|
1
|
Conde-Pipó J, Mora-Fernandez A, Martinez-Bebia M, Gimenez-Blasi N, Lopez-Moro A, Latorre JA, Almendros-Ruiz A, Requena B, Mariscal-Arcas M. Intermittent Fasting: Does It Affect Sports Performance? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:168. [PMID: 38201996 PMCID: PMC10780856 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is one of the most popular types of diet at the moment because it is an effective nutritional strategy in terms of weight loss. The main objective of this review is to analyze the effects that intermittent fasting has on sports performance. We analyzed physical capacities: aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, strength, and power, as well as their effect on body composition. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out in several databases where 25 research articles were analyzed to clarify these objectives. Inclusion criteria: dates between 2013 and present, free full texts, studies conducted in adult human athletes, English and/or Spanish languages, and if it has been considered that intermittent fasting is mainly linked to sports practice and that this obtains a result in terms of performance or physical capacities. This review was registered in PROSPERO with code ref. 407024, and an evaluation of the quality or risk of bias was performed. After this analysis, results were obtained regarding the improvement of body composition and the maintenance of muscle mass. An influence of intermittent fasting on sports performance and body composition is observed. It can be concluded that intermittent fasting provides benefits in terms of body composition without reducing physical performance, maintenance of lean mass, and improvements in maximum power. But despite this, it is necessary to carry out new studies focusing on the sports field since the samples have been very varied. Additionally, the difference in hours of intermittent fasting should be studied, especially in the case of overnight fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Pipó
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Agustín Mora-Fernandez
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Manuel Martinez-Bebia
- Department Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Lorca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Nuria Gimenez-Blasi
- Nutrition Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005 Ávila, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Moro
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - José Antonio Latorre
- Department Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Lorca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Antonio Almendros-Ruiz
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Bernardo Requena
- Research and Development Department, Football Science Institute, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Puce L, Garbarino S, Scoditti E, Boukhris O, Khanfir S, Clark CCT, Glenn JM, Alhaj OA, Jahrami H, Chtourou H, Bragazzi NL. Religious fasting and its impacts on individual, public, and planetary health: Fasting as a "religious health asset" for a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable society. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036496. [PMID: 36505246 PMCID: PMC9729557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Religious fasting is practiced by people of all faiths, including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, as well as Hinduism, Judaism, and Taoism. Individual/clinical, public, global, and planetary health has traditionally been studied as separate entities. Nevertheless, religious fasting, in conjunction with other religious health assets, can provide several opportunities, ranging from the individual to the population, environmental, and planetary levels, by facilitating and supporting societal transformations and changes, such as the adoption of healthier, more equitable, and sustainable lifestyles, therein preserving the Earth's systems and addressing major interconnected, cascading, and compound challenges. In this review, we will summarize the most recent evidence on the effects of religious fasting, particularly Orthodox and Ramadan Islamic fasting, on human and public health. Further, we will explore the potential effects of religious fasting on tackling current environmental issues, with a special focus on nutrition/food restriction and planetary health. Finally, specific recommendations, particularly around dietary intake during the fasting rituals, will be provided to ensure a sustainable healthy planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, LIRTES (EA 7313), Créteil, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Luca Puce
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Saber Khanfir
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Omar A. Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|