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Choroidal and Retinal Vascular Findings in Patients with COVID-19 Complicated with Pneumonia: Widefield Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061114. [PMID: 36980424 PMCID: PMC10047816 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze choroidal and retinal vascular alterations of both the macula and midperiphery areas in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection complicated with pneumonia within 30 days from discharge. Methods: A total of 46 eyes of 23 subjects with a history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection and recent hospitalization for pneumonia were enrolled in this observational study. Patients had not been previously vaccinated against COVID-19. A group of patients homogenous for age and sex was enrolled as controls. Microvascular retinal and choroidal features of the enrolled patients were studied with widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Perfusion parameters in terms of the vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode OCT scans were analyzed. Results: Our cohort of patients showed a trend of reduction in VD, significantly in the SCP VD of the superior and inferior midperiphery sectors, whereas the CVI did not show significant differences between the cases and controls. Moreover, a positive correlation between CVI and vessel density in the deep capillary plexus in the macular area (VD-DCP-MAC) was found. Conclusion: The systemic disease due to COVID-19 can also involve the retina and choroid with multiple mechanisms: ischemic and inflammatory. Our study showed changes in perfusion occurring in the eyes of patients with a recent hospitalization for COVID-19 complicated with pneumonia and without any possible ocular effect due to the vaccines. There is still the need to better comprise how long COVID-19 actually affects vascular changes in the eye.
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Markan A, Ayyadurai N, Singh R. Tacrolimus Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) Presenting as Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:231-232. [PMID: 34855579 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1998549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This report highlights the association of tacrolimus use with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). A 27-year-old woman, a known case of diffuse proliferative membranous glomerulonephritis, developed abnormal body movements, loss of consciousness, and blurring of vision in the left eye, after 3 months of starting tacrolimus. Blood investigations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, raised urea and creatinine levels, and raised LDH levels. A diagnosis of tacrolimus induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was made. Ocular examination revealed a reddish-brown petaloid retinal lesion, which was better appreciated on red-free imaging as dark grey area pointing towards the fovea. OCT-A and SD-OCT revealed flow voids in deep retinal plexus, and disruption of ellipsoid and interdigitation zone, respectively, findings consistent with AMN. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of association of tacrolimus with AMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Markan
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nikitha Ayyadurai
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Cabral D, Ramtohul P, Zatreanu L, Galhoz D, Leitao M, Nogueira V, Sarraf D, Freund KB. Deep Capillary Plexus Features in Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy: Novel Insights Based on the Anatomy of Henle Fiber Layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:4. [PMID: 36469026 PMCID: PMC9730735 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify a precise location of deep capillary plexus (DCP) injury in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) lesions using multimodal imaging. METHODS En face structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were manually segmented to delineate outer retinal AMN lesions involving the ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone. AMN lesion centroid was calculated, and image distortion was applied to correct for Henle fiber layer (HFL) length and orientation. The resulting image was registered with the corresponding en face OCT angiography (OCTA) image segmented at the DCP and structural OCT volume before grading for vascular and structural features, respectively. RESULTS Thirty-nine AMN lesions from 16 eyes (11 female patients, mean age 34 ± 4 years) were analyzed. After correcting for HFL anatomy, in 62% of AMN lesions, the centroid co-localized with a capillary vortex (pattern 1); flow defects were detected in 33% of lesions (pattern 2); and in 5% of lesions no specific pattern could be identified (pattern 3). The detection of a specific pattern increased after correcting the projection of AMN lesion for HFL anatomy (28% vs. 5%, P = 0.04). Outer nuclear layer thickness was lower in the centroid area in 10 (29%) AMN lesions from 6 patients, all corresponding to lesions fitting pattern 2 (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AMN lesions might be a result of DCP impairment at the level of the capillary vortex or draining venule. In eyes with AMN, the location of outer retinal changes associated with DCP ischemia appears to be influenced by the length and orientation of HFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Cabral
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, United States,iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Prithvi Ramtohul
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, United States
| | - Luca Zatreanu
- Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Galhoz
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal,Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Leitao
- Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanda Nogueira
- Instituto de Oftalmologia Dr. Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Sarraf
- Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - K. Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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Ocular Complications Following Vaccination for COVID-19: A One-Year Retrospective. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020342. [PMID: 35214800 PMCID: PMC8875181 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination efforts as a mitigation strategy in the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are fully underway. A vital component of understanding the optimal clinical use of these vaccines is a thorough investigation of adverse events following vaccination. To date, some limited reports and reviews have discussed ocular adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination, but a systematic review detailing these reports with manifestations and clinical courses as well as proposed mechanisms has yet to be published. This comprehensive review one-year into vaccination efforts against COVID-19 is meant to furnish sound understanding for ophthalmologists and primary care physicians based on the existing body of clinical data. We discuss manifestations categorized into one of the following: eyelid, orbit, uveitis, retina, vascular, neuro-ophthalmology, ocular motility disorders, and other.
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Drayer Turner LCE, Coebergh JA, Banerjee PJ. Maculopathy Masquerading as Migraine. Vision (Basel) 2021; 5:vision5030040. [PMID: 34564338 PMCID: PMC8482253 DOI: 10.3390/vision5030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a 23-year-old Caucasian woman with a background history of migraines who presented with bilateral paracentral scotomata. The ophthalmoscopy and MRI head were originally thought to be normal, and the scotomata were attributed to be of migrainous origin: a persistent negative aura. However, persistence of her symptoms prompted further specialist review 10 months later, at which time subtle bilateral perifoveal changes were noted, which had been apparent but overlooked at the initial assessment. Near-infrared reflectance imaging enabled better visualization of the lesions, which were apparent prior to any abnormalities on clinical examination. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed the early findings of hyperreflectivity in the outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers characteristic of acute macular neuroretinopathy. Our case aims to emphasize the importance of scrutinising ancillary tests of the macula in patients presenting with scotomata or atypical migraine symptoms, and to caution clinicians against diagnosing migraine with persistent negative aura without these investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. E. Drayer Turner
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Portsmouth Road, Frimley, Camberley GU16 7UJ, UK;
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BF, UK
| | - Jan A. Coebergh
- Ashford St Peter’s NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford Street, Lyne, Chertsey KT16 0PZ, UK;
| | - Philip J. Banerjee
- Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Portsmouth Road, Frimley, Camberley GU16 7UJ, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Ong SS, Ahmed I, Scott AW. Association of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy or Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy with Sickle Cell Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5:1146-1155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Porta A, Tripodi S, Toro MD, Rejdak R, Rejdak K, Zanzottera EC, Ferentini F. Bilateral Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy in a Young Patient: Imaging and Visual Field during Two-Year-Follow-Up. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050259. [PMID: 32354001 PMCID: PMC7278004 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) is a rare disorder. We report a case of bilateral AMN in a young female patient, without any risk factors. She referred a positive scotoma in both eyes after flu-like symptoms. Fundus examination revealed parafoveal dark-reddish oval lesions in both eyes. Therefore, we performed visual field, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICG) at baseline and several times during the two years of follow-up. The infrared (IR) imaging showed one rounded hyporeflective lesion in the left eye and two similar lesions in the right eye. The OCT demonstrated the characteristic alterations in the outer retina. The visual field also demonstrated scotomas corresponding with these lesions. The OCT and IR features disappeared at the end of the follow-up except for the left eye, which continued to have hyperreflective spots in the outer plexiform layer. The patient complained about a residual scotoma only in the left eye after two years. Our case shows a difference in disease progression in the two eyes of the same patient, suggesting that several mechanisms can be implicated in the pathology of AMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Porta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital C. Cantù, 20081 Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Sarah Tripodi
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37024 Negrar, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3334441032
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland
- Faculty of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20079 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Fabio Ferentini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital C. Cantù, 20081 Abbiategrasso, Italy
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Vaphiades MS, Grondines B. Occult Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy. Neuroophthalmology 2018; 41:219-223. [PMID: 29344064 DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2017.1297999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old Caucasian woman developed an upper respiratory infection, took a cold formulation containing 5 mg of phenylephrine, and developed a very rare and unusual form of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) that could not be detected on fundoscopic examination, visual fields, nor electrophysiological testing. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) revealed a lesion limited to the fovea. This case illustrates the value of SD-OCT, in light of otherwise normal testing, in a variant of AMN the authors call "occult AMN".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Vaphiades
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Brendan Grondines
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Kim SJ, Park YM, Cho HK, Huh HD, Park JM. A Case of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy in a Young Male. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.6.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyoun Do Huh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
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Bhavsar KV, Lin S, Rahimy E, Joseph A, Freund KB, Sarraf D, Cunningham ET. Acute macular neuroretinopathy: A comprehensive review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2016; 61:538-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Acute macular neuroretinopathy associated with subclinical cytomegalovirus infection. Int Ophthalmol 2016; 37:727-731. [PMID: 27444308 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of bilateral acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) occurring in a 32-year-old woman, analyzed using the multimodal imaging technique. CASE REPORT A 32-year-old Caucasian woman presented with 20 days history of acute onset of blurred vision in the right eye. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.8 and 1.0 in the right and left eyes, respectively. She reported a lower urinary tract infection associated with fever, 7 days before the onset of the ocular symptoms. Serological tests demonstrated the presence of IgM specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV), while all the other laboratory tests were negative. SD-OCT exhibited the disruption of the inner segment-outer segment junction, associated with hyper-reflectivity of a thickened outer plexiform layer overlying such area associated with thinning of the outer nuclear layer. The patient was diagnosed with AMN and received a corticosteroid treatment. During all the follow-up, OCT features did not change, although BCVA improved. Four months after the first visit, we found also in the left eye a subfoveal IS/OS disruption but differently from the right eye, in which the abnormalities persisted during all the follow-up visits, in the left one they disappeared only after a month. The IgM specific for the CMV remained positive during the whole follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first patient reported with a diagnosis of AMN associated with persisting presence of IgM specific for CMV.
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Chinskey ND, Rahimy E, Johnson MW. Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Following Non-Ocular Trauma: A Hypothesis Regarding Pathophysiologic Mechanism. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016; 46:1013-20. [PMID: 26599243 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20151027-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To describe the imaging characteristics and clinical course of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following non-ocular trauma, and to hypothesize a pathophysiologic mechanism for this syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS The records of five patients who developed symptoms and findings suggestive of AMN following trauma to the face or chest were retrospectively reviewed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), infrared reflectance, fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and multifocal electroretinography were evaluated. RESULTS Visual symptoms started immediately or very soon after non-ocular trauma, and scotomas persisted at last follow-up (2 weeks to 10 years after trauma). OCT imaging performed within days of the trauma demonstrated focal areas of hyper-reflectivity in the outer plexiform and outer nuclear layers with eventual thinning of the outer nuclear layer, as well as variable loss of the ellipsoid and interdigitation zones. CONCLUSION Acute ischemic injury caused by trauma-induced hypotension and/or catecholamine release and involving the deep retinal capillary plexus is the pathogenic mechanism that most plausibly explains trauma-associated AMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grobbel
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum Region Hannover, Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstraße 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - A Schilimow
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum Region Hannover, Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstraße 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - B Wiechens
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Klinikum Region Hannover, Klinikum Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstraße 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland
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15
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Audo I, Gocho K, Rossant F, Mohand-Saïd S, Loquin K, Bloch I, Sahel JA, Paques M. Functional and high-resolution retinal imaging monitoring photoreceptor damage in acute macular neuroretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 254:855-64. [PMID: 26344727 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-015-3136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report functional and high-resolution retinal imaging abnormalities, including adaptive optics (AO) throughout the course of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMNR). METHODS Two female patients (four eyes) with a diagnosis of AMNR were observed at the Clinical Investigation Center, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France. The patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, kinetic and static perimetry, full-field and multifocal electroretinogram, infrared reflectance, autofluorescence imaging and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and AO fundus imaging at presentation and during follow-up. RESULTS Both cases showed concomitant loss of integrity of the outer retinal structures on SD-OCT, and marked abnormalities on AO imaging with disruption of the visibility of the cone mosaic. In the first case, photoreceptor damage was seen to progress during several weeks before healing. In both cases, there were persistent morphological abnormalities of photoreceptors 1 year after onset. CONCLUSION This study further highlights the value of AO fundus imaging to facilitate detection, mapping, and monitoring of damage to the cone outer segments during AMNR. In particular, residual damage to the cone mosaic can be precisely documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Audo
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU View Maintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, 75012, France. .,INSERM, U968, Paris, 75012, France. .,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, 75012, France. .,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, 75012, France. .,Département de Génétique, Curie/CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, Centre de Recherche Institut de la Vision, UMR S 968 Inserm / Université Pierre et Marie, 17, rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Kiyoko Gocho
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU View Maintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, 75012, France.,Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical University, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan
| | | | - Saddek Mohand-Saïd
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU View Maintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, 75012, France.,INSERM, U968, Paris, 75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, 75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Kevin Loquin
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | | | - José-Alain Sahel
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU View Maintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, 75012, France.,INSERM, U968, Paris, 75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, 75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, 75012, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.,Académie des Sciences-Institut de France, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Michel Paques
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU View Maintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, Paris, 75012, France.,INSERM, U968, Paris, 75012, France.,Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Paris, 75012, France.,CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, 75012, France
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Mrejen S, Pang CE, Sarraf D, Goldberg NR, Gallego-Pinazo R, Klancnik JM, Sorenson JA, Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB. Adaptive optics imaging of cone mosaic abnormalities in acute macular neuroretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015; 45:562-9. [PMID: 25423637 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20141118-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To assess the cone photoreceptor mosaic in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) using adaptive optics (AO) imaging. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four patients with AMN were evaluated retrospectively by near-infrared reflectance (IR) confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and a flood-illuminated retinal AO camera. Microperimetry was performed in one patient. RESULTS The cone photoreceptor density was decreased at the level of the AMN lesions. The cone mosaic disruption appeared heterogeneous and more widespread than the lesion detected in the IR-SLO and SD-OCT images. The areas of cone loss correlated with SD-OCT and microperimetry. After resolution of the AMN lesion on IR-SLO, there was incomplete recovery of the cone photoreceptor mosaic. CONCLUSION Cone photoreceptor damage and reconstitution were documented in vivo at the cellular level in AMN using AO imaging. AO imaging appeared more sensitive than combined IR-SLO and SD-OCT to detect and follow photoreceptor damage in patients with AMN.
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Aziz HA, Kheir WJ, Young RC, Isom RF, Dubovy SR. Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature, 2002–2012. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2015; 46:114-24. [DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20150101-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Rodman JA, Shechtman DL, Haines K. Acute macular neuroretinopathy: the evolution of the disease through the use of newer diagnostic modalities. Clin Exp Optom 2014; 97:463-7. [PMID: 25138751 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Anne Rodman
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Optometry, Davie, Florida, USA.
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19
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Hansen SO, Cooper RF, Dubra A, Carroll J, Weinberg DV. Selective cone photoreceptor injury in acute macular neuroretinopathy. Retina 2014; 33:1650-8. [PMID: 23615345 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e31828cd03a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate retinal structural and functional abnormalities in a patient with acute macular neuroretinopathy. METHODS An adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope was used to image the photoreceptor mosaic and assess rod and cone structure. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to examine retinal lamination. Microperimetry was used to assess function across the macula. RESULTS Microperimetry showed reduced function of localized areas within retinal lesions corresponding to subjective scotomas. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging revealed attenuation of two outer retinal bands typically thought to reflect photoreceptor structure. Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope images of the photoreceptor mosaic revealed a heterogeneous presentation within these lesions. There were areas containing non-waveguiding cones and other areas of decreased cone density where the remaining rods had expanded to fill in the vacant space. Within these lesions, cone densities were shown to be significantly lower than eccentricity-matched areas of normal retina, as well as accepted histologic measurements. A 6-month follow-up revealed no change in rod or cone structure. CONCLUSION Imaging of acute macular neuroretinopathy using an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope shows a preferential disruption of cone photoreceptor structure within the region of decreased retinal sensitivity (as measured by microperimetry). Adaptive optics-based imaging tools provide a noninvasive way to assess photoreceptor structure at a level of detail that is not resolved by use of conventional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography or other clinical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean O Hansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Makino S, Tampo H. Acute macular neuroretinopathy in a 15-year-old boy: optical coherence tomography and visual acuity findings. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2014; 5:11-5. [PMID: 24575033 PMCID: PMC3934695 DOI: 10.1159/000358166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in a 15-year-old boy. METHODS Images were obtained with fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS The patient complained of blurred vision and a small central scotoma in the left eye. Left visual acuity was 0.3. Fundus photographs revealed a small dark area in the fovea of the left eye. OCT showed attenuation of the photoreceptor inner segment (IS)/outer segment (OS) line and the OS/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) line in the left eye. One week after the initial visit, left visual acuity had improved to 0.6, and there was partial recovery of the IS/OS line with focal thinning of the OS/RPE line. One month later, left visual acuity had improved to 0.8, and OCT showed complete restoration of the IS/OS line and the OS/RPE line. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient reported with a diagnosis of AMN. Changes in microstructural findings and visual acuity were analogous during recovery of AMN in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Makino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Sanjari N, Moein HR, Soheilian R, Soheilian M, Peyman GA. Enhanced Depth Imaging OCT and Indocyanine Green Angiography Changes in Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2013; 44:S36-9. [DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20131101-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Özmert E, Kurt RA, Batioğlu F. Enhanced visualization of acute macular neuroretinopathy by infrared imaging and spectral optical coherence tomography. Indian J Ophthalmol 2013; 61:776-7. [PMID: 24088639 PMCID: PMC3917408 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rengin Aslıhan Kurt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Dikimevi/Ankara, Turkey
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Lee SH, Bae JS, Kim YY. A Case of Bilateral Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy after URI. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2013.54.10.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Sung Bae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Spectral domain optical coherence tomography evolutive features in acute macular neuroretinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2012; 22:850-2. [PMID: 22610717 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the usefulness of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in investigating the evolution of the retinal outer lesions seen in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). METHODS A 32-year-old woman presented with a 1-day history of paracentral dark spot in the left eye, preceded by a flulike illness. A full ophthalmologic examination, color vision, visual field examination, and conventional imaging of the retina were done. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopic infrared imaging and SD-OCT of the macular region were performed. RESULTS Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination as well as retinal photographs were unrevealing. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopic infrared examination showed a dark, sharp, oval area in the macular region that corresponded to a rounded patch drawn by the patient on an Amsler grid. The SD-OCT showed focal highly reflective lesion of outer plexiform layer (OPL) extending to the outer nuclear layer. After recovery of the OPL, follow-up SD-OCT showed an associated disruption of the external limiting membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium inner band as well as thinning of the inner segment/outer segment junction. Retinal inner layers were otherwise normal. CONCLUSIONS Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is of particular interest in the diagnosis of AMN. It is also very useful in featuring the chronological events happening in the outer retina. As the lesions shown are confined to the outer layers, this condition should be called acute macular outer retinopathy rather than AMN.
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Mahroo OA, Gavin EA, Mann S, Mohamed MD. Central visual disturbance associated with transient disruption of photoreceptor inner-outer segment junction. Can J Ophthalmol 2012; 47:e19-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2012.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Munch IC, Traustason S, Olgaard K, Larsen M. Acute macular neuroretinopathy in relation to anti-thymocyte globulin infusion. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:e321-2. [PMID: 22008367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Yzer S, Freund KB, Engelbert M. Imaging in the diagnosis and management of acute macular neuroretinopathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2012; 52:269-273. [PMID: 22954950 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0b013e31826704a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Khan IJ, Keane PA, Allie M, Mirza S. Microperimetry and optical coherence tomography in acute macular neuroretinopathy. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2012; 6:202-203. [PMID: 25390963 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0b013e3182247729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report optical coherence tomography and microperimetry findings in acute macular neuroretinopathy. METHODS Case report. PATIENTS A single patient with acute macular neuroretinopathy. CONCLUSION Scotomata reported by a patient with acute macular neuroretinopathy correspond with findings of disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment junction on optical coherence tomography and congruent decreased retinal function demonstrated with microperimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran J Khan
- Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Grover S, Brar VS, Murthy RK, Chalam KV. Infrared imaging and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings correlate with microperimetry in acute macular neuroretinopathy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:536. [PMID: 22040584 PMCID: PMC3236017 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings in a patient with acute macular neuroretinopathy, and correlation with functional defects on microperimetry, are presented. CASE PRESENTATION A 25-year old Caucasian woman presented with bitemporal field defects following an upper respiratory tract infection. Her visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and a dilated fundus examination revealed bilateral hyperpigmentary changes in the papillomacular bundle. Our patient underwent further evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, infrared and fundus autofluorescence imaging. Functional changes were assessed by microperimetry. Infrared imaging showed the classic wedge-shaped defects and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography exhibited changes at the inner segment-outer segment junction, with a thickened outer plexiform layer overlying these areas. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography did not demonstrate any perfusion defects or any other abnormality. Microperimetry demonstrated focal elevation in threshold correlating with the wedge-shaped defects in both eyes. CONCLUSION Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings provide new evidence of the involvement of the outer plexiform layer of the retina in acute macular neuroretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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Matsuo Y, Uemura A, Nakano T, Inoue M, Sakamoto T. Atypical presentation of acute macular neuroretinopathy with tiny parafoveal reddish-brown lesions. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2011; 55:362-364. [DOI: 10.1007/s10384-011-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings in four cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy and identify features that may differentiate acute macular neuroretinopathy from similar conditions in the acute zonal occult outer retinopathy complex. METHODS Patients with acute macular neuroretinopathy underwent complete periodic examinations, including ophthalmoscopy, color photography and autofluorescence photography, visual field testing, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Abnormalities as seen by multimodal imaging were documented and evaluated during follow-up. RESULTS The average age of the 4 patients was 32 years (range, 28-34 years), and 2 had bilateral involvement. The follow-up ranged from 1 month to 5 months. In each patient, dark lobular areas seen by ophthalmoscopy corresponded to the measured visual field defect and what appeared to be a regional loss of outer segments of the photoreceptors. The outer segment defect resolved in two patients and improved in the other two during follow-up. All patients showed a colocalizing regional thinning of the outer nuclear layer, which did not change during the follow-up period. There were no associated abnormalities in the fundus appearance. CONCLUSION Acute macular neuroretinopathy causes reddish brown patches that are because of outer retinal damage as documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Unlike other entities in the acute zonal occult outer retinopathy complex, acute macular neuroretinopathy has no other synchronic ophthalmoscopically visible fundus abnormalities. These lesions may resolve over time, with restoration of the outermost retinal architecture, but persistent thinning of the overlying outer nuclear layer remained.
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Reproducibility and comparison of retinal thickness and volume measurements in normal eyes determined with two different Cirrus OCT scanning protocols. Retina 2011; 31:41-7. [PMID: 20838360 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e3181dde71e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess reproducibility and compare raster scanning protocols of Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). METHODS Five hundred and twenty-eight computed tomography scans were performed in 17 healthy subjects. Four sessions were performed at each visit including two 200 × 200 and two 512 × 128 macular cube scans per session. The examined eye, observer, and order of scanning protocols in-between each session were randomly chosen. Reproducibility was described with intraclass correlation coefficients, coefficients of variance, intervisit, interrater, intersession intra-, and intersubject standard deviations. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 80.4% to 97.8% and the coefficients of variance from 0.7% to 2.3% for retinal volume and retinal thickness measurements. Intersubject, intervisit, interrater, intersession, and intrasubject standard deviations ranged from 0 μm to 18.54 μm. Differences in retinal thickness between protocols were small (range 3.55 ± 1.95 μm to 0.81 ± 0.59 μm) but significant for the central (P < 0.0001), the outer superior (P = 0.0036), temporal (P = 0.0026), and nasal subfield (P < 0.0001). Average difference of retinal volume between protocols was 0.05 ± 0.04 mm (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Both raster scanning protocols of the Cirrus optical coherence tomography showed excellent reproducibility of retinal thickness and volume measures. Significant differences between protocols for retinal thickness in four macula thickness map subfields and for retinal volume were found.
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Maschi C, Schneider-Lise B, Paoli V, Gastaud P. Acute macular neuroretinopathy: contribution of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and multifocal ERG. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 249:827-31. [PMID: 21103887 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute macular neuroretinopathy is a rare disease which occurs in young women and causes sudden paracentral scotoma and typical reddish-brown macular lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report two cases of young women suffering from acute macular neuroretinopathy which we observed with spectral-domain Spectralis HRA-OCT and multifocal ERG at 3 and 7 months. RESULTS Imaging revealed an early hyper-reflectivity of the photoreceptor layer, which changed into hyporeflectivity in the first week and remained the same in the following months, whereas visual field improved. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show involvement primarly of the outer retina, and confirm OCT and mf ERG as important tools for diagnosis and follow-up of pathologic changes in AMNR, as other diagnostic tests often remain normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Maschi
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hopital Saint Roch, 5 rue Pierre Dévoluy, 06000, Nice Cedex 1, France.
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Visualization and follow-up of acute macular neuroretinopathy with the Spectralis HRA+OCT device. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 248:1041-4. [PMID: 20198487 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMNR) is a rare disease entity, the diagnosis of which is frequently complicated by the subtlety of biomicroscopic findings. METHODS Two cases of AMNR are presented, in which the diagnosis and follow-up was enabled using the Spectralis HRA+OCT in the absence of clear biomicroscopic findings. RESULTS The typical lesions were visualized by hyporeflexion during infrared imaging and faded over time. With spectral domain optical coherence tomography, changes in the outer retina in the affected regions were documented, with no change over time. CONCLUSION The broader availability of this technology may enhance the diagnosis and follow-up of AMNR.
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Liu GT, Volpe NJ, Galetta SL. Vision loss. Neuroophthalmology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2311-1.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Robert MP, Webster AR, Plant GT. Infrared Fundus Photography in a Case of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy. Neuroophthalmology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01658100802274895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hughes EH, Siow YC, Hunyor AP. Acute macular neuroretinopathy: anatomic localisation of the lesion with high-resolution OCT. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23:2132-4. [PMID: 19169231 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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