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Khalil H, McInerney P, Pollock D, Alexander L, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Godfrey CM, Peters MDJ. Practical guide to undertaking scoping reviews for pharmacy clinicians, researchers and policymakers. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 47:129-134. [PMID: 34714560 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Scoping reviews are a valuable evidence synthesis methodology. They can be used to map the evidence related to any topic to allow examination of practice, methods, policy and where (and how) future research could be undertaken. As such, they are a useful form of evidence synthesis for pharmacy clinicians, researchers and policymakers to review a broad range of evidence sources. COMMENT This commentary presents the most comprehensive and up to date methodology for scoping reviews published by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). This approach builds upon two older approaches by Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac. To assist reviewers working in the field of pharmacy with planning and conducting scoping reviews, this paper describes how to undertake scoping reviews from inception to publication with specific examples related to pharmacy topics. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The JBI scoping review methodology is a valuable evidence synthesis approach to the field of pharmacy and therapeutics. This approach can assist pharmacy clinicians, researchers and policymakers to gain an understanding of the extant literature, to identify gaps, to explore concepts, characteristics and to examine current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Khalil
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Evidence Based Nursing and Midwifery: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patricia McInerney
- Wits-JBI Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A JBI Affiliated Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Danielle Pollock
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lindsay Alexander
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.,Scottish Centre for Evidence-Based Multi-Professional Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Zac Munn
- JBI, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division and Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Christina M Godfrey
- Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Micah D J Peters
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Nursing School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,The Centre for Evidence-Based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Adelaide, Australia
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Pharmacy-based initiatives to reduce unintended pregnancies: A scoping review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:1673-1684. [PMID: 33582078 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacy contraception services are thought to improve access, with the potential to reduce the persistent sexual and reproductive health inequities observed globally. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the range of pharmacy-based initiatives addressing unintended pregnancy in the primary literature and examine their feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness. METHOD Using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews, we searched seven bibliographic databases using combinations of keywords and subject headings for related to contraception and community pharmacy. Studies of any design undertaken in high income countries for reproductive-aged women were eligible provided they evaluated intervention or legislation after the implementation of these initiatives. Included articles were critically appraised and findings summarised narratively. RESULTS We identified 49 articles, 80% of which involved pharmacist supply of emergency contraception (EC), 14% of regular contraception methods, and 6% involved adjuncts of EC dispensing: counselling (2%) and bridging initiatives to link clients with regular contraception (4%). EC initiatives were perceived as feasible and were facilitated by interdisciplinary partnerships but there are persistent barriers to the provision of initiatives congruous with the retail pharmacy setting. Furthermore, consumers may be reluctant to receive contraceptive counselling from pharmacists but often value the convenience and anonymity pharmacy services offer. Overall, interventions improved access to contraceptive products but did not consistently reduce inequities, and the health benefits of pharmacy initiatives are either small (EC) or lacking description in the literature (other contraceptive methods and contraceptive counselling). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy initiatives may not negate all barriers to access or reduce unintended pregnancy rates, however they are valued by pharmacists and consumers. Evidence gaps including the lack of description of health outcomes of regular contraception provision, contraceptive counselling and the perceived barriers and facilitators of access and provision from end-user perspectives, should be pursued in future research, to establish initiatives' utility and effectiveness.
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Patient Screenings for Preconception Health Interventions at a Community Pharmacy. PHARMACY 2020; 8:pharmacy8040181. [PMID: 33027982 PMCID: PMC7712468 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconception health refers to health before pregnancy and involves addressing risk factors that can negatively impact either a patient or future pregnancy. Pharmacists can play an essential role in screening for and managing patients’ risk factors to optimize pregnancy outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether preconception health screenings in community pharmacy settings identify opportunities for preconception health services, particularly pharmacy-based interventions. The secondary objectives are to describe the preconception health status of community pharmacy patients and their interest in receiving preconception care services by a clinical pharmacist in a community pharmacy setting. Two independent pharmacies conducted a pilot project where people were invited to complete a health screening form that evaluated their preconception health. Participants received a personalized health report with an invitation to meet with the clinical pharmacist for services related to identified opportunities, such as contraception and immunizations. Retrospective analysis was conducted for data collected from 43 women during the patient screening effort in three community pharmacy settings (two independent community pharmacy locations and one neighborhood pharmacy outreach event). Nearly all participants (n = 42, 98%) had at least one opportunity identified to receive preconception care services, with the majority related to their alcohol use (60%). A majority of participants (56%) indicated an interest in learning more about preconception services offered at the pharmacy, but only 19% wanted to schedule an appointment with a pharmacist. Thus, there is an apparent need and opportunity for utilization of preconception health services at the pharmacy.
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