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Talu Y, Tuncer A, Talu B. A New Measuring Approach in Assessing Hamstring Flexibility: Reliability, Validity, and Applicability of Isolated Hamstring Flexibility Test. Clin J Sport Med 2024:00042752-990000000-00195. [PMID: 38857314 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was planned to determine the reliability, validity, and applicability of the isolated hamstring flexibility test (IHFT). DESIGN A cohort study (diagnosis); level of evidence, 2. SETTING It was performed in the research and application laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-five individuals aged 18 to 25 years, selected through simple probability random sampling, with a normal Beighton Horan and Joint Mobility Index scores, and who volunteered to participate, were included for evaluation. INTERVENTIONS On then first and third days, participants underwent muscle strength, sit-and-reach test, active knee extension test, IHFT for validity and reliability. Stretching exercises were prescribed as a home program for 31 patients with limited knee extension, and measurements were repeated at the end of the eighth week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sit-and-reach test, active knee extension test, IHFT. RESULTS The test-retest reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.993). Our test demonstrated validity when compared in terms of flexibility gained. A significant difference was found between pre-post stretching exercise training in all 3 tests (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was observed that the IHFT is reliable and applicable in determining hamstring flexibility. Given the absence of another test specifically measuring hamstring flexibility in isolation, its indirect validity was established through analysis with other tests using the gold standard for assessing gains in hamstring flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Talu
- Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Aysenur Tuncer
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Türkiye; and
| | - Burcu Talu
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
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Fogawat K, Keswani J, Sharma H, Tewani GR, Kodali PB, Nair PMK. Randomized controlled trial investigating the role of yoga at workplace in improving fatigue, burnout, pain, strength, and quality of life among blue-collar workers. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:152. [PMID: 38784274 PMCID: PMC11114575 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_541_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the physical demands of work, blue-collar workers (BCW) frequently experience fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and burnout. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and utility of introducing yoga-based loosening exercises (YLE) at the workplace for improving fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and burnout among BCW. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight BCW were randomized into a yoga group that received 40 minutes of supervised YLE daily, 5 days a week, for 1 month, followed by 1 month of unsupervised practice at home or a waitlisted control group. The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), Visual Analog Scale for pain, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), sit-and-reach test (SRT), handgrip strength dynamometer, and the Short Form-8 (SF-8) questionnaire were measured at baseline, at the end of the first month, and at follow-up after the first month. RESULTS All the participants adhered well to the YLE (≈86% at the workplace, ≈70% at home). Compared to the controls, the yoga group reported significant reductions in fatigue, pain, and burnout and significant improvements in flexibility, strength, and quality of life (P < 0.001) at all the time points. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that workplace yoga programs for BCW are feasible and can considerably reduce fatigue, pain, and burnout and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Fogawat
- Department of Yoga, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Keswani
- Department of Yoga, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemanshu Sharma
- Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gulab R. Tewani
- Chief Medical Officer, Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash B. Kodali
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Pradeep M. K. Nair
- Department of Research, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Sriharisukesh N, Pailoor S, Sudharshanan S, Chathambally R. Effect of Yoga of Adaptive Yogasana Practice on the Flexibility and Psychomotor Variables in Intellectually Disabled Subjects. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:429-432. [PMID: 38665451 PMCID: PMC11042139 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_318_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a public health challenge affecting communities worldwide. ID is characterized by impaired physical and cognitive functioning and less engaged in physical activities. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of adaptive yoga practices on cognitive and motor abilities in the subjects with ID. Sixty-six subjects with mild and moderate IDs were purposively selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 33 subjects in each group. One month of adaptive yoga module was provided to the experimental group. To assess the impact of the yoga intervention, Functional Reach Test (FRT), Wall Toss Test (WTT), Finger Tapping Test (FTT), Sit-Reach Test (SRT), and Six Letter Cancellation Test (SLCT) were administered. The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement with P < 0.05 across all the parameters, whereas the control group could not observe a significant improvement. Based on the results, this study concludes that "one month of adaptive yoga module" delivered impact and helped to improve the dynamic balance, eye-hand coordination, neuro-motor function, spinal flexibility, and selective attention in ID-afflicted subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naduvanthody Sriharisukesh
- Department of Yoga Studies, School of Medicine and Public Health, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Subramanya Pailoor
- Department of Yoga Studies, School of Medicine and Public Health, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Sukanya Sudharshanan
- Department of Yoga Studies, School of Medicine and Public Health, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Riya Chathambally
- Department of Yoga Studies, School of Medicine and Public Health, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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Gao T, Ren H, He S, Liang D, Xu Y, Chen K, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Dong H, Xu Z, Chen W, Cheng W, Jing F, Tao X. Development of an interpretable machine learning-based intelligent system of exercise prescription for cardio-oncology preventive care: A study protocol. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1091885. [PMID: 38106819 PMCID: PMC10722170 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the first and second causes of death in over 130 countries across the world. They are also among the top three causes in almost 180 countries worldwide. Cardiovascular complications are often noticed in cancer patients, with nearly 20% exhibiting cardiovascular comorbidities. Physical exercise may be helpful for cancer survivors and people living with cancer (PLWC), as it prevents relapses, CVD, and cardiotoxicity. Therefore, it is beneficial to recommend exercise as part of cardio-oncology preventive care. Objective With the progress of deep learning algorithms and the improvement of big data processing techniques, artificial intelligence (AI) has gradually become popular in the fields of medicine and healthcare. In the context of the shortage of medical resources in China, it is of great significance to adopt AI and machine learning methods for prescription recommendations. This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning-based intelligent system of exercise prescription for cardio-oncology preventive care, and this paper presents the study protocol. Methods This will be a retrospective machine learning modeling cohort study with interventional methods (i.e., exercise prescription). We will recruit PLWC participants at baseline (from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2026) and follow up over several years (from 1 January 2027 to 31 December 2028). Specifically, participants will be eligible if they are (1) PLWC in Stage I or cancer survivors from Stage I; (2) aged between 18 and 55 years; (3) interested in physical exercise for rehabilitation; (4) willing to wear smart sensors/watches; (5) assessed by doctors as suitable for exercise interventions. At baseline, clinical exercise physiologist certificated by the joint training program (from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2024) of American College of Sports Medicine and Chinese Association of Sports Medicine will recommend exercise prescription to each participant. During the follow-up, effective exercise prescription will be determined by assessing the CVD status of the participants. Expected outcomes This study aims to develop not only an interpretable machine learning model to recommend exercise prescription but also an intelligent system of exercise prescription for precision cardio-oncology preventive care. Ethics This study is approved by Human Experimental Ethics Inspection of Guangzhou Sport University. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300077887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Shan He
- Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyi Liang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Division of Physical Education, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China
- School of Education, City University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kecheng Chen
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Syns Institute of Educational Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heling Dong
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhi Xu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Department of Health Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Cheng
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fengshi Jing
- Institute for Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Application, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- UNC Project-China, UNC Global, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
- ZCST Health and Medicine Industry Research Institute, Zhuhai, China
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Xiao Z, Cruz M, Hojo E, Eungpinichpong W, Wang X, Xiao L, Chatchawan U, Hu Y, Roberts N. The benefits of Shuai Shou Gong (SSG) demonstrated in a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) study of older adults in two communities in Thailand. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282405. [PMID: 37228152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shuai Shou Gong (SSG) is a type of Arm Swing Exercise (ASE) developed and practiced especially by older people in China for over one thousand years to maintain physical health and well-being. Until now the potential benefits of SSG have not been investigated in a Randomised Control Trial (RCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty six older women were recruited from each of two urban communities in Khon Kaen, Thailand. One community was randomly assigned as the Exercise Group (mean age 68.3 years, standard deviation 5.6 years) and the other as the Control Group (69.4 years, 4.4 years). The Exercise Group performed SSG for 40 minutes, three days per week for two months, whereas the Control Group maintained their usual daily life. Measurements of Posture (C7 to Wall Distance (C7WD), Standing Height (SH), Flexibility (Back Scratch of Left and Right arms (BSL and BSR) and Chair Sit and Reach of Left and Right legs (CSRL and CSRR), Gait (Timed Up and Go (TUG)), and Cognition (Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (BADL) and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) questionnaires) were recorded for each group prior to, on day 1, week 4, and week 8 of the SSG training. RESULTS The 8 week SSG training course produced a significant interaction between group and time for the combined set of all outcome measures (C7WD, SH, BSL, BSR, CSRL, CSRR, TUG, BADL, and BSES) (Modified ANOVA-Type Statistic (MATS) p-value < 0.001) and for the four categories of Posture, Flexibility, Gait, and Cognition (all Wald-Type Statistic (WTS) p-values < 0.05) and in all cases the changes in the Exercise Group were in the direction predicted to be beneficial. No significant interaction effect between time and group was found after either one session or four weeks of SSG training for any of the categories (all WTS p > 0.05) with significant effects only arising after eight weeks (all WTS p < 0.05). Thus although alterations were shown to be increasingly beneficial over time the minimum period required to produce a statistically significant benefit from performing SSG training was 8 weeks. For the Control Group no significant changes were identified for Posture, Flexibility and Cognition however a significant deterioration was observed in TUG (WTS p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS SSG is a holistic, gentle, rhythmic, whole body sequence of movements that may be readily learned and enjoyed in a group setting and has been confirmed in an RCT study of older adult females to produce significant benefits in Posture, Flexibility, Gait and Cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS), Khon Kaen University (KKU), Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Marcos Cruz
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Emi Hojo
- Centre for Reproductive Health (CRH), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Wichai Eungpinichpong
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS), Khon Kaen University (KKU), Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Xingze Wang
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Uraiwan Chatchawan
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS), Khon Kaen University (KKU), Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ying Hu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Neil Roberts
- Centre for Reproductive Health (CRH), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Condition of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs in Subjects with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111894. [DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effect of two community-based physical activity (PA) programs on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and physical condition in people with cardiovascular risk factors. Fifty-one subjects participated in the “ACTIVA Murcia” AM3 program characterized by non-individualized training loads for 3 months, and forty-two participated in the AM6 program characterized by individualized progressive training loads for 6 months. Both programs included a 6-month follow-up period without PA. HRQL was assessed with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and physical condition by VO2 max, strength, flexibility, and balance. Participants in the AM6 program as compared with those in the AM3 program showed significantly higher scores in the subscales of physical functioning, mental health, energy/vitality, and general health. Mental health and general health at 6 months of follow-up were also scored significantly higher by AM6 participants. VO2 max and flexibility improved more in the AM6 group, whereas strength was better in the AM3 group. Half of the participants in the AM6 program expressed a strong willingness to continue exercising vs. 38% in the AM3 program. In this study, a community-based PA program with individualized progressive training loads of 6-month duration showed a more favorable impact on HRQL than a 3-month non-individualized PA program.
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Whole-Body Vibration Effects on Flexibility in Artistic Gymnastics—A Systematic Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050595. [PMID: 35630012 PMCID: PMC9143419 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that whole body-vibration training has effects on muscle strength and flexibility, blood circulation, decreases pain perception and strengthens bone and tendon. Although whole body-vibration has benefits in athletes’ flexibility, we are not sure what its actual effects are in artistic gymnastics (since they already have stunning flexibility). Hence, the aim of this study was to analyse the studies on whole-body vibration in artistic gymnastics and to present the effects on flexibility. The search and analysis were carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The databases search (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost and Science Direct) yielded 18,057 potential studies. By the given inclusion criteria (studies from 2005 to 2022; full-text published in English; the study included male and female gymnasts as samples, and that participants were tested for evaluation of flexibility by whole-body vibration method), a total of 9 full-text studies were included, with a total of 210 participants, both male and female. As far as the measured flexibility tests conducted, front split, sit and reach and bridge were evaluated, while obtained results were 9.1–39.1%, 2.79–6.7%, 6.43–7.45%, respectively. All studies have conducted same vibration frequency (30 Hz) with same amplitude of displacements (2 mm), except for the one study who did not show the information of implemented amplitude. After analysing the obtained results, it can be concluded that the usage of whole-body vibration platform shows flexibility improvements in artistic gymnasts, both male and female. In addition, a combination of whole-body vibration and traditional static stretching may enhance the flexibility in artistic gymnasts. However, these results should be taken with caution. Since this review did not reveal the optimal vibrational protocol, it is necessary to invest time during the implementation of various vibrational experimental protocols, so future research is required.
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Hua A, Bai J, Fan Y, Wang J. Comparison of Distance and Angular Analysis for Measurement of Hamstring Flexibility in Preschoolers. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010039. [PMID: 35053665 PMCID: PMC8774374 DOI: 10.3390/children9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to (1) investigate the reliability and usefulness of a proposed angular analysis during a modified sit-and-reach (MSR) test, and (2) compare the proposed MSR angular analysis and the commonly used MSR distance to verify the influence of the anthropometric characteristics in preschoolers. 194 preschoolers participated in the study. Before testing, the anthropometric characteristics were collected. Each participant performed the MSR test twice. The MSR distance score was obtained from the starting point to the reaching point, while the MSR angle score was calculated according to the approximate hip flexion angle. Both the relative and absolute reliability were good for the angular analysis during an MSR test in preschoolers (ICC ranging from 0.82 to 0.91, CV% ranging from 8.21 to 9.40). The angular analysis demonstrated good usefulness, with a lower typical error than the smallest worthwhile change in 3- and 5-year-old groups. The MSR angle scores could eliminate the concern of the influence of anthropometric characteristics, while MSR distance and anthropometric characteristics (i.e., sitting height and arm length) were found to be weakly correlated. In conclusion, the angular analysis when performing the MSR test is reliable and appears to eliminate the concern regarding the limb length bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hua
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jingyuan Bai
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Sports, Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.H.); (J.B.)
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0571)-8827-3843
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Xiao W, Soh KG, Wazir MRWN, Talib O, Bai X, Bu T, Sun H, Popovic S, Masanovic B, Gardasevic J. Effect of Functional Training on Physical Fitness Among Athletes: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738878. [PMID: 34552511 PMCID: PMC8450457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that functional training is beneficial for the overall physical fitness of athletes. However, there is a lack of a systematic review focused on the effects of functional training on athletes' physical fitness. Thus, the aimed of the present review is to clarify the effects of functional training on physical fitness among athletes. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) Statement guidelines, the systematic search of PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and CINAHL Plus databases was undertaken on the 2nd November 2020 to identify the reported studies, using a combination of keywords related to functional training, physical fitness, and athletes. From the 145 studies, only nine articles met all eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. The assessment was performed on the Pedro scale, and the quality of the study included in the nine studies was fair (ranging from 3 to 4). The results showed that speed (n = 6) was the aspect of physical fitness studied in functional training interventions, followed by muscular strength (n = 5), power (n = 4), balance (n = 3), body composition (n = 3), agility (n = 3), flexibility (n = 1) and muscular endurance (n = 1). Existing evidence concludes that functional training significantly impacts speed, muscular strength, power, balance, and agility. Furthermore, there are still limit numbers of evidence showing effect of functional training on flexibility and muscular endurance. In contrast, no significant improvement was found in body composition where functional training was conducted. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD4202123092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | | | - Othman Talib
- Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Te Bu
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Stevo Popovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Montenegrin Sports Academy (MSA), Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Bojan Masanovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Montenegrin Sports Academy (MSA), Podgorica, Montenegro
- Montenegrosport, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Jovan Gardasevic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Montenegrin Sports Academy (MSA), Podgorica, Montenegro
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10
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Haughey JP, Fine P. Effects of the lower jaw position on athletic performance of elite athletes. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 6:e000886. [PMID: 34422287 PMCID: PMC8323458 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When an athlete wears a mouthguard, the position of the lower jaw is changed by virtue of the teeth being unable to occlude. Little research is available in in this area, which have indicated both positive impact and no positive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Fine
- CPD, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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Fitzgerald C, Barley R, Hunt J, Klasto SP, West R. A Mixed-Method Investigation into Therapeutic Yoga as an Adjunctive Treatment for People Recovering from Substance Use Disorders. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMind Body Connect (MBC) is a charity which uses therapeutic yoga as a vehicle of change for marginalized populations. Alongside MBC, Sheffield Hallam University’s SHU Strength researchers carried out this study aiming to: (1) Gauge the impact of therapeutic yoga classes upon the mood state of people with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and (2) Explore the perceived benefits of therapeutic yoga class participation. An adapted shortened Profile of Mood States (POMS) was completed before and after each yoga class. A comparison of means with paired sample T-Test and Cohen’s D was then carried out. Participants who attended 6+ classes were interviewed. Findings were then converged. Before and after measurements of anger, sadness, tiredness, worry, confusion, energy and relaxation were taken, Classes were held at SHU for service users from a Phoenix Future’s (PF) rehabilitation centre. A single yoga class significantly relaxed participants and reduced negative mood states. Interview data covered a range of perceived benefits including the use of yogic down-regulation techniques as daily coping strategies. The MBC yoga programme appears beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for PF residents. Future SHU Strength research shall focus on the mid-long-term exercise habits of the recovery community and the impact of the MBC yoga programme upon the early recovery period of detoxification.
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Abstract
Flexibility refers to the intrinsic properties of body tissues that determine maximal joint range of motion without causing injury. For many years, flexibility has been classified by the American College of Sports Medicine as a major component of physical fitness. The notion flexibility is important for fitness has also led to the idea static stretching should be prescribed to improve flexibility. The current paper proposes flexibility be retired as a major component of physical fitness, and consequently, stretching be de-emphasized as a standard component of exercise prescriptions for most populations. First, I show flexibility has little predictive or concurrent validity with health and performance outcomes (e.g., mortality, falls, occupational performance) in apparently healthy individuals, particularly when viewed in light of the other major components of fitness (i.e., body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength). Second, I explain that if flexibility requires improvement, this does not necessitate a prescription of stretching in most populations. Flexibility can be maintained or improved by exercise modalities that cause more robust health benefits than stretching (e.g., resistance training). Retirement of flexibility as a major component of physical fitness will simplify fitness batteries; save time and resources dedicated to flexibility instruction, measurement, and evaluation; and prevent erroneous conclusions about fitness status when interpreting flexibility scores. De-emphasis of stretching in exercise prescriptions will ensure stretching does not negatively impact other exercise and does not take away from time that could be allocated to training activities that have more robust health and performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Rao MR, Itagi RK, Srinivasan TM. Impact of yoga in facilitating muscular functioning among asymptomatic male cricket players: Longitudinal randomized controlled study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 27:287-293. [PMID: 34391247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cricket is one of the prominent global team sports. With an emergence of Twenty20 tournaments, the physical preparation of elite cricket players has become complex with high match injury incidence. Yoga as a body-mind training is associated with having positive effects on a person's physical and psychological conditions, bringing in better mind-body equilibrium. OBJECTIVES Evaluating the impact of yoga in facilitating muscular functioning and mindfulness among asymptomatic male cricket players. METHOD First-class domestic male cricket players in the age group of 18-35 years were randomized into yoga group n=42 and wait-list control group n=40. Players received the yoga module for five days per week for a duration of six weeks. Primary outcome measures of muscular functioning were core stability, flexibility, range of motion, static balance, dynamic balance and proprioception of the ankle. Assessments were held at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and a follow-up after six months of intervention. RESULTS A statistical significance with p < .001 was observed for most of the variables at T2 and T3. Comparison of the model fit shows a highly significant p < 0.001 difference between the model as compared to the baseline model among most of the variables. CONCLUSION This yoga module was appropriate for enhancing muscular functioning variables of this study. Continuous practice of this yoga module can reinforce sustainable benefits for male cricket players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa R Rao
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed-to-be University), Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, #19, 'Eknath Bhavan', Gavipuram circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India.
| | - Ravi Kumar Itagi
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed-to-be University), Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, #19, 'Eknath Bhavan', Gavipuram circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India.
| | - T M Srinivasan
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA Deemed-to-be University), Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, #19, 'Eknath Bhavan', Gavipuram circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India.
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Kaur K, Sinha AGK. Effectiveness of massage on flexibility of hamstring muscle and agility of female players: An experimental randomized controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:519-526. [PMID: 33218556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimeded to examine acute and late effects of five consecutive sessions of Swedish massage on hamstring flexibility and agility of players. METHODS Arandom sample of 34 female players having bilateral tight hamstrings [passive straight leg raise ≤70° and active knee extension test ≥ 30°] was randomly allocated to two equal groups. Study design involved 7 minute massage given on each posterior thigh for 5 continuous days; followed by 5 days of no massage. Experimental group received classical Swedish massage whereas control group received only superficial stroking. Outcome measures were Passive straight leg raise [PSLR], Active knee extension test [AKET], Passive knee extension test [PKET], Back saver sit and reach test [BSSR] for flexibility and 5-0-5 change of direction test for agility measured pre and post intervention on each days of massage and also on 10th day. Two way ANOVA with post hoc t-test was the tool of statistical analysis with significance level 0.05. RESULTS Significant [p ≤ 0.05] post intervention increase in all parameters of flexibility was observed each day in experimental group within PSLR (8%-12% ↑), AKET (10%24% ↓) and PKET (12%-30% ↓) and highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) increase on 5th and 10th day in BSSR (4%-21% ↑) for both legs. Pre and post intervention values for control group were not significantly different. No significant changes were observed in agility performance of both groups. CONCLUSION Swedish massage of posterior thigh appears to acutely increase flexibility of hamstrings in female athletes, which persisted for 5 days even after cessation of massage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuljot Kaur
- Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - A G K Sinha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India.
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15
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Bigdeli S, Dehghaniyan MH, Amani-Shalamzari S, Rajabi H, Gahreman DE. Functional training with blood occlusion influences muscle quality indices in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A Proposal of Physical Performance Tests Adapted as Home Workout Options during the COVID-19 Pandemic. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation and physical distancing measures, such as quarantine, local confinement, lockdown and isolation, aim to slow the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This condition is necessary; however, sedentary behaviors are stimulated. The aim of this manuscript is to propose simple home-based exercises that everyone, considering their individual limitations, could perform. Moreover, individuals might monitor their performance daily. Feasible and useful home-based exercise strategies, to counter-balance the negative impact of the sedentary lifestyle during confinement, will stimulate the population to perform some exercises wherever possible. For this, home-based exercises were proposed based on physical tests, such as a stair climb test, balance test, single-leg-stance-test, gait speed, five-chair stand, free walking, free run, six-minute walk test, timed up and go, sit-and-reach, fingertip-to-floor test, and free physical exercises. It is important to consider that when the individual is performing the test, physical exercise is also being done. In conclusion, several exercises that consider the clinical conditions of the individuals and can reduce their sedentary behavior, considering COVID-19 confinement, are suggested to improve the population’s quality of life.
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Self-Myofascial Release of the Superficial Back Line Improves Sit-and-Reach Distance. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:400-404. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Decreased hamstring flexibility can lead to a plethora of musculoskeletal injuries, including low back pain, hamstring strains, and patellofemoral pain. Lack of flexibility may be the result of myofascial adhesions. The fascia connected to the hamstrings is part of the superficial back line that runs from the cranium to the plantar aspect of the foot. Any disruption along this chain may limit the flexibility of the hamstring. Objective: To investigate if self-myofascial release (SMR) of the plantar surface of the foot in addition to the hamstring group was more effective at improving the flexibility of the hamstrings when compared with either intervention alone. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Athletic training facility. Participants: Fifteen college students (5 males and 10 females; age: 20.9 [1.4] y, height: 173.1 [10.3] cm, mass: 80.0 [24.9] kg) who were not older than 30, with no history of low back pain or injury within the past 6 months, no history of leg pain or injury within the past 6 months, no current signs or symptoms of cervical or lumbar radicular pain, no current complaint of numbness or tingling in the lower-extremity, and no history of surgery in the lower-extremity or legs. Interventions: Each participant received each intervention separated by at least 96 hours in a randomized order: hamstring foam rolling, lacrosse ball on the plantar surface of the foot, and a combination of both. Main Outcome Measures: The sit-and-reach test evaluated hamstring flexibility of each participant before and immediately after each intervention. Results: There were no significant differences found among the SMR techniques on sit-and-reach distance (F2,41 = 2.7, P = .08, ). However, at least 20% of participants in each intervention improved sit-and-reach distance by 2.5 cm. Conclusions: SMR may improve sit-and-reach distance, but one technique of SMR does not seem to be superior to another.
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Kalaycioglu T, Apostolopoulos NC, Goldere S, Duger T, Baltaci G. Effect of a Core Stabilization Training Program on Performance of Ballet and Modern Dancers. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1166-1175. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Validity and Reliability of Self-Perception-Based Submaximal Fitness Tests in Young Adult Females: An Educational Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: In physical activity, testing procedures generally require maximal efforts. They are not always administrable or appropriate (e.g., with beginners, elderly, or in school); therefore, alternative submaximal procedures might be more fitting. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity and reliability of submaximal tests based on perceptual variables to be used instead of the corresponding maximal procedures to evaluate muscular endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The sustainability of this “educational” rationale to achieve the individual self-government and self-determination of testing and exercising has been further discussed. Methods: A total of 16 female gym practitioners (age 23 ± 3 years) performed five submaximal tests (push-up, S-PU; crunch, S-CR; wall-sit, S-WS; bending forward, S-BF; Step test, S-ST), whose results were compared to those from the corresponding maximal tests (push-up, PU; crunch, CR; wall-sit, WS; sit-and-reach, S&R; Yo-yo, YY). Results: The Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was higher than 0.8 in all of the submaximal tests. High correlations were found between all submaximal and maximal tests except between YY and S-ST, though their mean heart rates were correlated. Conclusions: Submaximal tests based on an internal load at about 50% of the maximal perceived exertion are equally valid and reliable to the corresponding gold-standard maximal tests, except for the cardiorespiratory evaluation. The educational rationale of this study supports self-acting as a calibration mechanism of physical activity, promoting a proper use of the body but not its overuse.
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Koumantakis GA, Roussou E, Angoules GA, Angoules NA, Alexandropoulos T, Mavrokosta G, Nikolaou P, Karathanassi F, Papadopoulou M. The immediate effect of IASTM vs. Vibration vs. Light Hand Massage on knee angle repositioning accuracy and hamstrings flexibility: A pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:96-104. [PMID: 32826015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effectiveness of novel soft-tissue interventions relative to traditional ones requires further exploration. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the immediate effect of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) compared to Vibration Massage or Light Hand Massage on hamstrings' flexibility and knee proprioception. METHODS 16 healthy non-injured male participants (mean age 23.7 years, height 1.80 cms and body mass 77.7 kg) were randomly assigned to the following interventions: (a) 5min IASTM, (b) 5min Vibration Massage and (c) 8min Light Hand-Massage, sequentially delivered to all participants with an in-between 1-week time interval. A single application of each intervention was given over the hamstrings of their dominant leg (repeated measures under 3 different experimental conditions). An active knee angle reproduction proprioception test and the back-saver sit and reach flexibility test were performed before and immediately after each intervention. Reliability of outcomes was also assessed. RESULTS Reliability for flexibility (ICC3,1 = 0.97-0.99/SEM = 0.83-1.52 cm) and proprioception (ICC3,1 = 0.83-0.88/SEM = 1.63-2.02°) was very good. For flexibility, statistically significant immediate improvement (p < 0.001) was noted in all 3 groups (1.61-3.23 cm), with no between-group differences. For proprioception, improvement in the IASTM (2.12°), Vibration Massage (0.32°) and Light Hand-Massage (1.17°) conditions was not statistically significant; no between-group differences were also evident. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that muscle flexibility was positively influenced immediately after a single intervention of IASTM, Vibration Massage or Light Hand Massage. Proprioception changes were not statistically significant either within or between groups. Further evaluation of those interventions in a larger population with hamstrings pathology is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Koumantakis
- 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, Physiotherapy Department, Pan. Kanellopoulou 1, Athens, Greece; Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Eleonora Roussou
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Georgios A Angoules
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nikolaos A Angoules
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Theodoros Alexandropoulos
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Georgia Mavrokosta
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Prokopios Nikolaou
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Filippi Karathanassi
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Papadopoulou
- Metropolitan College, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece - Affiliated Institution with Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Bucht H, Donath L. Sauna Yoga Superiorly Improves Flexibility, Strength, and Balance: A Two-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193721. [PMID: 31581690 PMCID: PMC6801954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Besides strength and balance, flexibility is an important indicator of health-related physical fitness. Thus, the aim of this two-armed randomized controlled pilot trial was to investigate whether sauna yoga at a moderate temperature (50 °C) beneficially affects flexibility, strength, balance, and quality of life (QOL) in healthy elderly community dwellers. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT, n = 11, age: 68.7 ± 5.9) or control group (CON, n = 12, age: 69.3 ± 4.9), using the minimization method. Age, physical activity, gender, and the primary outcome flexibility were used as strata for group allocation. Both groups completed similar exercises in the sauna over eight weeks. Only the INT group was exposed to moderate temperatures of 50 °C. Large and statistically significant improvement in favor of the sauna group (INT) was observed for the chair sit-and-reach test (INT: +83%, CON +3%, p = 0.028, np2 = 0.24). The shoulder and lateral spine flexibility were not relevantly affected. Strength in the lower extremities merely showed a tendency to significant changes (INT: 16%, CON: 3%, p = 0.061, np2 = 0.181). Additionally, balance abilities, with eyes closed, improved (INT: 187%, CON +58%, p = 0.056, np2 = 0.189) in favor of the INT group. QOL only improved in favor of the INT for environmental dimension (INT: +7%, CON: 0%, p = 0.034, np2 = 0.227). These first but preliminary findings indicate that sauna yoga may serve as a promising and feasible means to improve flexibility in elderly people. Strength and balance do not meaningfully benefit from a sauna environment, although strength improved to a slightly higher extent in the sauna group. Future large-scale research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Bucht
- Institute of Sport and Movement Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lars Donath
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Bueno-Gracia E, Pérez-Bellmunt A, Estébanez-de-Miguel E, López-de-Celis C, Shacklock M, Caudevilla-Polo S, González-Rueda V. Differential movement of the sciatic nerve and hamstrings during the straight leg raise with ankle dorsiflexion: Implications for diagnosis of neural aspect to hamstring disorders. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 43:91-95. [PMID: 31374476 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In hamstrings injuries, sciatic nerve and muscle disorders can coexist. Therefore, differential diagnosis to include or exclude nerve involvement is an important aspect of evaluation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the sciatic nerve and biceps femoris muscle in the proximal thigh with the ankle dorsiflexion manoeuvre at different degrees of hip flexion during the straight leg raise in cadavers. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out. Linear displacement transducers were inserted into the sciatic nerve and the biceps femoris muscle of 11 lower extremities from 6 fresh cadavers to measure potential strain of both structures during ankle dorsiflexion at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° of hip flexion during the straight leg raise. Excursion was also measured with a digital calliper. RESULTS Ankle dorsiflexion resulted in significant strain and distal excursion of the sciatic nerve at all ranges of hip flexion during the straight leg raise (p < 0.05). In contrast, the ankle movement did not affect the strain in biceps femoris at any position of the hip (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Ankle dorsiflexion at different degrees of hip flexion during the straight leg raise produces changes in the strain and excursion of the sciatic nerve in the upper thigh. In contrast, the biceps femoris muscle at the same location was not affected by ankle movement. These findings show differential behaviour between the nerve and muscle with ankle dorsiflexion at this location that could be used as differential diagnosis in posterior hip pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Vanesa González-Rueda
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Nyante GG, Oppong C, Bonney E. Sex differences in physical activity among Ghanaian patients with sickle cell disease. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 32:63. [PMID: 31223355 PMCID: PMC6560996 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.63.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Musculoskeletal pain and functional limitations experienced by patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) impact their physical activity and social behaviour. Yet, we know little about physical activity behaviour in patients with SCD. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in physical activity, sedentary time and measures of fitness among Ghanaian adults with SCD. The study also determined the association between outcome variables in this population. Methods Patients with SCD attending a sickle cell clinic in a tertiary hospital in Accra, Ghana participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity, sedentary time, body composition, flexibility and cardiovascular endurance were assessed. Demographic data were also collected by self-report. Results Fifty three participants enrolled in the study. Of these, more than half were females (60.4%) and the average age of the participants was (M: 26.8, SD: 8.5 years). The total physical activity reported by the participants was different between males and females (t = 2.610, p = 0.012). However, there were no gender differences in sedentary time, body composition, flexibility and cardiovascular endurance. A moderately significant association was found between sedentary time and cardiovascular endurance (r = 0.437, p = 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest that gender differences in physical activity are apparent in patients with SCD. Investigations into the mechanisms underpinning these differences are warranted. Additionally, longitudinal observations of objectively measured physical activity may be useful to validate these results in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifty Gyamah Nyante
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Catherine Oppong
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Bonney
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
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He H, Pan L, Du J, Liu F, Jin Y, Ma J, Wang L, Jia P, Hu Z, Shan G. Muscle fitness and its association with body mass index in children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:101. [PMID: 30971224 PMCID: PMC6456985 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was the first one aimed to investigate the current muscle fitness and its associated factors among children and adolescents in mainland China. METHODS From Nov 2013 to Jul 2014, 2283 children and adolescents aged 7-18 were recruited in Hainan and Shaanxi Provinces in China by cross-sectional design. Information on anthropometry and muscle fitness, measured by hand grip strength (GS), vertical jump (VJ) and sit-and-reach (SR), were collected. Analysis of covariance was performed by using general linear regression models to identify the association between BMI and muscle fitness. RESULTS The means of GS, VJ and SR in boys were 22.30 ± 11.55 kg, 22.93 ± 6.80 cm and 3.58 ± 7.31 cm, respectively, and in girls were 16.61 ± 6.87 kg, 18.11 ± 4.08 cm and 7.18 ± 5.72 cm, respectively. GS (from 8.26 kg in the 7-8-year-old group to 27.91 kg in the 17-18 group) and SR (from 1.75 cm in the-8-year-old group to 10.12 cm in the 17-18 group) increased with age (both p for trend < 0.001). Boys had higher GS and VJ, but significantly lower SR than girls in each age group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, residential areas and study regions, GS increased with elevated BMI (compared with normal weight group, the regression coefficient for thinness and overweight/obesity were - 2.997(95%CI: -3.693 to - 2.301) and 1.220 (95%CI: 0.285 to 2.155), respectively. With the p values less than 0.001 and 0.011, respectively). For VJ, there was no difference found between normal weight group and overweight/obesity group (p = 0.550), but the thinness group had the lowest performance (regression coefficient = - 2.681, 95%CI from - 3.965 to - 1.397, p < 0.001). For SR, compared with normal weight group, the regression coefficients for thinness and overweight/obesity were - 1.313(95%CI: -2.228 to - 0.399) and - 1.623(95%CI: -3.216 to - 0.030) respectively, both p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Increased body weight may have a positive association with isometric muscle strength measured by grip strength, but a negative one with strength of lifting the body. Sex difference was also found in the performance of flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jianwei Du
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuming Jin
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jingang Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pengben Jia
- Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, 570203, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Cherni Y, Desseauve D, Decatoire A, Veit-Rubinc N, Begon M, Pierre F, Fradet L. Evaluation of ligament laxity during pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 48:351-357. [PMID: 30794956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy-related changes in ligament laxity have been shown to be associated with various disorders such as back pain or pelvic floor disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess laxity changes during pregnancy by confronting different methods in order to suggest a simple clinical tool helping to prevent the aforementioned problems. DESIGN Seventeen pregnant women were evaluated at the first, second and third trimesters as cases and 16 non-pregnant women participated as controls. Ligamentous laxity was measured using an extensometer for the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index, a fingertip to floor test and a sit and reach test to assess hip and lumbar flexibility and the Beighton score. Statistical analysis included independent samples t-tests, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Laxity of the metacarpophalangeal joint increased by 11% from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy and stabilized until delivery. The Beighton score was significantly higher in the second trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.05). The flexibility of the hip and lumbar vertebra showed a significant increase of the distance measured between the foot soles and the middle fingers at third trimester (p < 0.05). A moderate correlation was observed between the results given by the extensometer and the Beighton score in both the cases and the control group at first trimester (r = 0.60, p < 0.05) but none was found for the two hip and lumbar flexibility tests. CONCLUSION Laxity reached its maximum at the second trimester. The combination of an objective measurement by the extensometer and a global evaluation of the laxity by the Beighton' score for example may be useful for a daily assessment of laxity. However, the chosen clinical tests don't seem appropriate to be used alone in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Cherni
- Institut Pprime. Axe RoBioSS, CNRS UPR 3346 Université de Poitiers, Téléport 2, boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie BP 30179, 86962, Futuroscope, France; Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, 1700 rue Jacques-Tétreault, H7N 0B6, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - David Desseauve
- Institut Pprime. Axe RoBioSS, CNRS UPR 3346 Université de Poitiers, Téléport 2, boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie BP 30179, 86962, Futuroscope, France; Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Decatoire
- Institut Pprime. Axe RoBioSS, CNRS UPR 3346 Université de Poitiers, Téléport 2, boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie BP 30179, 86962, Futuroscope, France
| | | | - Mickaël Begon
- Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, 1700 rue Jacques-Tétreault, H7N 0B6, Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre de réadaptation Marie-Enfant, CHU Sainte-Justine, 5200 Rue Bélanger, H1T 1C9, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Laetitia Fradet
- Institut Pprime. Axe RoBioSS, CNRS UPR 3346 Université de Poitiers, Téléport 2, boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie BP 30179, 86962, Futuroscope, France.
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Banno T, Togawa D, Hasegawa T, Yamato Y, Yoshida G, Kobayashi S, Yasuda T, Arima H, Oe S, Mihara Y, Ushirozako H, Matsuyama Y. The controlled study of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis for the assessment of physical function in elderly populations. J Orthop Sci 2018; 23:929-934. [PMID: 30119929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is associated with increasing age, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the clinical impacts of DISH on physical function and spinal deformity in elderly populations. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of DISH on physical function, spinal deformity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in elderly populations. METHODS We enrolled 504 volunteers (203 men and 301 women, mean age 74.0 years). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, grip strength, one-leg standing time, sit-and-reach, functional reach, and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Using whole spine standing X-rays, the prevalence, location, and numbers of fused vertebra of DISH and spinopelvic parameters were measured. HRQOL measures, including the Oswestry Disability Index and the EuroQuol-5D were also obtained. We compared DISH subjects with control subjects of age and sex matching. We compared DISH subjects in the thoracic spine (T-DISH) to those in the thoraco-lumbar spine (TL-DISH). RESULTS DISH occurred more frequently in men (14.3%) than in women (4.3%). The mean age was significantly higher of subjects with DISH than of those without DISH. The mean number of fused vertebra by DISH was 5.5 ± 1.5, and T-DISH was observed in 57% cases. DISH group showed greater body weights, BMIs, blood pressures, and BMD in the lumbar spine compared to the control group. No inter-group differences were observed in physical function, HRQOL and spinopelvic parameters. Subjects with TL-DISH had significantly lower values of sit-and-reach and functional reach than those with T-DISH. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with DISH showed greater body weights, BMIs, blood pressures, and BMD compared to age- and sex-matched controls, while physical function, spinal alignment, and HRQOL were comparable between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Banno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Togawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Geriatric Musculoskeletal Health, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yu Yamato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Go Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yasuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Arima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Oe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Geriatric Musculoskeletal Health, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Mihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ushirozako
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Matsuyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Shariat A, Lam ETC, Shaw BS, Shaw I, Kargarfard M, Sangelaji B. Impact of back squat training intensity on strength and flexibility of hamstring muscle group. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2017; 30:641-647. [PMID: 28372315 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-160526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN True experimental design. BACKGROUND The back squat is an integral aspect of any resistance training program to improve athletic performance. It is also used for injury prevention of the lower limbs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of back squat training at different intensities on strength and flexibility of the hamstring muscle group (HMG). METHODS Twenty-two male recreational bodybuilders with at least two years of experience in resistance training were recruited to participate in a nine-week training program. They were randomly assigned to a heavy back squat group (90-95% of one repetition maximum) or a moderate-intensity back squat group (60-65% of one repetition maximum). RESULTS The heavy back squat group resulted in a significantly (p < 0.001) increased in one repetition maximum strength but a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in HMG flexibility when compared to their counterparts. The results of the study indicate that while a heavy back squat training program is effective in improving strength, it has an adverse effect on the flexibility of the HMG. CONCLUSION The implication of this study is that there is a tradeoff between strength and flexibility and trainers should select the appropriate training protocols for their athletes to maximize athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Shariat
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Eddie T C Lam
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brandon S Shaw
- Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ina Shaw
- Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Sangelaji
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Minahan CL, Poke DP, Morrison J, Bellinger PM. Muscle Damage and Metabolic Responses to Repeated-Sprint Running With and Without Deceleration. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 34:3423-3430. [PMID: 29189585 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Minahan, CL, Poke, DP, Morrison, J, and Bellinger, PM. Muscle damage and metabolic responses to repeated-sprint running with and without deceleration. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3423-3430, 2020-This study aimed to determine whether repeated-sprint running with deceleration aggravates markers of muscle damage or delays the recovery of performance compared with repeated-sprint running without deceleration. Fourteen male team-sport athletes performed 2 randomly ordered testing sessions on a nonmotorized treadmill with one session requiring subjects to decelerate (TMd) within 4 seconds before stopping or immediately step to the side of the treadmill belt at the completion of each sprint (TMa). Peak and mean velocities, speed decrement, blood lactate concentrations, and oxygen uptake were monitored during the repeated-sprint running protocols. Countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) performance, perceived muscle soreness, sit-and-reach flexibility, plasma creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin (Mb) concentrations were quantified immediately before and after and 45 minutes, 24 and 48 hours after repeated-sprint running protocols. Although muscle damage was indicated by increases in CK, LDH, and Mb (p ≤ 0.05) in both groups, there was no significant effect of condition (TMa vs. TMd) on any of the measured performance or physiological variables (p > 0.05). The present study indicated that the removal of deceleration from repeated-sprint running on a nonmotorized treadmill has no effect on metabolism or performance during or after repeated-sprint running or markers of muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Minahan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and.,Griffith Sports Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel P Poke
- Griffith Sports Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaime Morrison
- Griffith Sports Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip M Bellinger
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; and.,Griffith Sports Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Simon JE, Docherty CL. The Impact of Previous Athletic Experience on Current Physical Fitness in Former Collegiate Athletes and Noncollegiate Athletes. Sports Health 2017; 9:462-468. [PMID: 28475420 PMCID: PMC5582695 DOI: 10.1177/1941738117705311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical activity performed at moderate intensity is associated with reduced risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some types of cancers. However, vigorous physical activity during participation in college athletics may increase the risk of injury, which might limit future physical activity levels. Purpose: To evaluate differences in current physical fitness levels between former Division I athletes and noncollegiate athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The sample was recruited from a large midwestern university alumni database and consisted of 2 cohorts: (1) former Division I athletes (n = 100; mean age, 53.1 ± 7.4 years) and (2) nonathletes who were active in college (n = 100; age, 51.4 ± 7.3 years). Individuals answered a demographics questionnaire and completed a physical fitness assessment consisting of 7 measures: percent body fat, 1-mile walk, sit-to-stand test, push-up, half sit-up test, sit and reach test, and back scratch test. Results: Performance was significantly worse for former Division I athletes compared with nonathletes for percent body fat (mean difference, 7.58%; F(1, 198) = 59.91; P < 0.01), mile time (mean difference, 2.42 minutes; F(1, 198) = 1.74; P = 0.03), sit-to-stand test (mean difference, 4.3 repetitions; F(1, 198) = 6.59; P = 0.01), and push-up test (mean difference, 8.9 repetitions; F(1, 198) = 7.35; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Former Division I athletes may be limited because of previous injury, inhibiting their ability to stay active later in life. Clinical Relevance: It is imperative that clinicians, coaches, and strength and conditioning specialists understand the possible future repercussions from competing at the Division I level.
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Alfuth M, Welsink DW. Pain and functional outcomes after outpatient physiotherapy in patients with low back pain. DER ORTHOPADE 2017; 46:522-529. [PMID: 28204835 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-017-3390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiotherapy treatment programs are recommended in the rehabilitation of low back pain (LBP). Rehabilitation institutions are increasingly asked to demonstrate the outcomes of their intensive physiotherapy services. AIM To describe pain and functional outcome measures following a 6-month outpatient physiotherapy treatment program in patients with LBP. METHODS A total of 85 patients were analysed after being treated with a combination of physiotherapeutic treatment modalities 2-3 days weekly. Pain and disability were measured before, 3 and 6 months after the onset of treatment. Isometric trunk muscle strength for flexion and extension and flexibility of dorsal trunk and thigh structures were measured before and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS After 6 months, pain at rest decreased from a median of 4.0 to 0.0 (p < 0.01) and pain during activity from a median of 5.5 to 2.0 on the numeric rating scale (p < 0.001). The Roland-Morris Disability (RMDQ) score decreased from a median of 7.0 to 3.0 (p < 0.001). Mean trunk muscle flexion strength increased from 133.7 to 156.0 Nm and for extension from 235.5 to 278.3 Nm (p < 0.001). Flexibility was improved from a mean of -5.9 to -1.4 cm (p < 0.001). A moderate correlation between pain at rest and RMDQ score was found after 3 (r = 0.532, p < 0.01) and 6 months (r = 0.508, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Patients with LBP who were treated with the physiotherapeutic treatment program showed a clinically relevant reduction of pain and disability with improved trunk muscle strength and flexibility. Reductions in pain and disability do not seem to correlate with increased trunk muscle strength and flexibility. No conclusions can be declared about long-term changes after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alfuth
- Faculty of Health Care (Therapeutic Sciences), Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Reinarzstr. 49, 47805, Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Dieter W Welsink
- medicoreha Welsink Rehabilitation GmbH, Ambulante Fachkliniken für Rehabilitation, Preußenstr. 84a, 41464, Neuss, Germany
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Köhne JL, Ormsbee MJ, McKune AJ. The effects of a multi-ingredient supplement on markers of muscle damage and inflammation following downhill running in females. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:44. [PMID: 27924138 PMCID: PMC5123227 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) on markers of inflammation and muscle damage, perceived soreness and lower limb performance are unknown in endurance-trained female athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of MIPS (NO-Shotgun®) pre-loaded 4 weeks prior to a single-bout of downhill running (DHR) on hsC-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, lower limb circumferences and performance. METHOD Trained female runners (n = 8; 29 ± 5.9 years) (VO2max: ≥ 50 ml-1.kg-1.min-1, midfollicular phase (7-11 days post-menses) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner into two groups: MIPS (n = 4) ingested one serving of NO Shotgun daily for 28 days prior to DHR and 30 min prior to all post-testing visits; Control (CON) (n = 4) consumed an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo in an identical manner to MIPS. hsCRP, IL-6, CK, perceived soreness, limb circumferences, and performance measures (flexibility, squat jump peak power) were tested on 5 occasions; immediately before (PRE), immediately post-DHR, 24, 48 and 72 h post-DHR. RESULTS There were main effects of time for CK (p = 0.05), pain pressure threshold (right tibialis anterior (p = 0.010), right biceps femoris (p = 0.01), and left iliotibial band (ITB) (p = 0.05) across all time points), and maximum squat jump power (p = 0.04). Compared with 24 h post-DHR, maximum squat jump power was significantly lower at 48 h post-DHR (p = 0.05). Lower body perceived soreness was significantly increased at 24 h (p = 0.02) and baseline to 48 h (p = 0.02) post DHR. IL-6 peaked immediately post-DHR (p = 0.03) and hsCRP peaked at 24 h post-DHR (p = 0.06). Calculation of effect sizes indicated a moderate attenuation of hsCRP in MIPS at 72 h post-DHR. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of MIPS for 4 weeks prior to a single bout of DHR attenuated inflammation three days post, but did not affect perceived soreness and muscle damage markers in endurance trained female runners following a single bout of DHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Köhne
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ; Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ; Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA ; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Samant R, Vishal K, D'silva C. A comparison between active knee extension test and back-saver sit-and-reach test in assessing hamstring flexibility among healthy schoolchildren in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2016.23.4.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the correlation between the active knee extension test and the back-saver sit and reach test among healthy schoolchildren aged 9–13 years in India. Method: Five hundred and two healthy schoolchildren aged between 9–13 years were recruited from selected schools in India, and their hamstring flexibility for the right and the left leg was measured using the back-saver sit and reach test and the active knee extension test. The test protocol for the back-saver sit and reach test was taken from the FITNESSGRAM fitness test (while active knee extension test was performed according to the procedures taken from reliability studies). A Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed to identify the relationship between the two scores. Results: The mean (SD) of the test values were as follows: active knee extension test right leg: 29.09 (± 6.51); left leg: 29.07 (± 6.51). Back-saver sit and reach test right leg: 10.81 (± 1.79); left leg: 10.83 (± 1.70). The two showed a moderate correlation (right leg r=-.439 and left leg r=-.429, P≤.05). The active knee extension test was more sensitive to age increments, showing an overall decrease in the scores with advancing age. Conclusion: The active knee extension test and the back-saver sit and reach test are both tests that measure hamstring flexibility. The active knee extension test was found to be more sensitive to hamstring length changes, and should be used in the assessment of flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Samant
- Postgraduate student, Department of Physiotherapy, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Vishal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Cherishma D'silva
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Mrazek MD, Mooneyham BW, Mrazek KL, Schooler JW. Pushing the Limits: Cognitive, Affective, and Neural Plasticity Revealed by an Intensive Multifaceted Intervention. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:117. [PMID: 27047361 PMCID: PMC4796033 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific understanding of how much the adult brain can be shaped by experience requires examination of how multiple influences combine to elicit cognitive, affective, and neural plasticity. Using an intensive multifaceted intervention, we discovered that substantial and enduring improvements can occur in parallel across multiple cognitive and neuroimaging measures in healthy young adults. The intervention elicited substantial improvements in physical health, working memory, standardized test performance, mood, self-esteem, self-efficacy, mindfulness, and life satisfaction. Improvements in mindfulness were associated with increased degree centrality of the insula, greater functional connectivity between insula and somatosensory cortex, and reduced functional connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and somatosensory cortex. Improvements in working memory and reading comprehension were associated with increased degree centrality of a region within the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) that was extensively and predominately integrated with the executive control network. The scope and magnitude of the observed improvements represent the most extensive demonstration to date of the considerable human capacity for change. These findings point to higher limits for rapid and concurrent cognitive, affective, and neural plasticity than is widely assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mrazek
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Mooneyham
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kaita L Mrazek
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Schooler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Chiwaridzo M, Naidoo N. Differences in personal and lifestyle characteristics among Zimbabwean high school adolescents with and without recurrent non-specific low back pain: a two part cross-sectional study. Arch Physiother 2015; 5:13. [PMID: 29340182 PMCID: PMC5759904 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-015-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is increasingly becoming common among adolescents worldwide. A recent study in Zimbabwe showed a relatively high prevalence (28.8 %) among high school students. Influential associated factors, however, remain unclear. This is a significant shortcoming. The aim was to determine personal or lifestyle-related factors associated with recurrent NSLBP among high school adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS This study was part of a large epidemiological study conducted in two continuous parts. Part one sought to determine self-reported associated factors among 532 participants (mean age =16 ± 1.72 years) drawn randomly from selected government schools using a reliable and content-validated questionnaire (Kappa coefficient, k = 0.32-1). Part two purposively identified adolescents (N = 64, median age =17 years, interquartile range, IQR = 15-18 years) with a history of 'severe' recurrent NSLBP from part one based on a specific eligibility criteria and compared body mass index, relative school bag weight and hamstring flexibility with matched adolescents without NSLBP. Data was analysed using Statistica version 11. Independent t-tests or χ2 tests of association were used for continuous and categorical data, respectively. The statistical significance was set at p < .05. RESULTS Recurrent NSLBP was associated with self-reported factors such as perceptions of a heavy school bag [χ2 (1) = 85.9, p < 0.001]. A significant proportion of adolescents with recurrent NSLBP spent over 30 min carrying the school bag to and from school [χ2 (1) =32.2, p < 0.001]. It was also associated with prolonged sitting (p < 0.001), not playing sports [χ2 (1) =5.85, p = 0.02] and tight hamstrings [χ2 (1) =7.6, p = 0.006]. CONCLUSIONS Although conclusions from this study are hesitant because of the cross-sectional nature of the study and the relatively small sample size in follow-up study, recurrent NSLBP is associated with perceptions of a heavy school bag, duration of school bag carriage, no sports participation, prolonged sitting on entertainment activities, and tight hamstrings. These findings add to the importance of promoting physical activity at school or home especially aimed at improving muscle flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chiwaridzo
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, P.O Box A178, Avondale, Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Nirmala Naidoo
- Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
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Nindl BC, Jaffin DP, Dretsch MN, Cheuvront SN, Wesensten NJ, Kent ML, Grunberg NE, Pierce JR, Barry ES, Scott JM, Young AJ, O'Connor FG, Deuster PA. Human Performance Optimization Metrics. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29 Suppl 11:S221-45. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hatipoglu E, Topsakal N, Erkut Atilgan O, Camliguney AF, Ikitimur B, Ugurlu S, Niyazoglu M, Cotuk HB, Kadioglu P. Physical and cardiovascular performance in cases with acromegaly after regular short-term exercise. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:91-7. [PMID: 25523748 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired physical performance is a disturbing complication of acromegaly. We aimed to evaluate the role of regular exercise in amelioration of the impaired physical performance in acromegaly. METHODS Patients with acromegaly were divided into two groups according to their participation in a prescheduled programme of exercise. Participants in the study group were exercised 3 days a week for 3 consecutive months. Exercise tolerance was evaluated by maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and time (T) taken to complete the Bruce protocol, muscle flexibility by the sit and reach test (SRT) and muscle strength by the hand grip strength test (HGST). Concomitantly, anthropometric assessment was performed using body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), skinfold measurements from 8 points, percentage body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM). RESULTS After 3 months of exercise, VO2 max and T were higher in cases that exercised than in cases that did not (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001). Over 3 months, within the exercise group, VO2 max and T of the Bruce protocol increased (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004) and heart rate during warming decreased (P = 0.04). SRT increased within the exercise group after 3 months (P = 0.004). HGSRT did not change significantly (right P = 0.06 and left P = 0.2). The sum of skinfolds, BMI, WHR and LBM remained stable over the study period (P = 0.1, P = 0.08, P = 0.3 and P = 0.09). PBF decreased slightly and FM decreased significantly over 3 months (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Even short-term exercise may improve impaired physical performance, muscle activity and disturbed body fat composition in acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Hatipoglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Topsakal
- Marmara University School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Erkut Atilgan
- Marmara University School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Baris Ikitimur
- Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Niyazoglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Birol Cotuk
- Marmara University School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kadioglu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Grieve R, Goodwin F, Alfaki M, Bourton AJ, Jeffries C, Scott H. The immediate effect of bilateral self myofascial release on the plantar surface of the feet on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility: A pilot randomised controlled trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 19:544-52. [PMID: 26118527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self myofascial release (SMR) via a tennis ball to the plantar aspect of the foot is widely used and advocated to increase flexibility and range of movement further along the posterior muscles of a proposed "anatomy train". To date there is no evidence to support the effect of bilateral SMR on the plantar aspect of the feet to increase hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility. AIM The primary aim was to investigate the immediate effect of a single application of SMR on the plantar aspect of the foot, on hamstring and lumbar spine flexibility. The secondary aim was to evaluate the method and propose improvements in future research. DESIGN A pilot single blind randomised control trial. PARTICIPANTS Twenty four healthy volunteers (8 men, 16 women; mean age 28 years ± 11.13). METHOD Participants underwent screening to exclude hypermobility and were randomly allocated to an intervention (SMR) or control group (no therapy). Baseline and post intervention flexibility was assessed by a sit-and-reach test (SRT). A one way between groups analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare between group outcome SRT measurements. Baseline pre-intervention and control SRT measurements were used as the covariate in the analysis. RESULTS There was a significant increase (p = 0.03) in the intervention SRT outcome measurements compared to the control group, with a large effect size. CONCLUSION An immediate clinical benefit of SMR on the flexibility of the hamstrings and lumbar spine was indicated and suggestions for methodological improvements may inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Grieve
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Faye Goodwin
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mostapha Alfaki
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, United Kingdom
| | - Amey-Jay Bourton
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Jeffries
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Scott
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England (UWE), Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, United Kingdom
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Duarte RB, Romanatti SV, Gongora H, Antonietti LS, Pires L, Cohen M. Índices de confiabilidade da análise do ângulo poplíteo através da biofotogrametria. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922014200601024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: A avaliação e a mensuração objetiva da amplitude articular são de fundamental importância para o diagnóstico, planejamento e acompanhamento de um tratamento. Com o avanço da tecnologia, a biofotogrametria começa a ser utilizada com maior frequência no meio fisioterapêutico, mensurando a quantidade de movimento articular. O ângulo poplíteo foi escolhido por ser uma medida indireta da flexibilidade da musculatura ísquiossural. A retração dos isquiossurais pode resultar em problemas posturais significativos e produzir uma inclinação posterior contínua da pelve, afetando a marcha e o gesto esportivo, sendo também uma das causas de dores musculares ou articulares.Objetivos: Verificar as confiabilidades intra e inter-examinador da análise de ângulo poplíteo através a fotogrametria computadorizada, utilizando o software para avaliação postural (SAPo), buscando estabelecer a repetibilidade e a reprodutibilidade do método.Métodos: Foram avaliados 23 indivíduos (46 joelhos). Os voluntários foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal, com quadril e joelho do membro inferior avaliado fletidos a 90 graus, mantendo o membro contralateral em extensão. A seguir, o joelho do membro testado era estendido passivamente, até o ponto no qual se percebia primeira resistência dos músculos ao alongamento. Neste ponto, foi feito o registro do ângulo poplíteo. A análise estatística da confiabilidade inter e intra-examinador foi averiguada pelos resultados do coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ICC) dos tipos 1,1 e 3,1 no teste de correlação de Pearson, considerando um nível de significância de p<0,05.Resultados: O método de avaliação do ângulo poplíteo pela biofotogrametria apresentou confiabilidade forte (ICC = 0,786) intra-examinador e confiabilidade muito forte (ICC = 0,920) inter-examinador.Conclusão: A biofotogrametria é um método apropriado para a avaliação do ângulo poplíteo uma vez que os valores do coeficiente de correlação intra-classe intra e inter-examinadores atingiram níveis forte e muito forte, respectivamente, confirmando a reprodutibilidade e a repetibilidade desta técnica de avaliação.
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Mookerjee S, McMahon MJ. Electromyographic Analysis of Muscle Activation During Sit-and-Reach Flexibility Tests. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:3496-501. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lockie R, Schultz A, Callaghan S, Jordan C, Luczo T, Jeffriess M. A preliminary investigation into the relationship between functional movement screen scores and athletic physical performance in female team sport athletes. Biol Sport 2014; 32:41-51. [PMID: 25729149 PMCID: PMC4314603 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1127281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little research investigating relationships between the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and athletic performance in female athletes. This study analyzed the relationships between FMS (deep squat; hurdle step [HS]; in-line lunge [ILL]; shoulder mobility; active straight-leg raise [ASLR]; trunk stability push-up; rotary stability) scores, and performance tests (bilateral and unilateral sit-and-reach [flexibility]; 20-m sprint [linear speed]; 505 with turns from each leg; modified T-test with movement to left and right [change-of-direction speed]; bilateral and unilateral vertical and standing broad jumps; lateral jumps [leg power]). Nine healthy female recreational team sport athletes (age = 22.67 ± 5.12 years; height = 1.66 ± 0.05 m; body mass = 64.22 ± 4.44 kilograms) were screened in the FMS and completed the afore-mentioned tests. Percentage between-leg differences in unilateral sit-and-reach, 505 turns and the jumps, and difference between the T-test conditions, were also calculated. Spearman's correlations (p ≤ 0.05) examined relationships between the FMS and performance tests. Stepwise multiple regressions (p ≤ 0.05) were conducted for the performance tests to determine FMS predictors. Unilateral sit-and-reach positive correlated with the left-leg ASLR (r = 0.704-0.725). However, higher-scoring HS, ILL, and ASLR related to poorer 505 and T-test performance (r = 0.722-0.829). A higher-scored left-leg ASLR related to a poorer unilateral vertical and standing broad jump, which were the only significant relationships for jump performance. Predictive data tended to confirm the correlations. The results suggest limitations in using the FMS to identify movement deficiencies that could negatively impact athletic performance in female team sport athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rg Lockie
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, USA
| | - Ab Schultz
- Exercise and Sport Science Department, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Sj Callaghan
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Ca Jordan
- Exercise and Sport Science Department, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Tm Luczo
- Kinesiology Department, California State University of Monterey Bay, Seaside, USA
| | - Md Jeffriess
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, UTS: Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Lindfield, Australia
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Yokoi K, Yoshimasu K, Takemura S, Fukumoto J, Kurasawa S, Miyashita K. Short stick exercises for fall prevention among older adults: a cluster randomized trial. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:1268-76. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.961660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bertuzzi R, Pasqua LA, Bueno S, Lima-Silva AE, Matsuda M, Marquezini M, Saldiva PH. Is the COL5A1 rs12722 gene polymorphism associated with running economy? PLoS One 2014; 9:e106581. [PMID: 25188268 PMCID: PMC4154741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is considered to be a novel genetic marker for endurance running performance. It has been postulated that COL5A1 rs12722 may influence the elasticity of tendons and the energetic cost of running. To date, there are no experimental data in the literature supporting the relationship between range of motion, running economy, and the COL5A1 rs12722 gene polymorphism. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to analyze the influence of the COL5A1rs12722 polymorphism on running economy and range of motion. One hundred and fifty (n = 150) physically active young men performed the following tests: a) a maximal incremental treadmill test, b) two constant-speed running tests (10 km•h−1 and 12 km•h−1) to determine the running economy, and c) a sit-and-reach test to determine the range of motion. All of the subjects were genotyped for the COL5A1 rs12722 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The genotype frequencies were TT = 27.9%, CT = 55.8%, and CC = 16.3%. There were no significant differences between COL5A1 genotypes for running economy measured at 10 km•h−1 (p = 0.232) and 12 km•h−1 (p = 0.259). Similarly, there were no significant differences between COL5A1 genotypes for range of motion (p = 0.337). These findings suggest that the previous relationship reported between COL5A1 rs12722 genotypes and running endurance performance might not be mediated by the energetic cost of running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo A. Pasqua
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Salomão Bueno
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Marquezini
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Damasceno MV, Duarte M, Pasqua LA, Lima-Silva AE, MacIntosh BR, Bertuzzi R. Static stretching alters neuromuscular function and pacing strategy, but not performance during a 3-km running time-trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99238. [PMID: 24905918 PMCID: PMC4048241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies report that static stretching (SS) impairs running economy. Assuming that pacing strategy relies on rate of energy use, this study aimed to determine whether SS would modify pacing strategy and performance in a 3-km running time-trial. METHODS Eleven recreational distance runners performed a) a constant-speed running test without previous SS and a maximal incremental treadmill test; b) an anthropometric assessment and a constant-speed running test with previous SS; c) a 3-km time-trial familiarization on an outdoor 400-m track; d and e) two 3-km time-trials, one with SS (experimental situation) and another without (control situation) previous static stretching. The order of the sessions d and e were randomized in a counterbalanced fashion. Sit-and-reach and drop jump tests were performed before the 3-km running time-trial in the control situation and before and after stretching exercises in the SS. Running economy, stride parameters, and electromyographic activity (EMG) of vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF) and gastrocnemius medialis (GA) were measured during the constant-speed tests. RESULTS The overall running time did not change with condition (SS 11:35±00:31 s; control 11:28±00:41 s, p = 0.304), but the first 100 m was completed at a significantly lower velocity after SS. Surprisingly, SS did not modify the running economy, but the iEMG for the BF (+22.6%, p = 0.031), stride duration (+2.1%, p = 0.053) and range of motion (+11.1%, p = 0.0001) were significantly modified. Drop jump height decreased following SS (-9.2%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Static stretch impaired neuromuscular function, resulting in a slow start during a 3-km running time-trial, thus demonstrating the fundamental role of the neuromuscular system in the self-selected speed during the initial phase of the race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara V. Damasceno
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Duarte
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A. Pasqua
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano E. Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Brian R. MacIntosh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Pasqua LA, Okuno NM, Damasceno MV, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R. Impact of acute static-stretching on the optimal height in drop jumps. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742014000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of static stretching on performance during drop jumps. Furthermore, we investigated if a reduction in drop height would compensate the stretching-caused alterations. Ten physically active male subjects performed drop jumps at four different drop heights without static stretching for the optimal drop height determination. After, they performed drop jumps on two drop heights with static stretching previously. The jump height, contact time and reactive strength index were significantly affected by static stretching. However, only the contact time was significantly improved by the reduction in drop height with previous static stretching. Our results suggest that the decrement in performance after static stretching could be partially compensated by a reduction in drop height, which decreases the contact time near a non-stretching jump condition. This can be explained by the lower landing velocity and, possibly, the smaller reduction in the activation of the plantar flexors muscles. In conclusion, the reduction in drop height seems to be interesting after a static stretching session, aiming to expose the athletes to lower impact forces to maintain jump performance.
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Muyor JM, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Alacid F, López-Miñarro PA. Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach and Toe-Touch Tests as a Measure of Hamstring Extensibility in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28:546-55. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31829b54fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mayorga-Vega D, Merino-Marban R, Viciana J. Criterion-Related Validity of Sit-and-Reach Tests for Estimating Hamstring and Lumbar Extensibility: a Meta-Analysis. J Sports Sci Med 2014; 13:1-14. [PMID: 24570599 PMCID: PMC3918544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present meta-analysis was to examine the scientific literature on the criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach tests for estimating hamstring and lumbar extensibility. For this purpose relevant studies were searched from seven electronic databases dated up through December 2012. Primary outcomes of criterion-related validity were Pearson´s zero-order correlation coefficients (r) between sit-and-reach tests and hamstrings and/or lumbar extensibility criterion measures. Then, from the included studies, the Hunter- Schmidt´s psychometric meta-analysis approach was conducted to estimate population criterion- related validity of sit-and-reach tests. Firstly, the corrected correlation mean (rp), unaffected by statistical artefacts (i.e., sampling error and measurement error), was calculated separately for each sit-and-reach test. Subsequently, the three potential moderator variables (sex of participants, age of participants, and level of hamstring extensibility) were examined by a partially hierarchical analysis. Of the 34 studies included in the present meta-analysis, 99 correlations values across eight sit-and-reach tests and 51 across seven sit-and-reach tests were retrieved for hamstring and lumbar extensibility, respectively. The overall results showed that all sit-and-reach tests had a moderate mean criterion-related validity for estimating hamstring extensibility (rp = 0.46-0.67), but they had a low mean for estimating lumbar extensibility (rp = 0. 16-0.35). Generally, females, adults and participants with high levels of hamstring extensibility tended to have greater mean values of criterion-related validity for estimating hamstring extensibility. When the use of angular tests is limited such as in a school setting or in large scale studies, scientists and practitioners could use the sit-and-reach tests as a useful alternative for hamstring extensibility estimation, but not for estimating lumbar extensibility. Key PointsOverall sit-and-reach tests have a moderate mean criterion-related validity for estimating hamstring extensibility, but they have a low mean validity for estimating lumbar extensibility.Among all the sit-and-reach test protocols, the Classic sit-and-reach test seems to be the best option to estimate hamstring extensibility.End scores (e.g., the Classic sit-and-reach test) are a better indicator of hamstring extensibility than the modifications that incorporate fingers-to-box distance (e.g., the Modified sit-and-reach test).When angular tests such as straight leg raise or knee extension tests cannot be used, sit-and-reach tests seem to be a useful field test alternative to estimate hamstring extensibility, but not to estimate lumbar extensibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Merino-Marban
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Malaga , Spain
| | - Jesús Viciana
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada , Spain
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Silva-Batista C, Urso RP, Lima Silva AE, Bertuzzi R. Associations Between Fitness Tests and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form in Healthy Men. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:3481-7. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828f1efa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hamid MSA, Ali MRM, Yusof A. Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test among Healthy Adults. J Phys Ther Sci 2013; 25:957-61. [PMID: 24259893 PMCID: PMC3820221 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the active knee
extension (AKE) test among healthy adults. [Subjects] Fourteen healthy participants (10
men and 4 women) volunteered and gave informed consent. [Methods] Two raters conducted AKE
tests independently with the aid of a simple and inexpensive stabilizing apparatus. Each
knee was measured twice, and the AKE test was repeated one week later. [Results] The
interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) were 0.87
for the dominant knee and 0.81 for the nondominant knee. In addition, the intrarater
(test-retest) reliability ICC3,1 values range between 0.78–0.97 and 0.75–0.84
for raters 1 and 2 respectively. The percentages of agreement within 10° for AKE
measurements were 93% for the dominant knee and 79% for the nondominant knee. [Conclusion]
The finding suggests the current AKE test showed excellent interrater and intrarater
reliability for assessing hamstring flexibility in healthy adults.
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Morcelli MH, Oliveira JMCA, Navega MT. Comparação do alongamento estático, balístico e contrair-relaxar nos músculos isquiotibiais. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-29502013000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se, por meio deste estudo, comparar o efeito de três técnicas de alongamento muscular (balístico, estático e contrai-relaxa) no ganho imediato de flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais. Foram avaliados 23 sujeitos, de ambos os gêneros [média (DP) idade 21,17 (1,4)]. Todos os voluntários realizaram o alongamento estático, o balístico e o contrai-relaxa. Cada técnica foi realizada em sessão única com intervalo de sete dias entre as sessões. Para avaliar os efeitos imediatos das diferentes técnicas, realizaram-se, antes e após a série de alongamentos, os testes de flexibilidade Sentar e Alcançar e o Teste do Ângulo Poplíteo. Em comparação à linha de base, houve aumento significativo de flexibilidade para o teste do Ângulo Poplíteo após aplicação do alongamento balístico (6,26%) e contrai-relaxa (6,5%), respectivamente (p<0,05). Ao contrair-relaxar as três técnicas em relação ao escore de mudança, encontrou-se diferença considerável no teste do Ângulo Poplíteo para os alongamentos balístico e contrair-relaxar, porém, o Teste Sentar e Alcançar não apresentou relevância. De acordo com esses dados, as técnicas balísticas e -contrair-relaxar foram melhores que a técnica de alongamento estático, e ambas as técnicas mostraram-se igualmente efetivas. As técnicas de alongamento balístico e contrair-relaxar melhoraram a flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais.
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Fortin C, Ehrmann Feldman D, Cheriet F, Labelle H. Differences in standing and sitting postures of youth with idiopathic scoliosis from quantitative analysis of digital photographs. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2013; 33:313-26. [PMID: 23298337 DOI: 10.3109/01942638.2012.747582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore whether differences in standing and sitting postures of youth with idiopathic scoliosis could be detected from quantitative analysis of digital photographs. Standing and sitting postures of 50 participants aged 10-20-years-old with idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle: 15° to 60°) were assessed from digital photographs using a posture evaluation software program. Based on the XY coordinates of markers, 13 angular and linear posture indices were calculated in both positions. Paired t-tests were used to compare values of standing and sitting posture indices. Significant differences between standing and sitting positions (p < 0.05) were found for head protraction, shoulder elevation, scapula asymmetry, trunk list, scoliosis angle, waist angles, and frontal and sagittal plane pelvic tilt. Quantitative analysis of digital photographs is a clinically feasible method to measure standing and sitting postures among youth with scoliosis and to assist in decisions on therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Fortin
- Centre de recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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