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Adu B, Bonney JKH, Odoom JK, Bonney EYA, Obodai E, Asante IA, Aboagye J, Adusei-Poku MA, Lartey L, Asiedu EK, Ampofo WK, Kyei GB. SARS-CoV-2 detection among international air travellers to Ghana during mandatory quarantine. Ghana Med J 2022; 55:48-50. [PMID: 35233114 PMCID: PMC8853690 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v55i2s.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 detection among international travellers to Ghana during mandatory quarantine. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Air travellers to Ghana on 21st and 22nd March 2020. Participants On 21st and 22nd March 2020, a total of 1,030 returning international travellers were mandatorily quarantined in 15 different hotels in Accra and tested for SARS-CoV-2. All of these persons were included in the study. Main outcome measure Positivity for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction. Results The initial testing at the beginning of quarantine found 79 (7.7%) individuals to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the exit screening after 12 to 13 days of quarantine, it was discovered that 26 of those who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the initial screening subsequently tested positive. Conclusions Ghana likely averted an early community spread of COVID-19 through the proactive approach to quarantine international travellers during the early phase of the pandemic. Funding None
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Adu
- Immunology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph K H Bonney
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - John K Odoom
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Y A Bonney
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evangeline Obodai
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ivy A Asante
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - James Aboagye
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mildred A Adusei-Poku
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School. College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. PO Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Lartey
- Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Private Mail Bag, Ministries, Accra. Ghana
| | - Ernest K Asiedu
- National Quality Management Unit, Ministry of Health, P.O.Box M 44, Ministries, Accra, Ghana
| | - William K Ampofo
- Immunology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - George B Kyei
- Virology Department. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Off Akilagpa Sawyerr Road. PO Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Rabi M, Samimian-Darash L. An emergency of circulation: entry screening in the UK during the 2014 Ebola epidemic. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2021.1987386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rabi
- Federmann School of Public Policy and Government, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Limor Samimian-Darash
- Federmann School of Public Policy and Government, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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de Rooij D, Belfroid E, Hadjichristodoulou C, Mouchtouri VA, Raab J, Timen A. Assessing training needs in infectious disease management at major ports, airports and ground-crossings in Europe. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1013. [PMID: 34051768 PMCID: PMC8164056 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of core capacities as stated in the International Health Regulations (IHR) is far from complete, and, as the COVID-19 pandemic shows, the spreading of infectious diseases through points of entry (POEs) is a serious problem. To guide training and exercises, we performed a training needs assessment on infectious disease management among professionals at European POE. METHODS We disseminated a digital questionnaire to representatives of designated airports, ports, and ground-crossings in Europe. Topics were derived from the IHR core capacities for POEs. Based on the importance (4-point Likert scale) and training needs (4-point Likert scale), we identified the topics with the highest priority for training. These results were put in further perspective using prior experience (training < 3 year, exercise < 5 years, events < 5 years). Also, preferences for training methodologies were assessed. RESULTS Fifty questionnaires were included in the analyses, representing 50 POEs from 19 European countries. Importance is high for 26/30 topics, although scores widely vary among respondents. Topics with a high training need (16/30) are amongst others the handling of ill travelers; using and composing the public health emergency contingency plan, and public health measures. Respondents from ports and airports attribute equal importance to most topics, but respondents from ports showed higher training needs on 75% of the topics. POEs are unevenly and generally little experienced. The most preferred training methods were presentations. Simulation is the preferred methodology for training the handling of ill or exposed travelers. CONCLUSIONS The European workforce at designated ports, airports and ground-crossings has a different level of experience and perceives varying importance of the topics assessed in our study. We identified the topics on which training is required. We call for European collaboration between POEs to agree upon the importance of infectious disease management, and to jointly build a trained and prepared workforce that is ready to face the next crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doret de Rooij
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Belfroid
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jörg Raab
- Department of Organization Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Aura Timen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - for the EU HEALTHY GATEWAYS Joint Action consortium
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Athena Institute, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece
- Department of Organization Studies, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Boddington NL, Steinberger S, Pebody RG. Screening at ports of entry for Ebola Virus Disease in England-a descriptive analysis of screening assessment data, 2014-2015. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 44:370-377. [PMID: 33348353 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa in 2014 and evidence of spread to other countries, pre-entry screening was introduced by PHE at five major ports of entry in the England. METHODS All passengers that entered the England via the five ports returning from Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leonne were required to complete a Health Assessment Form and have their temperature taken. The numbers, characteristics and outcomes of these passengers were analysed. RESULTS Between 14 October 2014 and 13 October 2015, a total of 12 648 passengers from affected countries had been screened. The majority of passengers were assessed as having no direct contact with EVD cases or high-risk events (12 069, 95.4%), although 535 (4.2%) passengers were assessed as requiring public health follow-up. In total, 39 passengers were referred directly to secondary care, although none were diagnosed with EVD. One high-risk passenger was later referred to secondary care and diagnosed with EVD. CONCLUSIONS Collection of these screening data enabled timely monitoring of the numbers and characteristics of passengers screened for EVD, facilitated resourcing decisions and acted as a mechanism to inform passengers of the necessary public health actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki L Boddington
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Department, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Sophia Steinberger
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Department, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Richard G Pebody
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Department, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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Greenky D, Gillespie S, Levine A, Murray B. The Utility of a Travel Screen at Triage in Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Pediatr Emerg Care 2020; 36:384-388. [PMID: 32384394 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The travel screen was implemented by emergency departments (EDs) across the country in 2014 to detect patients exposed to Ebola early and prevent local outbreaks. It remains part of the triage protocol in many EDs to detect communicable disease from abroad and has become a defacto screen for other travel-related illness. Its utility has not been studied in the pediatric ED. METHODS This was a retrospective review of electronic medical records across 3 EDs from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2016. The screening question reads, "Has the child or a close contact of the child traveled outside the United States in the past 21 days?" A follow-up question requesting travel details is included for positive screens. We compared length of stay, return-visit rates, and differences in disposition between patients with positive and negative travel screens using generalized linear regression. Matched regression estimates, 95% confidence intervals, and P values were reported. RESULTS The study population included 152,945 patients with a total of 322,229 encounters in 2016, of which 232,787 encounters had a travel screen documented during triage. There were 2258 patient encounters that had positive travel screens. Only 201 (8.9%) of these encounters had further description of the travel in the comments box. The odds of hospital admission for patients with positive travel screens were 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.54-2.01; P < 0.001) times the odds of hospital admission for patients screened negative. The significance of this finding was largely driven by general hospital admission. Other metrics did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although a positive travel screen was mildly predictive of inpatient admission, information is not available to providers about travel-related risk. Recent literature suggests integrating a travel history with presenting symptoms and region of travel and could produce a more specific travel screen. A revised travel screen should be implemented and studied in the pediatric ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Greenky
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Scott Gillespie
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine
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Active monitoring versus direct active monitoring for Ebola virus disease in the United States: experiences and perceptions of former persons under monitoring in the District of Columbia and Indiana. Public Health 2019; 173:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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