Transillumination: shining a light from within

A Case of Neurofibroma in the Supraumbilical Region Undergoing Cystic Myxomatous Degeneration: An Unusual Presentation

Primary umbilical neoplasms are exceptionally rare. Neurofibromas histologic findings vary from collagenous to myxoid matrix according to the neoplastic elements differentiation. We present a case of neurofibroma in the supraumbilical region undergoing cystic myxomatous degeneration. A 75-year-old female presented to the department with a complaint of swelling above the umbilicus for the last three years. The swelling was excised and grossly was a single, irregular, reddish-yellow cystic mass measuring 4.5 × 4 x 3 cm. On the cut section, cystic jelly-like areas were identified, and histopathological features were suggestive of neurofibroma undergoing cystic myxomatous degeneration. The diagnosis needed to be combined with pathological examination, and careful consideration during the surgical intervention was important to confirm there was no residue.

Classifying Hydroceles of the Pelvis and Groin: An Overview of Etiology, Secondary Complications, Evaluation, and Management

INTRODUCTION

A hydrocele is defined as the pathological buildup of serous fluid in the pelvis and groin due to various etiologies such as diseases or trauma. It has distinct clinical manifestations, particularly discomfort and psychosocial distress. Understanding the anatomy, embryology, and physiology associated with hydrocele formation is crucial to understand its onset and progression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A MEDLINE^® search was conducted using keywords for the relevant classification of hydrocele and its etiology, complications, sexual barriers, evaluation, and management.

RESULTS

Appropriately classifying the hydrocele as primary, secondary communicating, secondary noncommunicating, microbe-induced, inflammatory, iatrogenic, trauma-induced, tumor-induced, canal of Nuck, congenital, and giant is important for identifying the underlying etiology. Often this process is overlooked when the classification or etiology is too rare. A focused evaluation is important for this, so that timely management can be provided. We comprehensively review the classifications, etiology, and secondary complications of hydrocele. Pitfalls of current diagnostic techniques are explored along with recommended methods for accurate diagnosis and current treatment options.

CONCLUSION

Due to the range of classifications and etiologies of hydrocele in the pelvis and groin, a deliberate differential diagnosis is essential to avoiding imminent life-threatening complications as well as providing the appropriate treatment.