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McCallinhart PE, Chade AR, Bender SB, Trask AJ. Expanding landscape of coronary microvascular disease in co-morbid conditions: Metabolic disease and beyond. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 192:26-35. [PMID: 38734061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) and impaired coronary blood flow control are defects that occur early in the pathogenesis of heart failure in cardiometabolic conditions, prior to the onset of atherosclerosis. In fact, recent studies have shown that CMD is an independent predictor of cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients with obesity and metabolic disease. CMD is comprised of functional, structural, and mechanical impairments that synergize and ultimately reduce coronary blood flow in metabolic disease and in other co-morbid conditions, including transplant, autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and remote injury-induced CMD. This review summarizes the contemporary state-of-the-field related to CMD in metabolic and these other co-morbid conditions based on mechanistic data derived mostly from preclinical small- and large-animal models in light of available clinical evidence and given the limitations of studying these mechanisms in humans. In addition, we also discuss gaps in current understanding, emerging areas of interest, and opportunities for future investigations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E McCallinhart
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States of America.
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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Elfishawi MM, Kaymakci MS, Lo Y, Araoz PA, Koster MJ, Warrington KJ. Clinical Images: Sarcoidosis with concomitant aortitis and coronary arteritis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024; 6:201-202. [PMID: 38269608 PMCID: PMC11016566 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
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3
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Rose K, Iking-Konert C. [Secondary vasculitides]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 65:129-136. [PMID: 38265457 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Vasculitides that occur in association with underlying primary diseases are called secondary vasculitides. In the diverse differential diagnostics of vasculitides, a large variety of secondary vasculitides have to be considered. Secondary vasculitides cover the full spectrum of vasculitides, presenting in manifold clinical manifestations. This article provides an overview of systemic diseases and etiological factors, such as infections, drugs, and malignancies, which can be associated with vasculitides. The possible associations with infectious agents are too numerous to be comprehensively covered and are discussed in an exemplary fashion and with a western European focus. Especially in atypical and refractory disease courses, a secondary vasculitis should be considered. In light of the diversity of differential diagnoses and the particular challenges posed by secondary vasculitides, interdisciplinary collaboration is the key for an accurate and early diagnosis as well as for successful treatment management. Treatment of the primary disease should always be prioritized and, if a drug-induced vasculitis is suspected, immediate cessation of the culprit drug is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rose
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Stadtspital Zürich, Birmensdorferstraße 497, 8063, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - Christof Iking-Konert
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Stadtspital Zürich, Birmensdorferstraße 497, 8063, Zürich, Schweiz
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Kermani TA, Byram K. Isolated Aortitis: Workup and Management. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:523-543. [PMID: 37331731 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The finding of aortitis, often incidentally noted on surgical resection, should prompt evaluation for secondary causes including large-vessel vasculitis. In a large proportion of cases, no other inflammatory cause is identified and the diagnosis of clinically isolated aortitis is made. It is unknown whether this entity represents a more localized form of large-vessel vasculitis. The need for immunosuppressive therapy in patients with clinically isolated aortitis remains unclear. Patients with clinically isolated aortitis warrant imaging of the entire aorta at baseline and regular intervals because a significant proportion of patients have or develop abnormalities in other vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaz A Kermani
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California Los Angeles, 2020 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 540, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA.
| | - Kevin Byram
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, T3113, MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Seitz L, Seitz P, Pop R, Lötscher F. Spectrum of Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis in Adults: Primary Vasculitides, Arthritides, Connective Tissue, and Fibroinflammatory Diseases. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:352-370. [PMID: 36166150 PMCID: PMC9513304 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of large and medium vessel vasculitis in adults with primary vasculitides, arthritides, connective tissue, and fibroinflammatory diseases as well as vasculitis mimics, for an efficient differential diagnosis and initial diagnostic approach. Recent Findings Imaging has had a tremendous impact on the diagnosis of medium to large vessel vasculitis, now often replacing histopathologic confirmation and identifying new disease manifestations (e.g., intracranial disease in giant cell arteritis; vascular manifestations of IgG4-related disease). Novel diseases or syndromes involving blood vessels have been described (e.g., VEXAS-Syndrome with polychondritis). The use of the terms “medium” or “large” vessel varies considerably between medical specialties. Summary The differential diagnosis of large and medium vessel vasculitis is becoming increasingly complex as new entities or disease manifestations of known inflammatory rheumatic diseases are regularly identified. A more precise and widely recognized definition of the vessel sizes would make future research more comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Lötscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Kimbrough BA, Warrington KJ, Langenfeld HE, Crowson CS, Carmona EM, Virata AR, Koster MJ. Vasculitis in Patients With Sarcoidosis: A Single-Institution Case Series of 17 Patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:217-222. [PMID: 35319536 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vasculitis in patients with sarcoidosis is rare and can affect any sized blood vessel. Limited information describing this association is available. METHODS A single-institution medical records review study was performed reviewing all patients with a diagnosis code for sarcoidosis and vasculitis between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2019. Data were abstracted regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes from medical records. Patients were diagnosed with vasculitis based on biopsy and/or arterial imaging. Comparison between patients presenting with large and/or medium vessel vasculitis (L/MVV) versus patients with only small vessel vasculitis (SVV) was performed. RESULTS Seventeen patients were identified during the study period. Nine patients (56% female) had L/MVV, and 8 (50% female) had SVV. Sarcoidosis preceded vasculitis in 4 (44%) L/MVV and 3 (38%) SVV. The mean ± SD age at sarcoidosis diagnosis was 53.2 ± 17.8 and 51.9 ± 11.4 years, and the mean ± SD age at vasculitis diagnosis was 57.4 ± 19.6 and 59.0 ± 13.4 years in L/MVV and SVV, respectively. Number of organ systems involved by sarcoidosis was similar (median [interquartile range], 3 [1-4] L/MVV vs 2.5 [1.75-3.25] SVV). The mean length of follow-up was 11.5 ± 12.8 in L/MVV and 13.1 ± 14.3 years in SVV. Complete response to therapy for vasculitis was observed in 8 of 9 with L/MVV and 7 of 8 with SVV. Four patients with SVV were able to stop all immunosuppression as compared with only 1 patient with L/MVV at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This series observed a comparable number of patients with L/MVV and SVV. Although a variety of treatments were used, most patients achieved remission regardless of vessel size affected. Clinicians should be aware of the overlap between sarcoidosis and vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah E Langenfeld
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
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Ceschia N, Scheggi V, Marchionni N, Stefano P. Case report of a peculiar aneurysm of the ascending aorta: when there is much more beyond an incidental finding. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab205. [PMID: 34476336 PMCID: PMC8407484 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are common in male patients around the VI–VII decade of life and most have a degenerative aetiology; otherwise, the occurrence of this disease at a younger age should prompt the search of rarer causes. We report a singular case of ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a young man. Case summary A large AAA accompanied by multivessel dilatation and renal failure of unknown onset was incidentally found in a 23-year-old male during the diagnostic work-up after a car accident. A systemic disease was therefore suspected, and a full clinical investigation revealed the uncommon diagnosis of sarcoidosis accompanied by large vessel vasculitis. Discussion Only a few reports in the literature describe the concurrence of sarcoidosis and large vessel vasculitis (Takayasu arteritis), which may share non-specific immunoinflammatory abnormalities. This case underlines the importance of a multisystem diagnostic approach even in front of an incidental finding that is inconsistent with patient’s age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ceschia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Scheggi
- Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, AOU Careggi, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, AOU Careggi, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Stefano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, AOU Careggi, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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8
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From Neck Pain to Sarcoidosis: The Interesting Association. Case Rep Rheumatol 2021; 2021:6663519. [PMID: 33824771 PMCID: PMC7985240 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 31-year-old male patient, presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a 6-week history of left-sided lateral neck pain, along with a minor localized swelling. A few weeks after the beginning of his complaints, he contracted a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Upon examination, his aches were defined as carotidynia; thus, proper radiologic evaluation was carried out. While ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed evident signs of left common carotid (LCC) vasculitis, computed tomography angiography (CTA) and positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) scans revealed no vascular findings. Unexpected hypermetabolic hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was found on PET-CT, necessitating lymph node biopsy. Pathology results displayed noncaseating granulomas. Besides, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels in blood were high. Sarcoidosis, with concurrent LCC vasculitis, was diagnosed, and corticosteroid therapy was started. Shortly thereafter, remarkable recovery ensued.
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Hoffman MA, Ekladious A. Clinically isolated descending thoracic aortitis in a healthy older woman: a diagnostic challenge. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e238009. [PMID: 33602759 PMCID: PMC7896571 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A woman travelling to Australia in her early 70s presents to a regional emergency department with chest pain and associated shortness of breath. Her medical history was that of seasonal affective disorder treated with citalopram, and an allergy to ibuprofen. Subsequent CT imaging revealed aortic wall thickening and associated periaortic fluid, and a moderate pleural effusion. This was successfully treated with oral prednisolone, responding within 1 day. Further blood tests revealed a high CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, which can be seen in autoimmune disease, sarcoidosis and haematological malignancies. Without evidence for other autoimmune processes, the patient was given a provisional diagnosis of descending thoracic aortitis secondary to sarcoidosis, prescribed a weaning regimen of prednisolone, and asked to seek further investigation and management in her home country. This is a case with several learning points; rare disease can cause common presentations/reports, and sometimes empirical therapy is the only therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Amos Hoffman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adel Ekladious
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Kaufman KP, Becker ML. Distinguishing Blau Syndrome from Systemic Sarcoidosis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:10. [PMID: 33560445 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a framework to distinguish Blau syndrome/Early Onset Sarcoidosis and Sarcoidosis clinically. We also discuss relevant differences in genetics, pathogenesis, and management of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Blau syndrome and Sarcoidosis share the characteristic histologic finding of noncaseating granulomas as well as some similar clinical characteristics; nevertheless, they are distinct entities with important differences between them. Blau syndrome and Early Onset Sarcoidosis are due to one of numerous possible gain-of-function mutations in NOD2, commonly presenting before age 5 with a triad of skin rash, arthritis, and uveitis. However, as more cases are reported, expanded clinical manifestations have been described. In systemic Sarcoidosis, there are numerous susceptibility genes that have been identified, and disease is thought to result from an environmental exposure in a genetically susceptible host. It most often presents with constitutional symptoms and pulmonary involvement and typically affects adolescents and adults. This paper reviews the similarities and differences between Blau syndrome and Sarcoidosis. We also discuss the importance of distinguishing between them, particularly with regard to prognosis and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Kaufman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- CarolinaEast Internal Medicine, Pollocksville, NC, USA.
| | - Mara L Becker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Poudel J, Risal U, Sigdel KR, Paudyal BP, Adhikari S, Basnyat B. Case Report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:73. [PMID: 32885051 PMCID: PMC7450474 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15837.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Sarcoidosis, too, is an inflammatory disease. Both entities are granulomatous conditions with a questionable association in their etiopathogenesis. Only a few cases of their coexistence have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported from Nepal. We report a Nepalese woman who presented with non-productive cough, progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness of 3 years duration. She had a history of recurrent bilateral granulomatous uveitis over the previous 3 years. Examination revealed clubbing of digits, absent pulses over the left radial, ulnar and brachial arteries, and a weak pulse over the right arm including the bilateral carotid arteries. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A CT angiogram suggested large vessel vasculitis. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, negative for malignancy and tuberculosis. She was hence, diagnosed with co-existing Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis, and treated with Prednisolone 60 mg once daily with dramatic improvement over 4 days and was discharged stable on domiciliary oxygen. She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen. This case report highlights the importance of a proper physical examination as a guide to the use of modern technology in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, it should always come as the most important differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwan Poudel
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ujjwol Risal
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Sigdel
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Sudeep Adhikari
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Sharma S, Pandey NN, Sinha M, Chandrashekhara SH. Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Aortitis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43:1821-1836. [PMID: 32390100 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aortitis includes conditions with infectious or non-infectious etiology, characterized by inflammatory changes in one or more layers in aortic wall. Age at onset, geographic predilections, distribution and pattern of involvement in aorta, its branches and pulmonary arteries, and systemic associations provide a clue to etiology. Clinical presentations are often non-specific. An integrated approach including clinical, laboratory and imaging assessment is essential to confirm diagnosis and plan treatment. Assessment of disease activity is the key as it influences timing and outcome of treatment. Markers of activity include clinical, laboratory and imaging. Medical management remains the first-line therapy. Revascularization is indicated in the presence of hemodynamically significant stenosis and inactive disease. In the presence of flash pulmonary edema, left ventricular dysfunction or hypertensive encephalopathy, revascularization is performed irrespective of disease activity. Endovascular management is favored over surgery due to its high success and low restenosis rates. Symptomatic aneurysmal disease is usually managed by surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Niraj Nirmal Pandey
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mumun Sinha
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S H Chandrashekhara
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Poudel J, Risal U, Sigdel KR, Paudyal BP, Adhikari S, Basnyat B. Case Report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:73. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15837.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Sarcoidosis, too, is an inflammatory disease. Both entities are granulomatous conditions with a question of possible linkquestionable association in their etiopathogenesis. Only a few cases of their coexistence have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported from Nepal. We report a Nepalese woman who presented with non-productive cough, progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness of 3 years duration. She had a history of recurrent bilateral granulomatous uveitis over the previous 3 years. Examination revealed clubbing of digits, absent pulses over the left radial, ulnar and brachial arteries, and a weak pulse over the right arm including the bilateral carotid arteries. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A CT aortogram suggested large vessel vasculitis. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, negative for malignancy and tuberculosis. She was hence, diagnosed with co-existing Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis, and treated with Prednisolone 60 mg once daily with dramatic improvement over 4 days and was discharged stable on domiciliary oxygen. She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen. This case report highlights the importance of a proper physical examination as a guide to the use of modern technology in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, it should always come as the most important differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation.
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14
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Saha BK, Burns SL, Foulke LA, Judson MA. Coexistent Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the literature. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2019; 36:311-317. [PMID: 32476967 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v36i4.8667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Takayasu Arteritis (TAK) is a granulomatous large vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta, major aortic branches and pulmonary arteries resulting in pulselessness. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can affect any organ. Numerous cases of coexistence of both these rare diseases have been described, suggesting that their association may be by more than chance alone. Objective To describe a case of coexistent TAK and sarcoidosis and review the world literature concerning this condition. Methods The clinical presentation and diagnostic approach is described of a woman with TAK who developed sarcoidosis. The world literature was reviewed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar database for the terms 'Takayasu arteritis' and 'sarcoidosis'; 'Takayasu arteritis' and 'granuloma'; 'vasculitis' and 'sarcoidosis'; and 'vasculitis' and 'granuloma.' The identified individual articles were reviewed, and the bibliography of these articles were scrutinized to identify more cases. The pertinent clinical features of these cases were summarized. Result A 36-year-old Caucasian woman, who was diagnosed with histologically confirmed TAK at 22 years of age, was referred for evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established on histopathology of a mediastinal lymph node biopsy. A literature review identified 23 additional cases of coexisting sarcoidosis and TAK, and the clinical features of these cases is described. Conclusion TAK and sarcoidosis may occur in the same patient. Given the prevalence of these diseases, concomitant development of these two diseases is unlikely to be by chance alone and probably reflects a unifying mechanism. Clinicians should be aware of this association in patients in order to make a timely diagnosis and optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Saha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Stacey L Burns
- Division of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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Higuchi Y, Kimoto Y, Tanoue R, Tokunou T, Tomonari K, Maeda T, Horiuchi T. Cardiac Sarcoidosis Concomitant with Large-vessel Aortitis Detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography. Intern Med 2018; 57:1601-1604. [PMID: 29321427 PMCID: PMC6028683 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9652-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of concurrent cardiac sarcoidosis and large-vessel aortitis detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and followed up during immunosuppressive therapy. After high-dose prednisolone administration (1 mg/kg), serial FDG-PET showed that almost all of the abnormal FDG uptake in the heart and extracardiac region, including the abdominal to bilateral iliac arteries, had been disappeared. During the tapering of prednisolone, additive methotrexate therapy was needed to treat the recurrence of cardiac sarcoidosis. FDG-PET is a useful tool for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis concomitant with large-vessel aortitis and monitoring the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Higuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Japan
| | - Rika Tanoue
- Department of Radiology, Oita Diagnostic Imaging Center, Japan
| | - Tomotake Tokunou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahiko Horiuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Japan
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Chapelon-Abric C, Saadoun D, Marie I, Comarmond C, Desbois AC, Domont F, Savey L, Cacoub P. Sarcoidosis with Takayasu arteritis: a model of overlapping granulomatosis. A report of seven cases and literature review. Int J Rheum Dis 2017; 21:740-745. [PMID: 28791773 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the features of exceptional coexisting Takayasu arteritis (TA) and sarcoidosis, two conditions of unknown cause associated with a common immunologic pattern. METHODS We report seven cases of concomitant sarcoidosis-Takayasu or Takayasu-like vasculitis, observed in two referral centers between 1995 and 2015. RESULTS All patients were female. The mean age at sarcoidosis diagnosis and TA diagnosis was 36 and 37 years, respectively. Sarcoidosis occurred in 86% of cases before or together with TA. Sarcoidosis always had a classic expression except for one renal localization. Sarcoidosis was not severe and mostly non-treated (86%). In all cases of TA, supra-aortic arteries were involved; in only two TA cases a more diffuse inflammatory arterial involvement was noted. In one case, Takayasu arteritis occurred despite immunosuppressive therapy given for sarcoidosis. All patients received for TA a treatment with corticosteroids associated with methotrexate (four cases), infliximab (one case) or tocilizumab (one case). After a mean follow-up of 89 months, TA always improved and no death was observed. CONCLUSIONS TA stands as pathology associated with sarcoidosis. TA occurred in three cases among 50. When sarcoidosis preceded TA, a recovery of sarcoidosis was achieved mostly without treatment. TA is a prognostic and therapeutic factor. Immunosuppressive treatment, including steroids, led to a good prognosis for TA as well as for sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chapelon-Abric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Marie
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Rouen-Bois Guillaume, Rouen cedex, France
| | - Cloé Comarmond
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Anne Claire Desbois
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Domont
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Léa Savey
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,CNRS, FRE3632, Paris, France
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17
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Sharma A, Dhooria A, Aggarwal A, Rathi M, Chandran V. Connective Tissue Disorder-Associated Vasculitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2017; 18:31. [PMID: 27097818 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vasculitides secondary to connective tissue diseases are classified under the category of 'vasculitis associated with systemic disease' in the revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) nomenclature. These secondary vasculitides may affect any of the small, medium or large vessels and usually portend a poor prognosis. Any organ system can be involved and the presentation would vary depending upon that involvement. Treatment depends upon the type and severity of presentation. In this review, we describe secondary vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, relapsing polychondritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome and idiopathic inflammatory myositis, focusing mainly on recent advances in the past 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012.
| | - Aadhaar Dhooria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, 160012
| | - Manish Rathi
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, & Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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18
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19
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Rhanim A, Marc K. [Association of sarcoidosis and Takayasu's disease: A case report]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2016; 72:255-258. [PMID: 27133176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascular lesion of sarcoidosis is rare, it may precede, follow or occur with the symptoms of a Takayasu's disease. Many pathogenic mechanisms (infectious, genetic and immunological) participate in associating those two diseases. OBSERVATION We describe the case of a 24-year-old female patient, hospitalized for a check up for mediastinal and cervical adenopathies, nasal obstruction with intermittent claudication in the upper limbs evolving over eight months the clinic examination shows an abolition of radial pulses. The final diagnosis was sarcoidosis with mediastinal and peripheral lymphadenopathy and a nasal lesion associated to a Takayasu arteritis (4 ACR criteria for Takayasu disease). We noticed a good clinical and radiological evolution after one year of oral corticotherapy. CONCLUSION The association between sarcoidosis and Takayasu's disease remains rare, thus a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rhanim
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Moulay-Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, faculté de médecine, université Med V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - K Marc
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Moulay-Youssef, CHU Ibn Sina, faculté de médecine, université Med V, Rabat, Maroc.
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20
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Rousselin C, Pontana F, Puech P, Lambert M. Diagnostics différentiels des aortites inflammatoires. Rev Med Interne 2016; 37:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, Li S, Cao J, Wang YX, Bi YL, Xu ZJ, Huang H. Concurrence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu aortitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:851-2. [PMID: 25758287 PMCID: PMC4833997 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.152694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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22
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Yazdani Abyaneh MA, Raghu P, Kircher K, Kutzner H, Alison K, Carlson JA. Circumscribed cicatricial alopecia due to localized sarcoidal granulomas and single-organ granulomatous arteritis: a case report and systematic review of sarcoidal vasculitis. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 42:746-56. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Preethi Raghu
- Divisions of Dermatology and Dermatopathology; Albany Medical College; Albany NY USA
| | | | - Heinz Kutzner
- Dermatopathologie; Dermatopathologie Friedrichshafen; Friedrichshafen Germany
| | | | - John Andrew Carlson
- Divisions of Dermatology and Dermatopathology; Albany Medical College; Albany NY USA
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23
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Wang LW, Omari A, Emmett L, Jansz PC, Huilgol R, Rainer S, Subbiah RN. Granulomatous sarcoid aortitis: a serious complication of a well-known multisystem disease. Lancet 2015; 385:2014. [PMID: 26090647 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis W Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul C Jansz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravi Huilgol
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Rainer
- Department of Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajesh N Subbiah
- Department of Cardiology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Stone JR, Bruneval P, Angelini A, Bartoloni G, Basso C, Batoroeva L, Buja LM, Butany J, d'Amati G, Fallon JT, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Gouveia RH, Halushka MK, Kelly KL, Kholova I, Leone O, Litovsky SH, Maleszewski JJ, Miller DV, Mitchell RN, Preston SD, Pucci A, Radio SJ, Rodriguez ER, Sheppard MN, Suvarna SK, Tan CD, Thiene G, van der Wal AC, Veinot JP. Consensus statement on surgical pathology of the aorta from the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology: I. Inflammatory diseases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:267-78. [PMID: 26051917 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the aorta include routine atherosclerosis, aortitis, periaortitis, and atherosclerosis with excessive inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory atherosclerotic aneurysms. The nomenclature and histologic features of these disorders are reviewed and discussed. In addition, diagnostic criteria are provided to distinguish between these disorders in surgical pathology specimens. An initial classification scheme is provided for aortitis and periaortitis based on the pattern of the inflammatory infiltrate: granulomatous/giant cell pattern, lymphoplasmacytic pattern, mixed inflammatory pattern, and the suppurative pattern. These inflammatory patterns are discussed in relation to specific systemic diseases including giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's), rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Cogan syndrome, Behçet's disease, relapsing polychondritis, syphilitic aortitis, and bacterial and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L Maximilian Buja
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ornella Leone
- Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Patel SS, Mirzai-Tehrane M, Ott DA, Mortazavi A, Rashid H, Cheong BYC. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and sarcoidosis: rare presentation of an uncommon disease. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42:90-1. [PMID: 25873811 DOI: 10.14503/thij-13-3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Briceno N, Perera D, Chiribiri A, Chambers JB, Rajani R. Lord of the imaging rings - Takayasu's aortitis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 182:219-21. [PMID: 25577780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Briceno
- The Rayne Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Divaka Perera
- The Rayne Institute, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- Cardiovascular Division, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - John B Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Ronak Rajani
- Department of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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27
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Marzouk S, Hriz H, Jallouli M, Cherif Y, Bahloul Z. [Association sarcoidosis and Horton disease: report of a case]. Pan Afr Med J 2015. [PMID: 26213599 PMCID: PMC4506795 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.98.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
La sarcoïdose peut être associée à d'autres maladies inflammatoires. Elle est exceptionnellement associée à une maladie de Horton posant un problème nosologique sur le caractère fortuit ou non de cette association. Nous rapportons l'observation d'une patiente, âgée de 68 ans, chez qui le diagnostic de sarcoïdose avec atteinte rénale, hépatique, oculaire, articulaire et signes généraux a été retenu et ayant été traitée par corticothérapie avec une bonne évolution. 3 ans plus tard elle a présenté des céphalées fronto-temporales associées à une claudication massétérienne et un syndrome inflammatoire biologique. La biopsie de l'artère temporale a conclu à une artérite à cellules géantes. L’évolution a été favorable sous corticothérapie. L'association d'une maladie de Horton à une sarcoïdose suggère un lien éventuel entre ces deux affections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Marzouk
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Hela Hriz
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Moez Jallouli
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Yosra Cherif
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Zouhir Bahloul
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie
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28
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Maleszewski JJ. Inflammatory ascending aortic disease: Perspectives from pathology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:S176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Wicks EC, Menezes LJ, Elliott PM. Improving the diagnostic accuracy for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:223-36. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Ri G, Yoshikawa E, Shigekiyo T, Ishii R, Okamoto Y, Kakita K, Otsuka T, Morita H, Tsuji M, Moriwaki S, Daimon M, Katsumata T, Sohmiya K, Hoshiga M, Ishizaka N. Takayasu arteritis and ulcerative cutaneous sarcoidosis. Intern Med 2015; 54:1075-80. [PMID: 25948351 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to a refractory lower extremity ulcer. Occlusion of the bilateral superficial femoral arteries and a difference (>50 mmHg) in blood pressure between the bilateral upper limbs were noted. In addition to occlusion of the left subclavian artery and stenosis at the ostium of the right coronary artery, these findings led to a diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis. Furthermore, a biopsy of the ulcerated skin lesion localized on the fibular surface showed a non-caseating cutaneous granulomatous lesion resulting in the diagnosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis. The simultaneous occurrence of cutaneous sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis, albeit rare, should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangji Ri
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Japan
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31
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The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in large-vessel vasculitis: appropriateness of current classification criteria? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:687608. [PMID: 25328890 PMCID: PMC4190829 DOI: 10.1155/2014/687608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with clinical suspicion of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms and increased inflammatory parameters and may remain without diagnosis after routine diagnostic procedures. Both the nonspecificity of the radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG and the synergy of integrating functional and anatomical images with PET/CT offer substantial benefit in the diagnostic work-up of patients with clinical suspicion for LVV. A negative temporal artery biopsy, an ultrasonography without an arterial halo, or a MRI without aortic wall thickening or oedema do not exclude the presence of LVV and should therefore not exclude the use of 18F-FDG PET/CT when LVV is clinically suspected. This overview further discusses the notion that there is substantial underdiagnosis of LVV. Late diagnosis of LVV may lead to surgery or angioplasty in occlusive forms and is often accompanied by serious aortic complications and a fatal outcome. In contrast to the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for vasculitis, based on late LVV effects like arterial stenosis and/or occlusion, 18F-FDG PET/CT sheds new light on the classification of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TA). The combination of these observations makes the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of patients suspected for having LVV promising.
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32
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Marley WD, Booth K, Jeganathan R. Sarcoidosis or acute coronary syndrome: Easily distinguishable? Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014; 24:54-6. [PMID: 24899043 DOI: 10.1177/0218492314538036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare presenting feature of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We describe such a case which resolved with thrombolysis, and on further investigation, the patient was found to have a large sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Abnormal gross pathology at the time of surgery was suspected to be aortitis which was only confirmed on postmortem examination 6 months later. We highlight the importance of working closely with a pathologist when aortitis is suspected, because failure to treat it medically results in a poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Booth
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Reuben Jeganathan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
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33
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Chougule A, Bal A, Das A, Jain S, Bahl A. Uncommon associations and catastrophic manifestation in Takayasu arteritis: an autopsy case report. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:313-6. [PMID: 24908552 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis, a chronic inflammatory vasculitis affecting aorta and its major branches, is complicated by stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The aneurysm formation and subsequent complications such as heart failure, aortic regurgitation, and aneurysm rupture can be fatal. The aortic aneurysm rupture is a rare and fatal complication with only a few cases reported in the English literature. The involvement of coronary artery in Takayasu occurs in about 10% patients, and the coronary artery aneurysm is the least common manifestation. Here, we describe a case of Takayasu arteritis with abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture and coronary artery aneurysm. This patient also had associated systemic inflammatory diseases like sarcoidosis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chougule
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, (PGIMER), Sector - 12, Chandigarh- 160012, India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, (PGIMER), Sector - 12, Chandigarh- 160012, India.
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, (PGIMER), Sector - 12, Chandigarh- 160012, India
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, (PGIMER), Sector - 12, Chandigarh- 160012, India
| | - Ajay Bahl
- Department of Cardiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, (PGIMER), Sector - 12, Chandigarh- 160012, India
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedal Omran
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital; Charles University in Prague; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital; Charles University in Prague; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Krbal
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital; Charles University in Prague; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vojacek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital; Charles University in Prague; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mandak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital; Charles University in Prague; Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
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35
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Los Arcos-Bertiz I, Santos-Ortega A, Rodriguez Palomares J, Juanos-Iborra M, Bujan-Rivas S, Tornos-Mas P, Martinez-Valle F. A 72-Year-Old Man With Dyspnea, Circumferential Aortic Thickening, and Weight Loss. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 65:2056-61. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Rafiq I, Nadig V, Freeman LJ. Sarcoidosis, microvascular angina and aortitis: New dimensions of the 'Takayasu syndrome' - A case report. Int J Angiol 2012; 16:113-4. [PMID: 22477304 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1278261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of Takayasu aortitis associated with sarcoidosis presenting with recurrent angina is reported. This association has been called 'Takayasu syndrome', which reflects what is likely a shared etiology. Myocardial perfusion abnormalities have recently been documented in sarcoidosis, but this case clarifies for the first time that the angina in Takayasu syndrome is likely due to small vessel coronary arteritis. Corticosteroids and cytotoxic therapy have been shown to be beneficial in all forms of sarcoidosis related to vasculitis. Initiation of steroid therapy may provide relief of angina in patients with evidence of reversible ischemia in normal coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma Rafiq
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
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37
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Takayasu arteritis initially mimicking infective endocarditis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2011; 3:e2011040. [PMID: 22084654 PMCID: PMC3212972 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2011.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects large vessels, predominantly the aorta and its main branches, leading to vessel wall thickening, fibrosis and stenosis. Cardiac and vascular symptoms are also commonly present at disease onset. In TA with thoracic or abdominal involvement, although murmur can be present at physical examination, the pulse difference may be absent. Here, we report a case of TA who initially resembled infective endocarditis and had widespread thoracic murmur.
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Ishii A, Hoshii Y, Nakashima T, Umemoto S, Nakamura H, Tanaka N, Matsuzaki M, Ikeda E. Sarcoidosis with pulmonary hypertension exacerbated by Takayasu-like large vessel vasculitis. Pathol Int 2011; 61:546-50. [PMID: 21884305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 72-year-old male visited the hospital with a complaint of dyspnea. Under the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic thrombotic and/or embolic disease, this patient received anti-coagulant therapy. Unfortunately, the respiratory state deteriorated and died 34 days after admission. At autopsy, noncaseating granulomas, which were diagnostic of sarcoidosis, were found in bilateral enlarged hilar lymph nodes, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, testis and epididymis. In pulmonary vasculature, the following three kinds of lesions were observed; (i) sarcoid granulomatous vasculitis at the peripheral arteries and veins, (ii) intimal fibrous lesions ubiquitously found in proximal and peripheral arteries which were thought to be organized thromboemboli, (iii) Takayasu-like large vessel vasculitis with a huge fresh mural thrombus narrowing the lumen of most proximal portion of right pulmonary artery. Autopsy findings indicate that chronic sustained PH state in this patient was attributable to thrombotic and/or thromboembolic disease, and Takayasu-like vasculitis with thrombus played a role in the final deterioration of respiratory state through exacerbation of PH. In sarcoidosis patients, vasculitic lesions which can be formed in both small and large pulmonary arteries must be raised as the differential diagnosis for the initial cause of PH as well as the accelerating factor of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Schmidt J, Sunesen K, Kornum JB, Duhaut P, Thomsen RW. Predictors for pathologically confirmed aortitis after resection of the ascending aorta: a 12-year Danish nationwide population-based cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R87. [PMID: 21676237 PMCID: PMC3218902 DOI: 10.1186/ar3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessing the prevalence of, and predictors for, pathologically-confirmed inflammation of the aorta in Denmark, using a nationwide population-based study design. Methods We identified all adults with first-time surgery on the ascending aorta between January 1, 1997 and March 1, 2009 in Denmark. Presence of aortic inflammation was ascertained through linkage to a nationwide pathology registry. We used logistic regression to compute prevalence odds ratios (ORs) for sex, age at surgery, cardiovascular risk factors, cancer, connective tissue disease, and infectious diseases associated with the presence of aortitis. Results A total of 1,210 adults underwent resection of the ascending aorta, of who 610 (50.4%) had tissue submitted for pathological examination. Aortitis was found in 37 (6.1%) patients whose tissue was examined. Ten of the 37 patients were diagnosed with conditions known to be associated with aortitis or aortic aneurysm: five patients with temporal arteritis, one with Crohn's disease, one with rheumatoid arthritis, one with systemic lupus erythematosus, one with infectious aortitis, and one with Marfan's disease. Twenty-seven patients had idiopathic aortitis. Predictors of aortitis included history of connective tissue disease (adjusted OR 4.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6, 13.6), diabetes (OR 5.2, 95% CI 0.9, 29.7), advanced age (> 67 years OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.8, 7.6), and aortic valve pathology (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 4.9). Conclusions Aortitis was present in 6.1% of adults in Denmark who had pathological examination after resection of the ascending aorta. Predictors of inflammation included connective tissue disease, diabetes, advanced age, and aortic valve pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg Hospital Science and Innovation Center, Sdr, Skovvej 15, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Hamzaoui A, Salem R, Klii R, Harzallah O, Berriche O, Golli M, Mahjoub S. Co-existing sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis: report of a case. Int Arch Med 2011; 4:9. [PMID: 21345227 PMCID: PMC3050744 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic vasculitis of unknown origin, affecting mainly the aorta and its main branches. As a result of the inflammation, stenosis, occlusion or dilatation of the involved vessels may occur and cause a wide range of symptoms. It has been described in association with various auto-immune disorders (mainly inflammatory digestive tract diseases). However, only few cases of TA associated with sarcoidosis have been reported, raising the question of an association by chance. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 34 year-old woman, with one year history of sarcoidosis, who presented with asymmetric high hypertension revealing inflammatory humeral, axillary and subclavian arteritis related to TA, successfully treated by steroid and immunosuppressive therapy(MethotrexateR). CONCLUSION TA and sarcoidosis may be related, rising the hypothesis that TA or Takayasu arteritis-like granulomatous vasculitis may be, in fact, a complication of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hamzaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine- Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital- Monastir- Tunisia.
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Izumikawa K, Motoi N, Takaya H, Miyamoto A, Eishi Y, Yoshimura K, Kishi K. A case of concurrent sarcoidosis, aortitis syndrome and Crohn's disease. Intern Med 2011; 50:2915-7. [PMID: 22129508 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.50.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest radiography. He had been under medication for aortitis syndrome and Crohn's disease for 12 years. Surgical biopsy from the anterior segment of the left upper lobe and mediastinal lymph nodes was performed under video-assisted thoracoscopy. Histopathological examination revealed epithelioid cell granulomas without caseous necrosis, compatible with sarcoidosis. Full sequence analysis of the CARD15 gene, which is reportedly related to the formation of granulomatous lesions in Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis revealed no mutation of CARD15 gene. This is the first report of concurrent sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease and aortitis syndrome in an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Center, Toranomon Hospital, Japan.
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Isolated thoracic aortitis: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 20:352-60. [PMID: 21036629 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated thoracic aortitis (ITA) is diagnosed in a variable proportion of patients operated on for dilation/aneurysm of ascending aorta. The etiopathogenesis of ITA remains unclear. We studied 11 cases of ITA in order to determine the role of IgG4-mediated immune responses in its pathogenesis. The series included nine women and two men aged 52-79 years. All patients developed aortic incompetence due to dilation/aneurysm of ascending aorta. None of the patients had a history of IgG4-related disease neither did they develop features of such disease during the follow-up period. The microscopic findings included the presence of lymphoplasmacellular fibrosing infiltrate of varied intensity involving the adventitia and media of aorta. This inflammation was associated with severe medial elastic fiber defects. Obliterative phlebitis of the vasa vasorum was absent. Immunohistochemically, the inflammatory infiltrate comprised T- and B-lymphocytes as well as plasma cells. The plasma cell population was polyclonal with a predominance of IgG-producing cells. In all the cases, IgG4-producing plasma cells were detected. In five cases, the count exceeded 20 cells per high-power field. The IgG4/IgG ratio ranged from 0.07 to 0.98 (median 0.55). In six cases with the ratio >0.50, severe adventitial fibrosis was present. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study focused on investigating the role of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the development of ITA. Our results suggest that a subset of ITA may represent aortic manifestation of IgG4-related disease. Further research is necessary in order to clarify this issue.
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Unusual cardiovascular manifestations of sarcoidosis, a report of three cases: coronary artery aneurysm with myocardial infarction, symptomatic mitral valvular disease, and sudden death from ruptured splenic artery. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 19:e119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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More than meets the eye. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010; 40:324-9. [PMID: 20541239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 27-year-old woman was hospitalized with fever and visual changes. She had been well until nine months earlier when she developed unilateral blurry vision in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination revealed bilateral acute anterior uveitis. She was treated with topical steroids and her vision returned to baseline. However, over the next few months, she developed debilitating fatigue and experienced an unintentional fifteen pound weight loss. One month prior to presentation, she noted the onset of daily low grade fevers and chills. On the day of admission, she developed a temperature of 103°F and a severe frontal headache. Here we describe a case where the overlap of clinical features led to an initially broad differential diagnosis of seemingly unrelated diseases. Ultimately, the discovery of a key radiographic finding allowed us to more clearly define the diagnosis.
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[Large-vessel granulomatous vasculitis during the course of sarcoidosis: Takayasu's arteritis?]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010; 136:890-3. [PMID: 20004315 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular involvement in sarcoidosis is very rare and is characterized by preferential involvement of large vessels similar to that observed in Takayasu's disease. Distinguishing between these two diseases is often difficult and constitutes a diagnostic pitfall. The association between sarcoidosis and Takayasu's arteritis is not coincidental and a common physiopathological factor may exist; it suggests a possible aetiopathogenetic relationship between sarcoidosis and Takayasu's arteritis and casts doubt on whether this form of vasculitis is a disease in its own right or simply a syndrome caused by other diseases. CASE REPORT We report the case of a man with a 10-year history of cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis who developed ischaemia of the right upper limb evocative of Takayasu's arteritis. The patient was successfully treated with oral steroids and methotrexate. DISCUSSION This case prompts discussion about the relationship between Takayasu's disease and sarcoidosis. Physicians should be aware of the possible occurrence of granulomatous arteritis during the course of sarcoidosis which requires a special work-up.
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Stone JH, Khosroshahi A, Deshpande V, Stone JR. IgG4-related systemic disease accounts for a significant proportion of thoracic lymphoplasmacytic aortitis cases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62:316-22. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Stone JH, Khosroshahi A, Hilgenberg A, Spooner A, Isselbacher EM, Stone JR. IgG4-related systemic disease and lymphoplasmacytic aortitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:3139-45. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Both M, Moosig F, Gross WL, Heller M. [Large-vessel vasculitis. Imaging and interventional therapy]. Radiologe 2009; 49:947-63; quiz 964-5. [PMID: 19330311 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-008-1817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis are classified as primary large-vessel vasculitides. Inflammatory cell infiltrates and cytokines induce destruction and hyperplasia of the vessel wall, leading to stenoses or aneurysms. When extracranial large arteries are involved, there is often a similar clinical and radiologic disease pattern of an inflammatory aortic arch syndrome. Rare causes of large-vessel vasculitis include Behçet's disease, association with other autoimmune diseases, and infection. Depending on the localization, imaging is usually performed by means of duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or positron emission tomography. These imaging modalities are used not only to establish the diagnosis but also to determine the disease extent and activity and to perform follow-up in the course of medical therapy. Angiography offers the option to perform interventional therapy for vascular stenoses and occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Both
- Klinik für Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland.
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