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Zuurbier CCM, Mensing LA, Wermer MJH, Juvela S, Lindgren AE, Koivisto T, Jääskeläinen JE, Yamazaki T, Molenberg R, van Dijk JMC, Uyttenboogaart M, Aalbers M, Morita A, Tominari S, Arai H, Nozaki K, Murayama Y, Ishibashi T, Takao H, Rinkel GJE, Greving JP, Ruigrok YM. Difference in Rupture Risk Between Familial and Sporadic Intracranial Aneurysms: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 97:e2195-e2203. [PMID: 34670818 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We combined individual patient data (IPD) from prospective cohorts of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) to assess to what extent patients with familial UIA have a higher rupture risk than those with sporadic UIA. METHODS For this IPD meta-analysis, we performed an Embase and PubMed search for studies published up to December 1, 2020. We included studies that (1) had a prospective study design; (2) included 50 or more patients with UIA; (3) studied the natural course of UIA and risk factors for aneurysm rupture including family history for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and UIA; and (4) had aneurysm rupture as an outcome. Cohorts with available IPD were included. All studies included patients with newly diagnosed UIA visiting one of the study centers. The primary outcome was aneurysmal rupture. Patients with polycystic kidney disease and moyamoya disease were excluded. We compared rupture rates of familial vs sporadic UIA using a Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for PHASES score and smoking. We performed 2 analyses: (1) only studies defining first-degree relatives as parents, children, and siblings and (2) all studies, including those in which first-degree relatives are defined as only parents and children, but not siblings. RESULTS We pooled IPD from 8 cohorts with a low and moderate risk of bias. First-degree relatives were defined as parents, siblings, and children in 6 cohorts (29% Dutch, 55% Finnish, 15% Japanese), totaling 2,297 patients (17% familial, 399 patients) with 3,089 UIAs and 7,301 person-years follow-up. Rupture occurred in 10 familial cases (rupture rate: 0.89%/person-year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-1.59) and 41 sporadic cases (0.66%/person-year; 95% CI 0.48-0.89); adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for familial cases 2.56 (95% CI 1.18-5.56). After adding the 2 cohorts excluding siblings as first-degree relatives, resulting in 9,511 patients, the adjusted HR was 1.44 (95% CI 0.86-2.40). DISCUSSION The risk of rupture of UIA is 2.5 times higher, with a range from a 1.2 to 5 times higher risk, in familial than in sporadic UIA. When assessing the risk of rupture in UIA, family history should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C M Zuurbier
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Liselore A Mensing
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Seppo Juvela
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Antti E Lindgren
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Timo Koivisto
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Juha E Jääskeläinen
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomosato Yamazaki
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rob Molenberg
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - J Marc C van Dijk
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Maarten Uyttenboogaart
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Marlien Aalbers
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akio Morita
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Tominari
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murayama
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ishibashi
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takao
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Gabriel J E Rinkel
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jacoba P Greving
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ynte M Ruigrok
- From the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center (C.C.M.Z., L.A.M., G.J.E.R., Y.M.R.), and Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care (J.P.G.), University Medical Center Utrecht; Department of Neurology (M.J.H.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (S.J.), University of Helsinki; Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter (A.E.L., T.K., J.E.J.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurosurgery (T.Y.), National Hospital Organization, Mito Medical Center, Japan; Departments of Neurosurgery (R.M., J.M.C.v.D., M.U., M.A.), University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Tokyo-Nippon Medical School (A.M.); Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health (S.T.), Kyoto University; Department of Neurosurgery (H.A.), Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo; Department of Neurosurgery (K.N.), Shiga University of Medical Science; and Department of Endovascular Neurosurgery (Y.M., T.I., H.T.), Tokyo Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Foroud T, Lai D, Koller D, Van't Hof F, Kurki MI, Anderson CS, Brown RD, Connolly ES, Eriksson JG, Flaherty M, Fornage M, von Und Zu Fraunberg M, Gaál EI, Laakso A, Hernesniemi J, Huston J, Jääskeläinen JE, Kiemeney LA, Kivisaari R, Kleindorfer D, Ko N, Lehto H, Mackey J, Meissner I, Moomaw CJ, Mosley TH, Moskala M, Niemelä M, Palotie A, Pera J, Rinkel G, Ripke S, Rouleau G, Ruigrok Y, Sauerbeck L, Słowik A, Vermeulen SH, Woo D, Worrall BB, Broderick J. Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysm identifies a new association on chromosome 7. Stroke 2014; 45:3194-9. [PMID: 25256182 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Common variants have been identified using genome-wide association studies which contribute to intracranial aneurysms (IA) susceptibility. However, it is clear that the variants identified to date do not account for the estimated genetic contribution to disease risk. METHODS Initial analysis was performed in a discovery sample of 2617 IA cases and 2548 controls of white ancestry. Novel chromosomal regions meeting genome-wide significance were further tested for association in 2 independent replication samples: Dutch (717 cases; 3004 controls) and Finnish (799 cases; 2317 controls). A meta-analysis was performed to combine the results from the 3 studies for key chromosomal regions of interest. RESULTS Genome-wide evidence of association was detected in the discovery sample on chromosome 9 (CDKN2BAS; rs10733376: P<1.0×10(-11)), in a gene previously associated with IA. A novel region on chromosome 7, near HDAC9, was associated with IA (rs10230207; P=4.14×10(-8)). This association replicated in the Dutch sample (P=0.01) but failed to show association in the Finnish sample (P=0.25). Meta-analysis results of the 3 cohorts reached statistical significant (P=9.91×10(-10)). CONCLUSIONS We detected a novel region associated with IA susceptibility that was replicated in an independent Dutch sample. This region on chromosome 7 has been previously associated with ischemic stroke and the large vessel stroke occlusive subtype (including HDAC9), suggesting a possible genetic link between this stroke subtype and IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Foroud
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.).
| | - Dongbing Lai
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Daniel Koller
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Femke Van't Hof
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Craig S Anderson
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Robert D Brown
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Edward Sander Connolly
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Matthew Flaherty
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Myriam Fornage
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Emília I Gaál
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Aki Laakso
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Juha Hernesniemi
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - John Huston
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Juha E Jääskeläinen
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Dawn Kleindorfer
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Nerissa Ko
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Hanna Lehto
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Jason Mackey
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Irene Meissner
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Charles J Moomaw
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Marek Moskala
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Mika Niemelä
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Aarno Palotie
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Joanna Pera
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Gabriel Rinkel
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Stephan Ripke
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Guy Rouleau
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Ynte Ruigrok
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Laura Sauerbeck
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Daniel Woo
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
| | - Joseph Broderick
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (T.F., D.L., D.K., J.M.); University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.v.H., G.R., Y.R.); Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.I.K., M.v.u.z.F., J.E.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (M.I.K., A.P., S.R.); University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.S.A.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (R.D.B., J. Huston I.M.); Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.S.C.); University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland (J.G.E.); Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E., E.I.G., A.L., J. Hernesniemi, R.K., H.L., M.N.); University of Cincinnati, OH (M. Flaherty, D.K., C.J.M., L.S., D.W., J.B.); University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (M. Fornage); Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.A.K., S.H.V.); University of California, San Francisco (N.K.); University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (M.M., J.P., A.S.); The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.P.); University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada (G.R.); and University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (B.B.W.)
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