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Goislard de Monsabert B, Herbaut A, Cartier T, Vigouroux L. Electromyography-informed musculoskeletal modeling provides new insight into hand tendon forces during tennis forehand. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1958-1975. [PMID: 37340897 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is a major health issue among tennis players. This musculo-skeletal disorder affects hand extensor tendons, results in substantial pain and impairments for sporting and everyday activities and requires several weeks of recovery. Unfortunately, prevention remains limited by the lack of data regarding biomechanical risk factors, especially because in vivo evaluation of hand tendon forces remains challenging. Electromyography-informed musculo-skeletal modeling is a noninvasive approach to provide physiological estimation of tendon forces based on motion capture and electromyography but was never applied to study hand tendon loading during tennis playing. The objective of this study was to develop such electromyography-informed musculo-skeletal model to provide new insight into hand tendon loading in tennis players. The model was tested with three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography data of two players performing forehand drives at two-shot speeds and with three rackets. Muscle forces increased with shot speed but were moderately affected by racket properties. Wrist prime extensors withstood the highest forces, but their relative implication compared to flexors depended on the player-specific grip force and racket motion strategy. When normalizing wrist extensor forces by shot speed and grip strength, up to threefold differences were observed between players, suggesting that gesture technique, for example, grip position or joint motion coordination, could play a role in the overloading of wrist extensor tendons. This study provided a new methodology for in situ analysis of hand biomechanical loadings during tennis gesture and shed a new light on lateral epicondylitis risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Herbaut
- Human Factors & Ergonomics Department, Decathlon SportsLab Research and Development, Lille, France
| | - Théo Cartier
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
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Tai ML, Yang CJ, Tang WT, Elliott B, Chang KL. Upper Extremity Muscle Activation during Drive Volley and Groundstroke for Two-Handed Backhand of Female Tennis Players. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:586-594. [PMID: 36523890 PMCID: PMC9741720 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Drive volley is one of the essential backhand stroke technique trends seen in recent women's tennis competitions. Although movements of the drive volley and groundstroke are similar, activation of the internal muscles vary due to different incoming ball conditions. Most previous studies only focused on the groundstroke, however. The current study investigates the different muscle activation patterns in the upper extremity muscle during the two-handed backhand drive volley as well as the groundstroke for female tennis players. Ten elite female tennis players were measured in the muscle activation of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), biceps brachii (BB), and triceps brachii (TB) from both upper extremities. Racket-head speed at impact, swing duration of each phase, and racket-head average velocity in both strokes were also recorded. Significant differences were found between the drive volley and groundstroke in the velocity profile of racket tip, swing duration of each phase (preparation, early follow-through, and late follow-through), activation patterns of upper extremity muscles, and flexor/ extensor ratios of wrist and elbow in both upper extremities. Different racket trajectory strategies were also observed between the two strokes, with greater horizontal racket velocity recorded in the groundstroke but greater vertical velocity in the drive volley. ECR and TB muscle activation during the drive volley preparation phase was greater than the groundstroke when completing a quicker backswing. In the early acceleration phase, the greater FCR leading arm activation in the drive volley assisted wrist stabilization in preparation for impact. In the late follow-through phase, less TB leading arm activity and higher ECR trailing arm activity in the drive volley showed more forward compression movement in racket contact with the ball. As it is essential for the drive volley to complete a quicker backswing and to increase shot efficiency at the end of the forward movement, coaches should consider the two strokes' muscle activation and technique differences to enhance specific techniques and fitness training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Lin Tai
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Yang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tzu Tang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan, Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sports University, No 250, Wenhua 1st Rd, Guishan, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Bruce Elliott
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kai-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University (NTSU), Taoyuan, Taiwan, Associate professor, Office of Physical Education, National Chengchi University (NCCU), Taipei, Taiwan
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Difference in racket head trajectory and muscle activity between the standard volley and the drop volley in tennis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257295. [PMID: 34520488 PMCID: PMC8439447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among tennis coaches and players, the standard volley and drop volley are considered basically similar, but muscles need to be relaxed (deactivation) just at the moment of impact when hitting the drop volley. However, this is not evidence-based. The aim of this study was to clarify racket head trajectory and muscle activity during the drop volley and to compare them with those of the standard volley. We hypothesized that 1) the racket head would move less forward for the drop volley than for the standard volley and 2) the wrist and elbow muscles be relaxed for the drop volley at the time of ball impact. Eleven male college students with sufficient tennis experience volunteered to participate in this study. Wireless EMG sensors recorded activation of the four arm muscles. Each subject performed the standard volley or the drop volley with both a forehand and a backhand from a position near the net. Four high speed video cameras (300 Hz) were set up on the court to measure ball speed and racket head trajectory. Returned ball speed of the drop volley was significantly lower than that of the standard volley (p < 0.05). The racket head moved less forward than in the standard volley, supporting the first hypothesis. Muscle activity of the drop volley, just before and after ball impact for both the forehand and backhand, was lower than that of the standard volley. However, the activity was in the form of a gradual increase as impact time approached, rather than a sudden deactivation (relaxation), which did not support the second hypothesis. For the drop volley, lower muscle activity in the forearm enabled a softer grip and thus allowed a “flip” movement of the racket to diminish the speed of the returned ball.
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Vibration-Damping technology in tennis racquets: Effects on vibration transfer to the arm, muscle fatigue and tennis performance. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 1:49-58. [PMID: 35782465 PMCID: PMC9219343 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Stuelcken M, Mellifont D, Gorman A, Sayers M. Wrist Injuries in Tennis Players: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:857-868. [PMID: 27699697 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The wrist/hand complex forms the crucial final link in the kinetic chain between the body and the racquet and therefore has a number of important roles in the production of all tennis strokes. However, the internal and external loads that are created at the wrist during these strokes have the potential to contribute to pain and injury. Therefore, the purposes of this narrative review are to (1) determine the extent of the problem of wrist pain/injury in tennis players, (2) identify bony and soft tissue structures of the wrist that are susceptible to damage as a result of tennis play and (3) explore factors that may influence the development of wrist pain/injury in tennis players. The epidemiological data revealed two important points. First, some evidence suggests wrist pain/injury accounts for a higher percentage of total injuries in more recent studies (2014-2015) than in early studies (1986-1995). Second, the relative frequency of wrist pain/injury compared with other well-recognized problem areas for tennis players such as the shoulder complex, elbow and lumbar spine is noticeably higher in more recent studies (2014-2015) than in early studies (1986-1995), particularly among females. Collectively, this would seem to indicate that the problem of wrist pain/injury has increased in the modern game. In fact, some wrist injuries appear to be related to the use of certain forehand grip types and the predominant use of the two-handed backhand. While the loads experienced at the wrist during tennis stroke production seem to be below threshold levels for a single event, the cumulative effects of these loads through repetition would appear to be an important consideration, especially when inadequate time is allowed to complete normal processes of repair and adaptation. This is supported by the evidence that most wrist injuries in tennis are associated with overuse and a chronic time course. The complex interaction between load, repetition, and training practices in tennis, particularly among young developing players who choose a path of early specialization, needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Stuelcken
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| | - Daniel Mellifont
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Adam Gorman
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Mark Sayers
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
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Kohyama S, Kanamori A, Tanaka T, Hara Y, Yamazaki M. Stress fracture of the scaphoid in an elite junior tennis player: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:8. [PMID: 26781295 PMCID: PMC4717662 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-015-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carpal scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in young adults after a fall on an outstretched arm that results in acute dorsal flexion of the wrist. However, stress fractures of the scaphoid are relatively rare. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case in the literature of carpal scaphoid stress fracture in a tennis player. CASE PRESENTATION An 18-year-old Japanese man who was an elite junior tennis player was referred to our hospital after radiography and computed tomography revealed a carpal scaphoid fracture. The patient presented with pain in the wrist joint and tenderness over the anatomical snuff-box with diffuse swelling and reduced active dorsal flexion and flexion of the right wrist. The patient was treated conservatively and resumed participation in competitive events 5 months after his initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS In this case, the scaphoid stress fracture had resulted from repetitive practicing of the attacking backhand high volley, which involved excessive dorsal flexion of the wrist. Although rare, scaphoid stress fractures must be considered in tennis players with chronic wrist pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kohyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kikkoman General Hospital, 100 Miyazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0005, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kanamori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kikkoman General Hospital, 100 Miyazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0005, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan.
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan.
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Alizadehkhaiyat O, Frostick SP. Electromyographic assessment of forearm muscle function in tennis players with and without Lateral Epicondylitis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015; 25:876-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
We tested the influence of string stiffness on the occurrence of forearm muscle fatigue during a tennis match. Sixteen tennis players performed two prolonged simulated tennis matches with low-stiffness or high-stiffness string. Before and immediately after exercise, muscle fatigability was evaluated on the forearm muscles during a maximal intermittent gripping task. Groundstroke ball speeds and the profile of acceleration of the racquet frame at collision were recorded during each match. The peak-to-peak amplitude of acceleration and the resonant frequency of the frame were significantly greater with high- (5060 ± 1892 m/s(2) and 204 ± 29 Hz, respectively) than with low-stiffness string (4704 ± 1671 m/s(2) and 191 ± 16 Hz, respectively). The maximal and the averaged gripping forces developed during the gripping task were significantly reduced after the tennis match with high- (-15 ± 14%, and -22 ± 14%, respectively), but not with low-stiffness string. The decrease of ball speed during the simulated matches tended to be greater with high- than with low-stiffness string (P = .06). Hence, playing tennis with high-stiffness string promotes forearm muscle fatigue development, which could partly contribute to the groundstroke ball speed decrement during the game.
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Rota S, Morel B, Saboul D, Rogowski I, Hautier C. Influence of fatigue on upper limb muscle activity and performance in tennis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 24:90-7. [PMID: 24239164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined the fatigue effect on tennis performance and upper limb muscle activity. Ten players were tested before and after a strenuous tennis exercise. Velocity and accuracy of serve and forehand drives, as well as corresponding surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of eight upper limb muscles were measured. EMG and force were also evaluated during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (IMVC). Significant decreases were observed after exercise in serve accuracy (-11.7%) and velocity (-4.5%), forehand accuracy (-25.6%) and consistency (-15.6%), as well as pectoralis major (PM) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) IMVC strength (-13.0% and -8.2%, respectively). EMG amplitude decreased for PM and FCR in serve, forehand and IMVC, and for extensor carpi radialis in forehand. No modification was observed in EMG activation timing during strokes or in EMG frequency content during IMVC. Several hypotheses can be put forward to explain these results. First, muscle fatigue may induce a reduction in activation level of PM and forearm muscles, which could decrease performance. Second, conscious or subconscious strategies could lead to a redistribution of muscle activity to non-fatigued muscles in order to protect the organism and/or limit performance losses. Otherwise, the modifications of EMG activity could also illustrate the strategies adopted to manage the speed-accuracy trade-off in such a complex task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rota
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CRIS EA 647, UFRSTAPS, 27-29, bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Baptiste Morel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CRIS EA 647, UFRSTAPS, 27-29, bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Saboul
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CRIS EA 647, UFRSTAPS, 27-29, bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; Almerys, 46 rue du Ressort, 63967 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 9, France
| | - Isabelle Rogowski
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CRIS EA 647, UFRSTAPS, 27-29, bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Hautier
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CRIS EA 647, UFRSTAPS, 27-29, bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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McChesney BD, Haig L, Gissane C. The effect of thoracic spine high-velocity low-amplitude thrust manipulation on myoelectric activity of the lower trapezius and posterior deltoid muscles during treadmill walking. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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