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Marbaniang SP, Lhungdim H, Chungkham HS. Identifying the latent classes of modifiable risk behaviours among diabetic and hypertensive individuals in Northeastern India: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053757. [PMID: 35210340 PMCID: PMC8883275 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the latent classes of modifiable risk factors among the patients with diabetes and hypertension based on the observed indicator variables: smoking, alcohol, aerated drinks, overweight or obesity, diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesised that the study population diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension is homogeneous with respect to the modifiable risk factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a stratified random sampling method and a nationally representative large-scale survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data come from the fourth round of the Indian National Family Health Survey, 2015-2016. Respondents aged 15-49 years who were diagnosed with either diabetes or hypertension or both were included. The total sample is 22 249, out of which 3284 were men and 18 965 were women. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The observed variables used as latent indicators are the following: smoking, alcohol, aerated drinks, overweight or obesity, diabetes and hypertension. The concomitant variables include age, gender, education, marital status and household wealth index. Latent class model was used to simultaneously identify the latent class and to determine the association between the concomitant variables and the latent classes. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified and labelled as class 1: 'diabetic with low-risk lifestyle' (21%), class 2: 'high-risk lifestyle' (8%) and class 3: 'hypertensive with low-risk lifestyle' (71%). Class 1 is characterised by those with a high probability of having diabetes and low probability of smoking and drinking alcohol. Class 2 is characterised by a high probability of smoking and drinking alcohol and class 3 by a high probability of having high blood pressure and low probability of smoking and drinking alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Co-occurrence of smoking and alcohol consumption was prevalent in men, while excess body weight and high blood pressure were prevalent in women. Policy and programmes in Northeastern India should focus on targeting multiple modifiable risk behaviours that co-occur within an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strong P Marbaniang
- Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemkhothang Lhungdim
- Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Holendro Singh Chungkham
- Applied and Official Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, North-East Centre at Tezpur, Tezpur, India
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Boni FG, da Rosa YL, Leite RM, Lopes FM, Echer IC. Efeitos de uma intervenção educativa com profissionais de enfermagem sobre abordagens ao paciente tabagista: estudo quase-experimental. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2021-0569pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção educativa sobre cessação do tabagismo direcionada à equipe de enfermagem. Método: estudo quase-experimental com 37 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital brasileiro de maio/2019 a dezembro/2020. A intervenção consistiu em capacitar profissionais de enfermagem sobre abordagens aos pacientes tabagistas, dividida em duas etapas, a primeira, online, pré-requisito para a presencial/videoconferência. O efeito da intervenção foi avaliado por meio do pré- e pós-teste preenchido pelos participantes. Também foram analisados registros em prontuários de pacientes fumantes. Para análise, utilizou-se o Teste do Qui-Quadrado de McNemar. Resultados: houve aumento da frequência das ações visando à cessação tabágica após a intervenção. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em orientações relacionadas à divulgação aos familiares da decisão de parar de fumar e necessidade de apoio, incentivo à abstinência após alta hospitalar e informações sobre estratégias para cessação do tabaco e recaídas. Conclusão: a intervenção educativa se mostrou inovadora e com grande capacidade de difusão do conhecimento. O pós-teste evidenciou efeito positivo na frequência das ações visando à cessação tabágica implementadas pela equipe de enfermagem.
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Derbel K, Maatoug C, Mchita A, Mabrouk KH, Saad HB. Self-Reported Smoking Status 10-Months After a Single Session Intervention Including an Education Conference About Smoking Harms and Announcement of Spirometric Lung-Age. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE 2021; 15:11795484211047041. [PMID: 34690503 PMCID: PMC8532218 DOI: 10.1177/11795484211047041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the effects of announcing spirometric lung-age (SLA) on the smokers' self-reported smoking status reported conflicting results. Main objective To evaluate the effects of a single session intervention including an education conference about smoking harms and announcement of SLA on the participants' self-reported smoking status. Methodology An interventional study was conducted in a cable factory. The intervention included four steps: PowerPoint presentation about raising smoking hazards awareness; general questionnaire; measurement of the anthropometric and spirometric data, and announcement of SLA; and evaluation of the smokers' self-reported smoking status 10 months later (quitted smoking, decreased consumption; stable consumption, increased consumption). Results Thirty-six smokers completed the four steps. Ten months after the intervention, 11.1% of smokers quitted smoking, 52.7% decreased their consumption by 7 ± 4 cigarettes/day, 30.5% kept a stable consumption, and 5.5% increased their consumption by 9 ± 6 cigarettes/day. Conclusion Providing an education conference combined with announcing SLA motivated 64% of smokers to quit smoking or to reduce their cigarette consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansa Derbel
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Amira Mchita
- Occupational Medicine Group of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Occupational Medicine Group of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Université de Sousse. Faculté de Médecine de Sousse. Laboratoire de Physiologie. Sousse, Tunisie
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Hoeppner BB, Hoeppner SS, Carlon HA, Abry A, Darville A, Rohsenow DJ. Preparing for the Quit Day: Comparing Beliefs of Nondaily Versus Daily Young Adult Smokers as They Prepare for a Quit Attempt. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1038-1046. [PMID: 32882037 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most smoking cessation approaches are modeled on heavy daily smoking. With increasing prevalence of nondaily smoking, it may be necessary to modify these approaches for nondaily smokers. AIMS To provide information about beliefs and attitudes relevant to smoking cessation for nondaily smokers. METHODS Secondary analysis of two prospective studies on young adult smokers (18-24 years of age) provided brief advice to quit smoking. Measures include baseline levels of constructs relevant to smoking cessation counseling and perceived benefits of and barriers to smoking cessation. RESULTS Participants (n = 40 nondaily, 122 daily smokers) were predominantly White (70% and 84%, respectively), gender-balanced (50% and 43% female), full-time college students (89% and 95%). At baseline, nondaily smokers reported lower levels of nicotine dependence (p < .001; nondaily: Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) = 0.8 ± 1.5, daily: FTND = 3.1 ± 1.9), lower urge to smoke (p < .001), greater self-efficacy when facing external smoking stimuli (p = .03), expecting to experience fewer positive effects (reduced negative affect, p = <.001, stimulation, p = .02), and valuing the importance of smoking effects less (ps < .01) than daily smokers. During counseling, nondaily smokers generated both fewer benefits of cessation (Wald X2(df = 1) = 4.91, p = .027) and fewer barriers (Wald X2(df = 1) = 5.99, p =.014) than daily smokers. Withdrawal was not listed by nondaily smokers as a barrier (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Constructs relevant to smoking cessation for daily smokers were less salient to young nondaily smokers, compared with moderately addicted young daily smokers, as indicated by responses to standardized scales and by the generation of fewer benefits and barriers in counseling. Interventions may need to find novel ways to engage nondaily smokers, particularly young adult, in smoking cessation efforts. IMPLICATIONS This study is unique in eliciting benefits and barriers from nondaily smokers as they are about to make a quit attempt. This is a critically important point in time, as this is the point in time in which an action plan is formed and can be informed and enhanced by smoking cessation support. Our study further allowed direct comparison to daily smokers undergoing the same procedures, which allowed the identification of unique factors that may impact nondaily smokers in their quit attempt, which may guide intervention efforts. Use of a mixed method design further strengthen the rigor of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina B Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Susanne S Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hannah A Carlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra Abry
- Department of Psychiatry, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Damaris J Rohsenow
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
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Alzyoud S, Veeranki SP, Pbert L. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: nicotine dependence and smoking control strategies among youth. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1738572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukaina Alzyoud
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- World Health Organization, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sreenivas P. Veeranki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Premier Applied Sciences, Premier Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lori Pbert
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Thompson ME, Boudreau C, Quah AC, Ouimet J, Li G, Yan M, Mochizuki Y, Yoshimi I, Fong GT. Survey Methods of the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2598. [PMID: 32290304 PMCID: PMC7177252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the methods of the Wave 1 (2018) International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey. The respondents were adults aged 20 years and older in one of four user groups: (1) cigarette-only smokers who smoked at least monthly and used heated tobacco products (HTPs) not at all or less than weekly, (2) HTP-only users who used HTPs at least weekly and smoked cigarettes not at all or less than monthly, (3) cigarette-HTP dual users who smoked at least monthly and used HTPs at least weekly, and (4) non-users who had never smoked or who smoked less than monthly and used HTPs less than weekly. Eligible respondents were recruited by a commercial survey firm from its online panel. Respondents were allocated proportionally to sample strata based on demographic, geographic, and user type specifications benchmarked to a national reference. Survey weights, accounting for smoking/HTP use status, sex, age, education, and geography, were calibrated to benchmarks from a nationally representative survey in Japan. Response rate was 45.1% and cooperation rate was 96.3%. The total sample size was 4615 (3288 cigarette smokers, 164 exclusive HTP users, 549 cigarette-HTP dual users, and 614 non-users). The 2018 ITC Japan Survey sampling design and survey data collection methods will allow analyses to examine prospectively the use of cigarettes and HTPs in Japan and factors associated with the use of both products and of transitions between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Thompson
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Christian Boudreau
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Anne C.K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Janine Ouimet
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Yumiko Mochizuki
- Division of Tobacco Policy Research, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Itsuro Yoshimi
- Japan Cancer Society, 13th Floor, Yurakucho Center Bldg. 2-5-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan;
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.L.); (M.Y.); (G.T.F.)
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Ave Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
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Sagayadevan V, Abdin E, Shahwan S, Satghare P, Devi F, Cetty L, Sendren JR, Verma SK, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Motivations to quit smoking and challenges faced during cessation among individuals with first episode psychosis in Singapore. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1488-1494. [PMID: 30919587 PMCID: PMC6899675 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of smoking has been noted to be higher among individuals with mental illness, particularly among those with schizophrenia and related psychosis than in the general population. The present paper sought to examine the motivations and challenges to quit smoking among first episode psychosis patients (N = 281) enrolled in the Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) in Singapore. METHODS Questionnaires were used to collect details on an individual's smoking status, cessation attempts, motivations to quit, and challenges to stop smoking. Using baseline data, multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine the socio-demographic correlates of motivations and challenges of smoking cessation behaviour. RESULTS Of the study sample, 59.4% reported to have never smoked while 39.9% were currently smoking or had attempted smoking. Health reasons and cost were the most highly endorsed motivations to stop smoking; whereas cravings, stress, and boredom were highly endorsed as challenges to stop smoking. Socio-demographic factors such as age, educational level, and marital status were also found to be associated with the motivations to stop smoking and challenges faced during smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the most highly endorsed motivations and challenges reported among individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP) in an Asian population. Given that the literature examining motivations and challenges to quit smoking has predominantly focused on the general population, results from the current study have implications for the formulation of smoking cessation programmes targeted at individuals with mental illness, particularly those with FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pratika Satghare
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Devi
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laxman Cetty
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jagan R Sendren
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swapna K Verma
- Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP), Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Challenges and opportunities for greater tobacco control in Japan. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 70:78-86. [PMID: 31121458 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Japan is a high tobacco burden country with over 20 million smokers in 2017. Tobacco control measures in Japan has been criticised as largely inadequate and ineffective despite ratifying the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2004. Numerous factors such as pro-tobacco legislators, regulatory oversight of the primary Japanese tobacco company from the Ministry of Finance and industry interference on the policy-making process in Japan have prevented aggressive tobacco control efforts. Given the intricate challenges in Japan, it is important to develop feasible and effective smoking cessation strategies. In this paper, we have analysed the trends in tobacco prices, sale and smoking prevalence, major tobacco/smoking policies and some of the industry-related challenges that have prevented the development of effective tobacco control measures in Japan. We have emphasised the need for stronger implementation of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and its MPOWER policy package and to separate the tobacco industry from the tobacco control policymaking process to promote cessation and abstinence from smoking and better sensitisation against exposure to second-hand smoke.
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9
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Ten-year experience of smoking cessation in a single center in Japan. Respir Investig 2019; 57:380-387. [PMID: 30795920 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term, real-world data, as opposed to academic or research data, on outcomes of smoking cessation clinics are scarce. We assessed patient outcomes over a 10-year period at a smoking cessation clinic in a community teaching hospital in Japan and explored predictors of successful smoking cessation. METHODS We used data from a prospective registry of cigarette smokers who participated in a 3-month smoking cessation program comprising combined pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy and explored factors associated with program execution and successful smoking cessation. The primary outcome was smoking cessation, defined by quitting completely between the 8-week and 12-week sessions, with verification according to exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) level of ≤10 ppm. RESULTS Between August 2007 and December 2017, 813 patients with nicotine dependence participated in the program. The number of participants decreased after Japan׳s 2010 tobacco tax increase. Among participants, 433 (53.3%) completed the program. In multivariate analysis, the number of cigarettes smoked daily (odds ratio [OR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96, 0.99), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.16, 2.68), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.10, 2.78), and gastric/duodenal ulcer (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.04, 3.08) were significantly associated with program completion. Among program completers, 288 (66.5%) achieved smoking cessation. Exhaled CO level (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.93, 0.97) and mental disorders (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33, 0.85) were negatively associated with successful smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS Baseline exhaled CO level and mental disorders were significantly associated with either success or failure of smoking cessation.
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10
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Hsu CL, Hsueh KC, Chou MY, Yu HC, Mar GY, Chen HJ, West R. Long-term smoking cessation rates in elderly versus other adult smokers: A 3-year follow-up study in Taiwan. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 8:62-65. [PMID: 30094324 PMCID: PMC6072966 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking cessation improves life expectancy at any age. There is some evidence that elderly smokers have at least as good a chance of successfully stopping as other smokers but direct comparisons with long-term follow up are rare. This study aimed to compare success rates up to 3 years in smokers aged 65+ versus other adult smokers with and without adjustment for a range of other smoker characteristics. Methods This was a prospective study of 1065 smokers who attended a stop-smoking clinic in Taiwan. Participants (896 < 65 years, 169 65+ years) were followed up by telephone 3, 6, 12 and 36 months after the initial quit date. Prolonged abstinence (abstinent at all follow-ups) and point prevalence abstinence (7 days prior to final follow up) were compared between ‘elderly’ participants aged 65+ years versus ‘non-elderly’ participants aged <65 years with and without adjustment for a range of baseline smoker characteristics (sex, educational level, previous quit attempts, cigarette dependence score). Non-responders were considered to be smoking. Results Prolonged 36-month abstinence rates were 20.1% (N = 34) and 15.3% (N = 137) in the elderly and non-elderly participants respectively (p = 0.137). Point prevalence 36-month abstinence rates were 37.3% (N = 63) and 26.5% (N = 237) in the elderly and non-elderly participants respectively (p = 0.005). The odds ratios comparing elderly versus non-elderly abstinence rates after adjustment for baseline variables were 1.17 (95%CI = 0.75–1.83) and 1.52 (95%CI = 1.05–2.20) for prolonged abstinence and point prevalence abstinence respectively. Conclusions Elderly smokers attending smoker clinics in Taiwan appear to be at least as likely to achieve long-term abstinence as other adult smokers. Prolonged 36-month abstinence rates were higher in the elderly group. Point prevalence 36-month abstinence rates were also higher in the elderly group. and non-elderly participants respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Lin Hsu
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chieh Hsueh
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yueh Chou
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Yu
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuan Mar
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jhe Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Robert West
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London
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Pedro JM, Brito M, Barros H. Tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence in Bengo Province, Angola: A community-based survey. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188586. [PMID: 29176892 PMCID: PMC5703534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is concern about the potentially increasing use of tobacco in Angola. However, information on the frequency and determinants of this use is not systematised. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco consumption and nicotine dependence among smokers in an Angolan population and considering individual socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics. A community-based survey with 2,472 respondents (age range: 15-64 years) was conducted in 2013-2014 in the country's Bengo Province. The collection methodology for assessing each type of tobacco consumption and its daily quantification followed the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was also used to assess smokers. Mean values for prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence were estimated by sex and by previously defined variables. Daily smoking (6.1%) was found to be higher for males (10.0%) them among females (2.6%), and the amount of ex-smokers (7.5%) was higher them smokers. Only 0.2% of those surveyed reported use of smokeless (chewing) tobacco. One-third of ever-smokers reported having started smoking daily before age 18. Nicotine dependence levels were classified as very low or low in 83.6% of the smokers. Daily smoking prevalence increased with age, and was higher in rural areas and among individuals with no formal education, lower incomes, and alcohol consumption. This population presented a low smoking prevalence, along with a low number of daily smoked cigarettes and low levels of nicotine dependency, despite the low prices of, and easy access to, manufactured cigarettes. These two factors conjugated with the current absence of an Angolan policy for tobacco control, enhance the susceptibility for rising overall tobacco use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. Pedro
- CISA—Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola, Caxito, Angola
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Brito
- CISA—Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola, Caxito, Angola
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Wada K, Higuchi Y, Smith DR. Assessing the Impact of Nationwide Smoking Cessation Interventions among Employed, Middle-Aged Japanese Men, 2005-2010. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155151. [PMID: 27163286 PMCID: PMC4862686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of tobacco control interventions have become available in Japan over the past decade, however, the magnitude to which they have impacted on smoking rates may have varied by socioeconomic status such as job content, particularly for middle-aged men who were formerly long-term smokers. We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate the differences between smoking cessation strategies among a national sample of middle-aged Japanese employed men between 2005 and 2010. METHODS Data was extracted from a previous longitudinal survey of middle-aged and elderly people that had been conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. In 2005, 16,738 Japanese men aged 50-59 years were recruited and sent a questionnaire in each year of the study. We analyzed data for individuals who reported being current smokers at baseline. Cox's discrete time proportional hazard regression analysis was used to examine potential associations between smoking cessation and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Of the 6187 employed, male smokers who participated in 2005, 31% subsequently quit smoking during the 5-year follow-up period. Those working in manufacturing, transportation, or security were less likely to have quit smoking than those working in management. Having no marital partner, never having been married, or those experiencing psychological distress were significantly less likely to have quit smoking during this time. CONCLUSIONS Although almost one-third of middle-aged, male smokers quit their habit between 2005 and 2010; the uptake of this national strategy appears to have been far from uniform across Japanese society. Socioeconomic factors such as occupation, marital status and psychological distress were negatively correlated with quitting, suggesting that these groups should be more aggressively targeted in further interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Wada
- International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Higuchi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Fukuoka University of Education, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Derek R. Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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