comprehensive management for scaphoid fracture and its sequelae. It provides a favorable biological environment for bony healing and produces minimal trauma to the soft tissues, aiding in rehabilitation. With adequate training and experience, high union rates and satisfactory clinical outcomes can be achieved. Poor blood supply of the scaphoid is not a contraindication to bone grafting; union rates over 80% have been reported, comparable to other existing surgical methods. This article discusses the rationale, surgical techniques, and results of ABG.