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Suzuki S, Takahashi N, Sugo M, Ishiwata K, Ishida A, Watanabe S, Igarashi K, Ruike Y, Naito K, Fujimoto M, Koide H, Imamura Y, Sakamoto S, Ichikawa T, Kubota Y, Wada T, Yamazaki Y, Sasano H, Ikeda JI, Tatsuno I, Yokote K. Challenges in the diagnosis of the enigmatic primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma: two case reports and review of the literature. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:276. [PMID: 38110958 PMCID: PMC10726553 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is a rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor derived from the smooth muscle wall of a central adrenal vein or its tributaries; therefore, tumors tend to invade the inferior vena cava and cause thrombosis. The great majority of tumors grow rapidly, which makes the disease difficult to diagnose in its early clinical stages and needs differentiation from adrenocortical carcinomas for the selection of chemotherapy including mitotane which causes adrenal insufficiency. CASE PRESENTATION We presented two patients with adrenal leiomyosarcoma who were referred to our hospital with abdominal pain and harboring large adrenal tumors and inferior vena cava thrombosis. The endocrine findings, including serum catecholamine levels, were unremarkable. These two patients were considered clinically inoperable, and CT-guided core needle biopsy was performed to obtain the definitive histopathological diagnosis and determine the modes of therapy. The masses were subsequently diagnosed as primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma based on the histological features and positive immunoreactivity for SMA (smooth muscle actin), desmin, and vimentin. CONCLUSIONS Adrenal leiomyosarcoma derived from the smooth muscle wall of a central adrenal vein or its tributaries is rare but should be considered a differential diagnosis in the case of nonfunctioning adrenal tumors extending directly to the inferior vena cava. CT-guided biopsy is considered useful for histopathological diagnosis and clinical management of patients with inoperable advanced adrenal tumors without any hormone excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sugo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ishiwata
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishida
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Suzuka Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsushi Igarashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yutaro Ruike
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kumiko Naito
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujimoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Koide
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubota
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tatsuno
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Pérez-de-Villar JM, Arjona-Sanchez A, Rufián-Andujar B, Valenzuela-Molina F, Sánchez-Hidalgo JM, Rodriguez-Ortiz L, Casado-Adam A, Viyuela-García C, Rufián-Peña S, Caro-Cuenca T, Moreno-Vega A, Briceño-Delgado J. Surgical treatment of vena cava leiomyosarcomas: Series of cases in a referral center and literature review. Cir Esp 2022; 100:481-487. [PMID: 35597419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary tumors of the inferior vena cava are rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. They arise from the smooth muscles of the vena cava wall. Due to its low prevalence, there are few definitive data on its treatment and prognosis. Its treatment is based on general oncological principles. METHODS A series of 6 cases operated from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. Different parameters related to the demographic characteristics, the tumor, the treatment received, and the results obtained in survival and morbidity were analyzed. In addition, a bibliographical review of the currently available evidence was carried out. RESULTS Optimal surgical resection was accomplished in all patients with R0 in 4/6 and R1 in 2/6. The greatest morbidity occurred in a patient who died in the intraoperative period. Cavorraphy was performed in one patient and cavoplasty in 5/6 using cryopreserved graft in 3/6 and prothesis in 2/6. The 50% were still alive at the end of the follow-up (with a mean follow-up of 10.7 months). The mean survival was 11.3 ± 9.07 months. 3/6 patients presented hematogenous recurrences with a disease-free interval of 9 ± 2 months. CONCLUSION The diagnosis and treatment of inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma is still a challenge. Due to its low prevalence, it will be difficult to establish a totally standardized treatment and its approach is recommended in specialized centers. On the other hand, a multicentric study should be made to collect the most cases as possible in order to advance in the understanding of the approach to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Casado-Adam
- Unidad de Cirugía Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Teresa Caro-Cuenca
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Moreno-Vega
- Unidad de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Rodríguez Escobedo R, Ares Blanco J, Lanes Iglesias S, Fernández Fernández LM, Menéndez Torre EL. Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma: A case report. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:516-517. [PMID: 34863418 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rodríguez Escobedo
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Jessica Ares Blanco
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición, Diabetes y Obesidad (ENDO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
| | - Soraya Lanes Iglesias
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Edelmiro Luis Menéndez Torre
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición, Diabetes y Obesidad (ENDO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)
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Rodríguez Escobedo R, Ares Blanco J, Lanes Iglesias S, Fernández Fernández LM, Menéndez Torre EL. Leiomiosarcoma suprarrenal primario: a propósito de un caso. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Sakellariou M, Dellaportas D, Peppa M, Schizas D, Pikoulis E, Nastos K. Review of the Literature on Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma of the Adrenal Gland: A Systematic Analysis of Case Reports. In Vivo 2021; 34:2233-2248. [PMID: 32871746 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To date few cases of smooth muscle-derived tumors of the adrenal gland have been reported and their treatment remains a medical challenge. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the literature and present the tumor characteristics and their management in order to provide a standardized approach to their diagnosis and management. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Google scholar) for relevant articles published until March 2020. RESULTS Twenty-two cases of adrenal leiomyoma, four cases of adrenal smooth muscle tumor and forty-five cases of adrenal leiomyosarcoma were included. CONCLUSION We present the demographic, clinical, radiological, pathological and oncological characteristics and prognosis of tumors of the adrenal gland arising from smooth muscle cells, as well as describe the common clinical investigations and therapeutic modalities that have been reported as part of their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sakellariou
- Third Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Dellaportas
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Peppa
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- Third Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Nastos
- Third Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Pérez-de-Villar JM, Arjona-Sanchez A, Rufián-Andujar B, Valenzuela-Molina F, Sánchez-Hidalgo JM, Rodriguez-Ortiz L, Casado-Adam A, Viyuela-García C, Rufián-Peña S, Caro-Cuenca T, Moreno-Vega A, Briceño-Delgado J. Surgical treatment of vena cava leiomyosarcomas: Series of cases in a referral center and literature review. Cir Esp 2021; 100:S0009-739X(21)00179-2. [PMID: 34148656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary tumors of the inferior vena cava are rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. They arise from the smooth muscles of the vena cava wall. Due to its low prevalence, there are few definitive data on its treatment and prognosis. Its treatment is based on general oncological principles. METHODS A series of six cases operated from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed. Different parameters related to the demographic characteristics, the tumor, the treatment received, and the results obtained in survival and morbidity were analyzed. In addition, a bibliographical review of the currently available evidence was carried out. RESULTS Optimal surgical resection was accomplished in all patients with R0 in 4/6 and R1 in 2/6. The greatest morbidity occurred in a patient who died in the intraoperative period. Cavography was performed in one patient and cavoplasty in 5/6 using cryopreserved graft in 3/6 and prothesis in 2/6. The 50% were still alive at the end of the follow-up (with a mean follow-up of 10.7 months). The mean survival was 11.3±9.07 months. 3/6 patients presented hematogenous recurrences with a disease-free interval of 9±2 months. CONCLUSION The diagnosis and treatment of inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma is still a challenge. Due to its low prevalence, it will be difficult to establish a totally standardized treatment and its approach is recommended in specialized centers. On the other hand, a multicentric study should be made to collect the most cases as possible in order to advance in the understanding of the approach to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Casado-Adam
- Unidad de Cirugía Oncológica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | | | | | - Teresa Caro-Cuenca
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | - Alberto Moreno-Vega
- Unidad de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
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Wang Y, Teng Y, Na S, Yuan Y. Pleomorphic Leiomyosarcoma of the Adrenal Gland in a Young Woman: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4705-4713. [PMID: 32547099 PMCID: PMC7263850 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s254162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma usually arises in the uterus, abdominal and urologic viscera, and walls of large and small blood vessels. However, primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare with only 39 cases previously reported in English-language literature. We report a case of a 29-year-old previously healthy woman with an incidentally found right adrenal-occupying lesion. CT scan revealed a right adrenal mass measuring 3.3×3.4 cm in size. The tumor was successfully removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Postoperative histopathologic examination showed spindle cells arranged in interlacing fascicles with pleomorphism and a high mitotic rate. An immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining for SMA, desmin, vimentin and H-caldesmon, and the diagnosis of a well-differentiated adrenal leiomyosarcoma was established. The patient received no other oncological treatment after surgery and currently has no evidence of residual disease or tumor recurrence according to imaging follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Na
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma Presenting with Chest Wall Nodule: a Histological Insight in an Intriguing Case. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:118-120. [PMID: 33088145 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Jabarkhel F, Puttonen H, Hansson L, Muth A, Ragnarsson O. Primary Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma: Clinical, Radiological, and Histopathological Characteristics. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa055. [PMID: 32537544 PMCID: PMC7278282 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma (PAL) is a rare, high-grade proliferating mesenchymal tumor with a considerable risk of metastasis, deriving from the smooth muscle wall of a central adrenal vein, or its tributaries. Roughly 40 patients with PAL have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present 3 patients with incidentally discovered PAL, along with an overview of the current knowledge on the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Jabarkhel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and The Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henri Puttonen
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Hansson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Muth
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Ragnarsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and The Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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