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Modeling and Mathematical Analysis of the Dynamics of HPV in Cervical Epithelial Cells: Transient, Acute, Latency, and Chronic Infections. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8650071. [PMID: 36050998 PMCID: PMC9427304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8650071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to model the dynamics of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical epithelial cells. We developed a mathematical model of the epithelial cellular dynamics of the stratified epithelium of three (basale, intermedium, and corneum) stratums that is based on three ordinary differential equations. We determine the biological condition for the existence of the epithelial cell homeostasis equilibrium, and we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for its global stability using the method of Lyapunov functions and a theorem on limiting systems. We have also developed a mathematical model based on seven ordinary differential equations that describes the dynamics of HPV infection. We calculated the basic reproductive number (R0) of the infection using the next-generation operator method. We determine the existence and the local stability of the equilibrium point of the cellular homeostasis of the epithelium. We then give a sufficient condition for the global asymptotic stability of the epithelial cell homeostasis equilibrium using the Lyapunov function method. We proved that this equilibrium point is nonhyperbolic when R0 = 1 and that in this case, the system presents a forward bifurcation, which shows the existence of an infected equilibrium point when R0 > 1. We also study the solutions numerically (i.e., viral kinetic in silico) when R0 > 1. Finally, local sensitivity index was calculated to assess the influence of different parameters on basic reproductive number. Our model reproduces the transient, acute, latent, and chronic infections that have been reported in studies of the natural history of HPV.
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Zhang Y, Xu X, Yu L, Shi X, Min M, Xiong L, Pan J, Zhang Y, Liu P, Wu G, Gao G. Vaginal Microbiota Changes Caused by HPV Infection in Chinese Women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:814668. [PMID: 35800384 PMCID: PMC9253274 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.814668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. After studying 602 unvaccinated Chinese women using 16S rRNA to detect cervical-vaginal microecology, we analyzed the relationship between HPV infection and vaginal microecology including 20 HPV types. In Chinese women, L. gasseri–dominated and L. jensenii–dominated clusters were significantly absence. Microbial alpha diversity was significantly higher in HPV-infected and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)–diagnosed groups than in healthy control group. Certain bacteria were associated with HPV infection and CIN, including Streptococcus, Prevotella, Chlamydia, Bifidobacterium, Ralstonia, and Aerococcus. With the development of disease, the proportions of community state type III (CST-III) and CST-IV-B gradually increased, whereas the proportions of CST-I and CST-IV-A gradually decreased. In addition, age was an influential factor for HPV infection. With aging, the probability of HPV infection and the proportion of CST-IV-B increase. In conclusion, our study was a large cross-sectional study that evaluated the relationship between vaginal microbiota and HPV infection, and brought essential comparable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichan Zhang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxian Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peipei Liu, ; Guizhen Wu, ; Guolan Gao,
| | - Guizhen Wu
- National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peipei Liu, ; Guizhen Wu, ; Guolan Gao,
| | - Guolan Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, The Eight Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peipei Liu, ; Guizhen Wu, ; Guolan Gao,
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Hammer A, Blaakaer J, de Koning MNC, Steiniche T, Mejlgaard E, Svanholm H, Roensbo MT, Fuglsang K, Doorbar J, Andersen RH, Quint WGV, Gravitt PE. Evidence of latent HPV infection in older Danish women with a previous history of cervical dysplasia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:608-615. [PMID: 35481603 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding whether human papillomavirus (HPV) may establish latency in the uterine cervix is important. A better understanding of HPV natural history is useful for clinical counseling of women attending screening and to accurately inform health prevention strategies such as screening and HPV vaccination. We evaluated the extent of latent HPV infections in older women with a history of abnormal cytology. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in Aarhus, Denmark, from March 2013 through April 2015. Women were enrolled if they underwent cervical amputation or total hysterectomy because of benign disease. Prior to surgery, women completed a questionnaire and a cervical smear was collected for HPV testing and morphological assessment. For evaluation of latency (i.e., no evidence of active HPV infection, but HPV detected in the tissue), we selected women with a history of abnormal cervical cytology or histology, as these women were considered at increased risk of harboring a latent infection. Cervical tissue underwent extensive HPV testing using the SPF10-DEIA-LipA25 assay. RESULTS Of 103 women enrolled, 26 were included in this analysis. Median age was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR] 52-65), and most women were postmenopausal and parous. The median number of sexual partners over the lifetime was six (IQR 3-10), and 85% reported no recent new sexual partner. Five women (19.2%) had evidence of active infection at the time of surgery, and 19 underwent latency evaluation. Of these, a latent infection was detected in 11 (57.9%), with HPV16 being the most prevalent type (50%). Nearly 80% (n = 14) of the 18 women with a history of previous low-grade or high-grade cytology with no treatment had an active or latent HPV infection, with latent infections predominating. HPV was detected in two of the six women with a history of high-grade cytology and subsequent excisional treatment, both as latent infections. CONCLUSIONS HPV can be detected in cervical tissue specimens without any evidence of an active HPV infection, indicative of a latent, immunologically controlled infection. Modeling studies should consider including a latent state in their model when estimating the appropriate age to stop screening and when evaluating the impact of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hammer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gødstrup Hospital, Gødstrup, Denmark
| | - Jan Blaakaer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Else Mejlgaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Svanholm
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Mette T Roensbo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Fuglsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rikke H Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Wim G V Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Viroclinics-DDL, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Patti E Gravitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Uysal IB, Boué V, Murall CL, Graf C, Selinger C, Hirtz C, Bernat C, Ravel J, Reynes J, Bonneau M, Rahmoun M, Segondy M, Boulle N, Grasset S, Groc S, Waterboer T, Tribout V, Bravo IG, Burrel S, Foulongne V, Alizon S, Tessandier N. Concomitant and productive genital infections by HSV-2 and HPV in two young women: A case report. IDCases 2022; 30:e01604. [PMID: 36119756 PMCID: PMC9478384 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the most oncogenic virus known to humans, are often associated with Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) infections. The involvement of the latter in cervical cancer is controversial but its long-term infections might modulate the mucosal microenvironment in a way that favors carcinogenesis. We know little about coinfections between HSV-2 and HPVs, and studying the immunological and microbiological dynamics in the early stages of these infections may help identify or rule out potential interactions. We report two cases of concomitant productive, although asymptomatic, HSV-2 and HPV infections in young women (aged 20 and 25). The women were followed up for approximately a year, with clinical visits every two months and weekly self-samples. We performed quantitative analyses of their HSV-2 and HPV viral loads, immunological responses (IgG and IgM antibodies and local cytokines expression profiles), vaginal microbiota composition, as well as demographic and behavior data. We detect interactions between virus loads, immune response, and the vaginal microbiota, which improve our understanding of HSV-2 and HPVs’ coinfections and calls for further investigation with larger cohorts.
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Selinger C, Alizon S. Reconstructing contact network structure and cross-immunity patterns from multiple infection histories. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009375. [PMID: 34525092 PMCID: PMC8475980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions within a population shape the spread of infectious diseases but contact patterns between individuals are difficult to access. We hypothesised that key properties of these patterns can be inferred from multiple infection data in longitudinal follow-ups. We developed a simulator for epidemics with multiple infections on networks and analysed the resulting individual infection time series by introducing similarity metrics between hosts based on their multiple infection histories. We find that, depending on infection multiplicity and network sampling, multiple infection summary statistics can recover network properties such as degree distribution. Furthermore, we show that by mining simulation outputs for multiple infection patterns, one can detect immunological interference between pathogens (i.e. the fact that past infections in a host condition future probability of infection). The combination of individual-based simulations and analysis of multiple infection histories opens promising perspectives to infer and validate transmission networks and immunological interference for infectious diseases from longitudinal cohort data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Alizon
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Zhang N, Liu Y, Yang H, Liang M, Wang X, Wang M, Kong J, Yuan X, Zhou F. Clinical Significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum Infection and Regulatory T Cell Enrichment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609846. [PMID: 34305476 PMCID: PMC8300010 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic microorganisms promote tumor occurrence and development through long-term colonization in the body. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is abundant in precancerous esophageal lesions and is closely related to the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The invasion of exogenous microorganisms can reshape the immune microenvironment, make the immune system incapacitated, and assist tumor cells in immune escape. A variety of pathogenic microorganisms induce the recruitment of regulatory T cell (Tregs) to allow tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and provide favorable conditions for their own long-term colonization. Tregs are one of the major obstacles to tumor immunotherapy and have a significant positive correlation with the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumors. Because F. nucleatum can instantly enter cells and colonize for a long time, we speculated that F. nucleatum infection could facilitate the immune escape of tumor cells through enrichment of Tregs and promote the malignant progression of ESCC. In this study, we found a significant concordance between F. nucleatum infection and Tregs infiltration. Therefore, we propose the view that chronic infection of F. nucleatum may provide favorable conditions for long-term colonization of itself by recruiting Tregs and suppressing the immune response. At the same time, the massive enrichment of Treg may also weaken the immune response and assist in the long-term colonization of F. nucleatum. We analyzed the correlation between F. nucleatum infection with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis of the patients. F. nucleatum infection was found to be closely related to sex, smoking, drinking, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. The degree of differentiation, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and F. nucleatum infection are independent risk factors affecting ESCC prognosis. Additionally, the survival rate and median survival time were significantly shortened in the F. nucleatum infection positive group. Therefore, we propose that long-term smoking and alcohol consumption cause poor oral and esophageal environments, thereby significantly increasing the risk of F. nucleatum infection. In turn, F. nucleatum infection and colonization may weaken the antitumor immune response through Treg enrichment and further assist in self-colonization, promoting the malignant progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of PE, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengxia Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
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Cytokine response following perturbation of the cervicovaginal milieu during HPV genital infection. Immunol Res 2021; 69:255-263. [PMID: 33939124 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are oncogenic viruses causing most cervical cancers. Highly prevalent in young, sexually active women, only a minority of HPV infections persist. To better characterize the immuno-modulatory impact of early HPV infections, we measured changes in a panel of 20 cytokines in cervicovaginal samples collected from young women who were tested for HPV and self-reported for genital inflammation and infection symptoms. Multi-factor statistical analyses revealed that increased IL-1Alpha and IL-12/IL-23p40 concentrations were associated with HPV infection and that macrophage inflammatory proteins were associated in particular with high-risk HPV infections. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02946346.
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Kombe Kombe AJ, Li B, Zahid A, Mengist HM, Bounda GA, Zhou Y, Jin T. Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation. Front Public Health 2021; 8:552028. [PMID: 33553082 PMCID: PMC7855977 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.552028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosed in more than 90% of cervical cancers, the fourth deadliest cancer in women, human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common pathogen responsible for female cancers. Moreover, HPV infection is associated with many other diseases, including cutaneous and anogenital warts, and genital and upper aerodigestive tract cancers. The incidence and prevalence of these pathologies vary considerably depending on factors including HPV genotype, regional conditions, the study population, and the anatomical site sampled. Recently, features of the cervicovaginal microbiota are found to be associated with the incidence of HPV-related diseases, presenting a novel approach to identify high-risk women through both blood and cervical samples. Overall, the HPV repartition data show that HPV infection and related diseases are more prevalent in developing countries. Moreover, the available (2-, 4-, and 9-valent) vaccines based on virus-like particles, despite their proven effectiveness and safety, present some limitations in terms of system development cost, transport cold chain, and oncogenic HPV variants. In addition, vaccination programs face some challenges, leading to a considerable burden of HPV infection and related diseases. Therefore, even though the new (9-valent) vaccine seems promising, next-generation vaccines as well as awareness programs associated with HPV vaccination and budget reinforcements for immunization are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Gabonese Scientific Research Consortium, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Bofeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guy-Armel Bounda
- Gabonese Scientific Research Consortium, Libreville, Gabon.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Sinomedica Co., Ltd., Mong Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
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Hampson IN, Oliver AW, Hampson L. Potential Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type Substitution, Superinfection Exclusion and Latency on the Efficacy of the Current L1 Prophylactic Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010022. [PMID: 33374445 PMCID: PMC7823767 DOI: 10.3390/v13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are >200 different types of human papilloma virus (HPV) of which >51 infect genital epithelium, with ~14 of these classed as high-risk being more commonly associated with cervical cancer. During development of the disease, high-risk types have an increased tendency to develop a truncated non-replicative life cycle, whereas low-risk, non-cancer-associated HPV types are either asymptomatic or cause benign lesions completing their full replicative life cycle. HPVs can also be present as non-replicative so-called “latent” infections and they can also show superinfection exclusion, where cells with pre-existing infections with one type cannot be infected with a different HPV type. Thus, the HPV repertoire and replication status present in an individual can form a complex dynamic meta-community which changes with respect to both time and exposure to different HPV types. In light of these considerations, it is not clear how current prophylactic HPV vaccines will affect this system and the potential for iatrogenic outcomes is discussed in light of recent outcome data.
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HPV cervical infections and serological status in vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Vaccine 2020; 38:8167-8174. [PMID: 33168348 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding genital infections by Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remains a major public health issue, especially in countries where vaccine uptake is low. We investigate HPV prevalence and antibody status in 150 women (ages 18 to 25) in Montpellier, France. At inclusion and one month later, cervical swabs, blood samples and questionnaires (for demographics and behavioural variables) were collected. Oncogenic, non-vaccine genotypes HPV51, HPV66, HPV53, and HPV52 were the most frequently detected viral genotypes overall. Vaccination status, which was well-balanced in the cohort, showed the strongest (protective) effect against HPV infections, with an associated odds ratio for alphapapillomavirus detection of 0.45 (95% confidence interval: [0.22;0.58]). We also identified significant effects of age, number of partners, body mass index, and contraception status on HPV detection and on coinfections. Type-specific IgG serological status was also largely explained by the vaccination status. IgM seropositivity was best explained by HPV detection at inclusion only. Finally, we identify a strong significant effect of vaccination on genotype prevalence, with a striking under-representation of HPV51 in vaccinated women. Variations in HPV prevalence correlate with key demographic and behavioural variables. The cross-protective effect of the vaccine against HPV51 merits further investigation.
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