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Hinterwirth A, Sié A, Coulibaly B, Ouermi L, Dah C, Tapsoba C, Zhong L, Chen C, Lietman TM, Keenan JD, Doan T, Oldenburg CE. Rapid Reduction of Campylobacter Species in the Gut Microbiome of Preschool Children after Oral Azithromycin: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1266-1269. [PMID: 32524948 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter has emerged as a potential important cause of childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Biannual mass azithromycin distribution has previously been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso in which children were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a 5-day course of azithromycin or placebo to investigate the effect of oral antibiotics on the gut microbiome. We evaluated the changes in the gut microbiome of preschool children treated with azithromycin using metagenomic DNA sequencing. We found that three Campylobacter species were reduced with azithromycin treatment compared with placebo. These results were consistent with other studies that have shown decreases in Campylobacter species after azithromycin treatment, generating the hypothesis that a decrease in Campylobacter may contribute to observations of reduction in mortality following azithromycin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Hinterwirth
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Clarisse Dah
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Lina Zhong
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cindi Chen
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thomas M Lietman
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy D Keenan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Catherine E Oldenburg
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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