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Lotfinejad N, Tartari E, Sauser J, Fankhauser-Rodriguez C, Pires D, Pittet D. Are emojis ready to promote the WHO 5 moments for hand hygiene in healthcare? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:127. [PMID: 36289506 PMCID: PMC9607812 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hand hygiene is universally recognized as a cornerstone measure for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Although the WHO “My five Moments for hand hygiene” poster has been used for more than a decade to delineate hand hygiene indications and promote action, adherence levels among healthcare workers are still notoriously low and disquieting. To compensate for the lack of effective hand hygiene communication, we aimed to evaluate emojis as possible surrogates for the non-verbal aspects of hand hygiene behaviour. Methods Following a thorough review of the Unicode version 12.0, the most applicable emojis to the terms used in the WHO 5 Moments poster were extracted. We developed a self-administered questionnaire to assess the view of infection prevention and control (IPC) practitioners regarding the use of emojis to show the WHO 5 Moments. Completed questionnaires were collected and analysed to determine the suitability of the existing emojis to illustrate a unified emoji poster. Data were analysed using R (version 3.6.3). Results A total of 95 IPC practitioners completed the questionnaire from May to October 2019 from different countries. Of these, 69 (74%) were female, and the mean age of the participants was 44.6 ± 10.87 years. We found appropriate emojis for six of the words used in the poster, including
for touching (72%),
for patient (63%),
for clean (53%),
for procedure (56%),
for body fluid (58%), and
for exposure risk (71%). The existing emojis proposed for the words “hygiene”, “aseptic”, and “surrounding” seemed to be less satisfactory. Conclusions In summary, the findings of this study indicate that the existing emojis may not be able to substitute the words used in the WHO 5 Moments poster. Emojis might be helpful to address hand hygiene indications in healthcare that may eventually play a role in promoting this measure. However, emojis should be further studied to choose the most appropriate ones and avoid ambiguity and misinterpretation. More emojis to convey health related messages are needed. We recommend further research in this area to evaluate the effect of using emojis in healthcare-related behaviours. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-022-01164-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Lotfinejad
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control & Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ermira Tartari
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control & Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.4462.40000 0001 2176 9482Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Julien Sauser
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control & Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Fankhauser-Rodriguez
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control & Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Pires
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Pittet
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals, Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Infection Control Programme, WHO Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control & Antimicrobial Resistance, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Coltofean-Arizancu L, Mattioli T, Díaz-Andreu M. Communicating and Disseminating Rock Art Research on Facebook: The ERC Artsoundscapes Project Goes Public. HERITAGE & SOCIETY 2022; 15:113-139. [PMID: 36866323 PMCID: PMC9970187 DOI: 10.1080/2159032x.2022.2098653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the potential of social media in disseminating and communicating archaeological knowledge and the ways in which their impact on the public can be enhanced through marketing plans. It examines the implementation of such a plan in the context of the Facebook page of the ERC Advanced Grant project "The sound of special places: exploring rock art soundscapes and the sacred" (acronym: Artsoundscapes). Using quantitative and qualitative data provided by the Facebook Insights altmetrics tool, the article evaluates the general performance of the Artsoundscapes page and measures the effectiveness of the marketing plan. It discusses the components of marketing plans with emphasis on a carefully designed content strategy that, in the case of the Artsoundscapes Facebook page, in only 19 months of existence has resulted in the organic development of an active online community of 757 fans and 787 followers from 45 countries. The marketing plan has contributed to raising awareness of the Artsoundscapes project and an emerging, highly specialized and little-known branch of archaeology - the archaeoacoustics of rock art sites. It rapidly and engagingly disseminates the project's activities and outcomes among both specialist and non-specialist audiences, and informs the non-specialist public about relevant advances in the multiple fields - rock art studies, acoustics, music archaeology and ethnomusicology - that intersect in it. The article concludes that social media are effective means for archaeologists and archaeological organizations and projects to reach various audiences, and that marketing plans significantly augment this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tommaso Mattioli
- Institut d’Arqueologia (IAUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Díaz-Andreu
- Institut d’Arqueologia (IAUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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Mussio I, de Oliveira ACM. An (un)healthy social dilemma: a normative messaging field experiment with flu vaccinations. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2022; 12:41. [PMID: 35917007 PMCID: PMC9344251 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-022-00385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza seasons can be unpredictable and have the potential to rapidly affect populations, especially in crowded areas. Prior research suggests that normative messaging can be used to increase voluntary provision of public goods, such as the influenza vaccine. We extend the literature by examining the influence of normative messaging on the decision to get vaccinated against influenza. METHODS We conduct a field experiment in conjunction with University Health Services, targeting undergraduate students living on campus. We use four posters, randomized by living area clusters to advertise flu vaccination clinics during the Fall. The wording on the posters is varied to emphasize the individual benefits of the vaccine, the social benefits of the vaccine or both benefits together. We collect survey data for those vaccinated at the vaccination clinics, and for those not vaccinated via an online survey. RESULTS We find that any normative message increases the percentage of students getting the flu vaccine compared with no message. In terms of the likelihood of getting the flu vaccine, emphasizing both the individual and social benefits of vaccination has the largest increase in the vaccination rate (19-20 percentage point increase). However, flu vaccinations did not reach the herd immunity threshold (70% of students vaccinated). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that there is a pro-social component that is relevant in individual vaccination decisions which should be accounted for when designing vaccination campaigns. The results of this normative, pro-social messaging experiment could be extended to other at-risk communities where the number of background risks is much larger. This is especially relevant nowadays, as other seasonal vaccines are being rolled out and younger adults are the ones with the lowest uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mussio
- Newcastle University Business School (Economics), 5 Barrack Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4SE UK
| | - Angela C. M. de Oliveira
- Department of Resource Economics, University of Massachusetts, 203 Stockbridge Hall, 80 Campus Center Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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Li L, Wu S, Wang J, Wang C, Zuo W, Yu L, Song J. Development of the Emoji faces pain scale and its validation on mobile device in adult surgery patients: A longitudinal observational study (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 25:e41189. [PMID: 37067854 PMCID: PMC10152337 DOI: 10.2196/41189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring pain on digital devices using classic unidimensional pain scales such as the visual analog scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS), and faces pain scale (FPS) has been proven to be reliable and valid. Emoji are pictographs designed in colorful form following the Unicode standard. It could be more beneficial to use emoji as faces of FPS on digital devices because emoji can easily fit on most devices and emoji are open-source so no approval would be needed before use. With a concise and user-friendly design, the emoji faces pain scale (Emoji-FPS) might be more generalizable to a wider population and more preferred by digital device users. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to develop an Emoji-FPS as well as to evaluate its reliability, validity, and preference on mobile devices in adult patients who underwent surgery. METHODS A modified Delphi technique with 2 rounds of web-based surveys was applied to obtain panelists' consensus on the sequence of emoji that can best represent 6 levels of pain. The initial candidate sequences of emoji for the Delphi process were constructed referring to 2 well-validated FPSs (Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale [Wong-Baker FACES] and faces pain scale-revised [FPS-R]). Then, a prospective cohort of patients scheduled to receive perianal surgery was recruited and asked to complete a web-based questionnaire on a mobile device at 5 time points (before surgery [T1], wake up after surgery [T2], 4 hours after surgery [T3], the second day after surgery [T4], and 15 minutes after T4 [T5]). The 4 well-validated pain scales (NRS, VAS, Wong-Baker FACES, and FPS-R) were used as reference scales. RESULTS After 2 rounds of surveys on 40 Delphi panelists, an Emoji-FPS was finally determined to represent 6 pain levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) from "no hurt" to "hurts worst." For validation, 300 patients were recruited and 299 were analyzed, the mean age of whom was 38.5 (SD 10.5) years, and 106 (35.5%) were women. For concurrent validity, the Emoji-FPS was highly correlated with 4 reference scales with Spearman correlation coefficient ρ ranging from 0.91 to 0.95. Excellent agreements were observed between 4 versions of Emoji-FPS (iOS, Android, Microsoft, and OpenMoji), with weighted κ coefficients ranging from 0.96 to 0.97. For discriminant validity, patients' mean preoperative Emoji-FPS score (T1) was significantly higher than their postoperative Emoji-FPS score (T4) with a difference of 1.4 (95% CI 1.3-1.6; P<.001). For test-retest reliability, Emoji-FPS scores measured at T4 and T5 were highly correlated with a ρ of 0.91. The Emoji-FPS was mostly preferred, followed by the Wong-Baker FACES, FPS-R, NRS, and VAS. CONCLUSIONS The Emoji-FPS is reliable and valid compared with traditional pain scales in adult surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Anesthesiology Department, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicheng Wu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China (Hong Kong)
| | - Jian Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixin Zuo
- Anesthesiology Department, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Yu
- Anesthesiology Department, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Song
- Anesthesiology Department, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Acupuncture and Anesthesia Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ray EC, Merle PF. Disgusting Face, Disease-Ridden Place?: Emoji Influence on the Interpretation of Restaurant Inspection Reports. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1867-1878. [PMID: 32806958 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1802867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Every year, millions of Americans get sick from foodborne illness and it is estimated half of all reported instances occur at restaurants. To protect the public, regulators are encouraged to conduct restaurant inspections and disclose reports to consumers. However, inspection reporting format is inconsistent and typically contains information unclear to most consumers who often misinterpret the inspection results. Additionally, consumers are increasingly searching for this information in a digital context. Limited research explores inspection reports as communication tools. Using affect-as-information and ELM as theoretical frameworks, this experiment investigated how discrete emotions (e.g., disgust) conveyed through pictorial cues (i.e., emojis) influenced consumers' processing of inspection reports. Participants, recruited from Amazon's MTurk, were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions in a 3 (emoji: smiling vs. disgusted vs. none) x 2 (violation level: low vs. high) between-subjects design. Then, participants completed a questionnaire regarding perceptions and cognitive processing of the message. Results revealed that, compared to text, disgusted face emoji increased risk perceptions and avoidance behavior. In terms of emotion, smiling face emoji motivated participants to feel more emotions related to sanitation. In turn, positive feelings decreased elaboration likelihood. As predicted by ELM, involvement also predicted elaboration, such that participants who were highly involved with inspection reports elaborated more than those less involved. Involvement also moderated the relationship between emoji presented and elaboration. Practical implications are also discussed.
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Moya-Salazar J, Cañari B, Gomez-Saenz L, Contreras-Pulache H. Other ways of communicating the pandemic - memes and stickers against COVID-19: a systematic review. F1000Res 2021; 10:287. [PMID: 34211702 PMCID: PMC8207803 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51541.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are many ways to communicate hygiene measures, such as memes and stickers that are widely used on social networks. We carried out a systematic review in order to determine the impact of stickers and memes as tools to face the COVID-19 pandemic, following the PRISMA guide. Methods: The search was carried out in scientific databases (MEDLINE / PubMed, ScientiDirect, Scielo, LILACS, and Latindex), and in public pre-publication servers (bioRxiv, SocArXiv, medRxiv and Preprints). The publications were identified using the terms (((meme) OR (sticker)) AND ((COVID-19) OR (SARS-COV-2)) AND (WhatsApp)) and the corresponding translations for Spanish and Portuguese. Results: In the initial search, 8434 studies were obtained, 7749 in Preprints, 446 in SocArXiv, 145 in ScientDirect, 82 in medRxiv, and 12 in PubMed. No studies were found in LILACS, Latindex, Scielo, or bioRxiv. Of the 51 studies included as eligible, all were eliminated for not meeting the study inclusion criteria. The majority (40 studies) were eliminated as studies were publications related to the social aspects related to COVID-19, but did not develop an analysis of stickers or memes. Conclusions: No studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria related to the role of stickers and memes as tools to face the COVID-19 pandemic. More studies are needed to estimate its role as a means of communication in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Lima, 51, Peru.,Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, 51, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, 51, Peru
| | - Lucía Gomez-Saenz
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Lima, 51, Peru
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Pai SA. An Emoji for a Tunica Vaginalis Hydrocele. Int J Surg Pathol 2020; 28:771. [PMID: 31870200 DOI: 10.1177/1066896919896628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay A Pai
- Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Bangalore, India
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Lotfinejad N, Assadi R, Aelami MH, Pittet D. Emojis in public health and how they might be used for hand hygiene and infection prevention and control. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 32041666 PMCID: PMC7011445 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emojis are frequently used picture characters known as possible surrogates for non-verbal aspects of behavior. Considering the ability of emojis to enhance and facilitate communication, there has been a growing interest in studying their effects in scientific and health-related topics over the past few years. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a field of medicine that is directly associated with specific behaviors. These include hand hygiene, which is the cornerstone of the prevention of healthcare-associated infections, and essential in stemming the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This paper aims to provide an overview of how emojis have been used in the medical and public health literature and proposes their possible use in IPC and hand hygiene to put forth a vision for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Lotfinejad
- Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Hand Hygiene and Infection Control Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Assadi
- E-Learning Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Aelami
- Department of Pediatrics & Hand Hygiene and Infection Control Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Didier Pittet
- Infection Control Programme and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Sansone A, Cignarelli A, Ciocca G, Pozza C, Giorgino F, Romanelli F, Jannini EA. The Sentiment Analysis of Tweets as a New Tool to Measure Public Perception of Male Erectile and Ejaculatory Dysfunctions. Sex Med 2019; 7:464-471. [PMID: 31395527 PMCID: PMC6963121 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twitter is a social network based on "tweets," short messages of up to 280 characters. Social media has been investigated in health care research to ascertain positive or negative feelings associated with several conditions but never in sexual medicine. AIM To assess perceptions related to erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) among Twitter users. METHODS Data collection was performed on a daily basis between May 24-October 9, 2018 (138 days) via an automated script. Data collection was then performed after data cleaning. The statistical software R and the rtweet packages were used in both phases. RESULTS We collected 11,000 unique tweets for PE and 30,546 unique tweets for ED. After data cleaning, we analyzed 7,020 tweets on PE and 22,648 tweets on ED by analyzing the most recurring words and the clusters describing word associations. The most popular words for ED were "Treatment," "Health," and "Viagra," whereas "Sex," "Sexual," and "Cure" were the top 3 for PE. Word clusters suggest the presence of some recurring themes, such as medical terms being grouped together. Additionally, tweets reflect the general feelings triggered by specific events, such as pieces of news pertaining to sexual dysfunctions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Tweets on sexual dysfunctions are posted every day, with more tweets on ED than on PE. Treatment is among the chief topics discussed for both conditions, although health concerns differ between PE and DE tweets. STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS This is the first analysis conducted on Tweets in the field of andrology and sexual medicine. A significant number of tweets were collected and analyzed. However, quantitative assessment of the sentiment was not feasible. CONCLUSION Sexual dysfunctions are openly discussed on social media, and Twitter analysis could help understand the needs and interests of the general population on these themes. Sansone A, Cignarelli A, Ciocca G, et al. The Sentiment Analysis of Tweets as a New Tool to Measure Public Perception of Male Erectile and Ejaculatory Dysfunctions. Sex Med 2019;7:464-471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ciocca
- Endocrinology and Sexual Medicine (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuele A Jannini
- Endocrinology and Sexual Medicine (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Reyes H. ESTADO DEL ARTE EN LAS REVISTAS MÉDICAS EN EL SIGLO XXI. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Heyer C. [Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2019; 161:29. [PMID: 30778973 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-019-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Goodman
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
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