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Kim M, Ahn JM, Kang DY, Kim MJ, Kim KW, Koo HJ, Yang DH, Jung SC, Kim B, Wong YTA, Lam CCS, Yin WH, Wei J, Lee YT, Kao HL, Lin MS, Yu Ko T, Kim WJ, Kang SH, Lee SA, Ko E, Kim DH, Kang JW, Lee JH, Lee J, Park J, Kim H, Choi Y, Park SJ, Park DW. Low- or standard-dose edoxaban versus antiplatelet therapy for leaflet thrombus and cerebral thromboembolism after TAVR: A prespecified analysis of randomized ADAPT-TAVR trial. Am Heart J 2024; 269:167-178. [PMID: 38123045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risks of leaflet thrombosis and the associated cerebral thromboembolism are unknown according to different anticoagulation dosing after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aim was to evaluate the incidence of leaflet thrombosis and cerebral thromboembolism between low-dose (30 mg) or standard-dose (60 mg) edoxaban and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after TAVR. METHODS In this prespecified subgroup analysis of the ADAPT-TAVR trial, the primary endpoint was the incidence of leaflet thrombosis on 4-dimensional computed tomography at 6-months. Key secondary endpoints were new cerebral lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging and neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction. RESULTS Of 229 patients enrolled in this study, 118 patients were DAPT group and 111 were edoxaban group (43 [39.1%] 60 mg vs 68 [61.3%] 30 mg). There was a significantly lower incidence of leaflet thrombosis in the standard-dose edoxaban group than in the DAPT group (2.4% vs 18.3%; odds ratio [OR] 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-0.55; P = .03). However, no significant difference was observed between low-dose edoxaban and DAPT (15.0% vs 18.3%; OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.32-1.81; P = .58). Irrespective of different antithrombotic regiments, the percentages of patients with new cerebral lesions on brain MRI and worsening neurological or neurocognitive function were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS In patients without an indication for anticoagulation after TAVR, the incidence of leaflet thrombosis was significantly lower with standard-dose edoxaban but not with low-dose edoxaban, as compared with DAPT. However, this differential effect of edoxaban on leaflet thrombosis was not associated with a reduction of new cerebral thromboembolism and neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yoon Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Asan Image Metrics, Clinical Trial Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chai Jung
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Tung Anthony Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Cheung Chi Simon Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsai Lee
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Yu Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jang Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euihong Ko
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Won Kang
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Park
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choi Y, Ahn JM, Kang DY, Kim HJ, Kim H, Lee J, Kim M, Park J, Kim KW, Koo HJ, Yang DH, Jung SC, Kim B, Anthony Wong YT, Simon Lam CC, Yin WH, Wei J, Lee YT, Kao HL, Lin MS, Ko TY, Kim WJ, Kang SH, Lee SA, Kim DH, Lee JH, Park SJ, Park DW. Frequency, Predictors, and Clinical Impact of Valvular and Perivalvular Thrombus After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 16:2967-2981. [PMID: 38151311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical aortic valve complex (valvular and perivalvular) thrombus is not rare after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The risk factors and clinical implications of these findings remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the frequency, predictors, and clinical outcome of aortic valve complex thrombus after TAVR. METHODS In the ADAPT-TAVR (Anticoagulation Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Leaflet Thrombosis and Cerebral Embolization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) trial comparing edoxaban vs dual antiplatelet therapy in TAVR patients without an indication for chronic anticoagulation, the frequency of valvular (subclinical leaflet thrombus) and perivalvular (supravalvular, subvalvular, and sinus of Valsalva) thrombus was evaluated by 4-dimensional computed tomography at 6 months. The association of these phenomena with new cerebral thromboembolism on brain magnetic resonance imaging, neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction, and clinical outcomes was assessed. RESULTS Among 211 patients with 6-month computed tomography evaluations, 91 patients (43.1%) had thrombus at any aortic valve complex, 30 (14.2%) patients had leaflet thrombus, and 78 (37.0%) patients had perivalvular thrombus. A small maximum diameter of the stent at the valve level and low body surface area were independent predictors of aortic valve complex and perivalvular thrombus, and decreased renal function was an independent predictor of leaflet thrombus. No significant differences were observed in new cerebral lesions, neurologic or neurocognitive functions, or clinical outcomes among patients with or without valvular or perivalvular thrombus. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical aortic valve complex (valvular and perivalvular) thrombus was common in patients who had undergone successful TAVR. However, these imaging phenomena were not associated with new cerebral thromboembolism, neurologic or neurocognitive dysfunction, or adverse clinical outcomes. (Anticoagulation Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Leaflet Thrombosis and Cerebral Embolization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement [ADAPT-TAVR]; NCT03284827).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Yoon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Asan Image Metrics, Clinical Trial Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Chai Jung
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiu Tung Anthony Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Cheung Chi Simon Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsai Lee
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jang Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Medical Center, Korea
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Medical Center, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Jang MH, Ahn JM, Kang DY, Kim KW, Koo HJ, Yang DH, Jung SC, Kim B, Wong YTA, Lam CCS, Yin WH, Wei J, Lee YT, Kao HL, Lin MS, Ko TY, Kim WJ, Kang SH, Ko E, Lee SA, Kim DH, Kim H, Choi Y, Lee J, Park SJ, Park DW. Impact of leaflet thrombosis on valve haemodynamic status after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Heart 2023; 110:140-147. [PMID: 37586823 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of subclinical leaflet thrombosis, characterised by hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT), on the valve haemodynamic function and durability of the bioprosthetic valve, is not yet determined. We determined the impact of HALT on valve haemodynamics after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and the predictors of haemodynamic structural valve deterioration (SVD). METHODS The Anticoagulation vs Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Prevention of Leaflet Thrombosis and Cerebral Embolization after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement(ADAPT-TAVR) trial is a multicenter, randomised trial that compared edoxaban and dual antiplatelet therapy in patients who had undergone successful TAVR. The presence of HALT was evaluated by four-dimensional CT at 6 months and serial echocardiography performed at baseline, immediately post-TAVR and after 6 months. SVD was defined as at least one of the following: (1) mean transprosthetic gradient ≥20 mm Hg, (2) change in the mean gradient ≥10 mm Hg from baseline, or (3) new or increase in intraprosthetic aortic regurgitation of at least ≥1 grade, resulting in moderate or greater regurgitation. RESULTS At 6 months, HALT was found in 30 of 211 (14.2%) patients. The presence of HALT did not significantly affect aortic valve mean gradients (with vs without HALT; 14.0±4.8 mm Hg vs 13.7±5.5 mm Hg; p=0.74) at 6 months. SVD was reported in 30 of 206 patients (14.6%) at 6-month follow-up echocardiography. Older age (OR: 1.138; 95% CI: 1.019 to 1.293; p=0.033), use of aortic valve size ≤23 mm (OR: 6.254; 95% CI: 2.230 to 20.569; p=0.001) and mean post-TAVR pressure gradient (OR: 1.233; 95% CI: 1.123 to 1.371; p<0.001) were independent predictors of haemodynamic SVD; however, the presence of HALT was not identified as a predictor of SVD. CONCLUSIONS In patients who had undergone successful TAVR, aortic valve haemodynamic status was not influenced by the presence of HALT. Although HALT was not a predictor of haemodynamic SVD at 6 months, it warrants further longer-term follow-up to evaluate the effect on long-term valve durability. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03284827 (https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung Won Kim
- Asan Image Metrics, Clinical Trial Center, Asan Institue for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Byungjun Kim
- Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Wei
- Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsai Lee
- Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Ko
- Cardiology, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jang Kim
- Cardiology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Euihong Ko
- Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyun Kim
- Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jinho Lee
- Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Park S, Kang DY, Ahn JM, Kim DH, Park DW, Park SJ, Kang JW, Yang DH, Lee SA, Koo HJ. Impact of new-onset arrhythmia on cardiac reverse remodeling following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: computed tomography-derived left ventricular and atrial strains. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:8454-8463. [PMID: 37368107 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are at risk for new-onset arrhythmia (NOA) that may require permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation, resulting in decreased cardiac function. We aimed to investigate the factors that are associated with NOA after TAVR and to compare pre- and post-TAVR cardiac functions between patients with and without NOA using CT-derived strain analyses. METHODS We included consecutive patients who underwent pre- and post-TAVR cardiac CT scans six months after TAVR. New-onset left bundle branch block, atrioventricular block, and atrial fibrillation/flutter lasting over 30 days after the procedure and/or the need for PPM diagnosed within 1 year after TAVR were regarded as NOA. Implant depth and left heart function and strains were analyzed using multi-phase CT images and compared between patients with and without NOA. RESULTS Of 211 patients (41.7% men; median 81 years), 52 (24.6%) presented with NOA after TAVR, and 24 (11.4%) implanted PPM. Implant depth was significantly deeper in the NOA group than in the non-NOA group (- 6.7 ± 2.4 vs. - 5.6 ± 2.6 mm; p = 0.009). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain were significantly improved only in the non-NOA group (LV GLS, - 15.5 ± 4.0 to - 17.3 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001; LA reservoir strain, 22.3 ± 8.9 to 26.5 ± 7.6%; p < 0.001). The mean percent change of the LV GLS and LA reservoir strains was evident in the non-NOA group (p = 0.019 and p = 0.035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A quarter of patients presented with NOA after TAVR. Deep implant depth on post-TAVR CT scans was associated with NOA. Patients with NOA after TAVR had impaired LV reserve remodeling assessed by CT-derived strains. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT New-onset arrhythmia (NOA) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) impairs cardiac reverse remodeling. CT-derived strain analysis reveals that patients with NOA do not show improvement in left heart function and strains, highlighting the importance of managing NOA for optimal outcomes. KEY POINTS • New-onset arrhythmia following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a concern that interferes with cardiac reverse remodeling. • Comparison of pre-and post-TAVR CT-derived left heart strain provides insight into the impaired cardiac reverse remodeling in patients with new-onset arrhythmia following TAVR. • The expected reverse remodeling was not observed in patients with new-onset arrhythmia following TAVR, given that CT-derived left heart function and strains did not improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Do-Yoon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Joon-Won Kang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Lee JH, Ahn JM, Kang DY, Kim KW, Koo HJ, Yang DH, Jung SC, Kim B, Wong YTA, Lam CCS, Yin WH, Wei J, Lee YT, Kao HL, Lin MS, Ko TY, Kim WJ, Kang SH, Yun SC, Ko E, Park H, Lee SA, Kim DH, Park SJ, Park DW. Effect of Edoxaban Versus Antiplatelet Therapy on Leaflet Thrombosis and Cerebral Thromboembolism After TAVI According to Major Clinical and Anatomic Factors in Prespecified Subgroup Analysis from the ADAPT-TAVR Trial. Am J Cardiol 2023; 203:352-361. [PMID: 37517131 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown whether edoxaban versus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has differential treatment effects on leaflet thrombosis, cerebral thromboembolism, and neurologic or neurocognitive dysfunction according to clinical and anatomic factors after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. To investigate the relative effects of edoxaban and DAPT on leaflet and cerebral thromboembolism in patients with major risk factors. The primary end point of this study was the incidence of leaflet thrombosis on computed tomography at 6 months. The secondary end points were new cerebral lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Cox regression models assessed the consistency of the treatment effects in the prespecified subgroups. The favorable effect of edoxaban versus DAPT on the leaflet thrombosis was consistent across multiple clinical or anatomic subgroups, without significant interaction between the drug effect and each subgroup (p for interaction for age = 0.597, gender = 0.557, body mass index = 0.866, Society of Thoracic Surgeons score = 0.307, valve type = 0.702, edoxaban reduction criteria = 0.604, and valve morphology = 0.688). However, the incidence of new cerebral lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging and worsening of neurologic and neurocognitive function were not significantly different between the groups among the various key subgroups. The relative effects of edoxaban and DAPT on the risk of leaflet thrombosis, cerebral thromboembolism, and neurologic dysfunction were consistent across a diverse spectrum of clinical or anatomical factors. Further studies are required to define tailored antithrombotic therapy for high-risk groups with specific clinical or anatomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung Won Kim
- Asan Image Metrics, Clinical Trial Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, and
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, and
| | - Seung Chai Jung
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology, and
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiu Tung Anthony Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheung Chi Simon Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsai Lee
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jang Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Division of Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euihong Ko
- Department of Cardiology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hanbit Park
- Department of Cardiology, GangNeung Asan Hospital, GangNeung, Korea
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Barbosa Moreira MJ, Peixoto NADA, Udoma-Udofa OC, de Lucena Silva Araújo S, Enriquez SKT. Direct oral anticoagulant versus antiplatelet therapy following transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients without prior or concurrent indication for anticoagulation: A meta-analysis of randomized studies. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 101:449-457. [PMID: 36573426 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antithrombotic management following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients who do not have a concurrent indication for long-term anticoagulation therapy is an ongoing source of debate. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) versus antiplatelet therapy after TAVR in patients without a concomitant indication for chronic oral anticoagulation. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Risk ratios (RR) with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Three studies were included, with 2922 patients who underwent TAVR, of whom 1463 (50.1%) received DOACs. Patients who received DOACs therapy had significantly higher all-cause mortality (RR: 1.68; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.22-2.30; p = 0.001) and non-cardiovascular mortality (RR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.13-4.80; p = 0.02). The incidence of major bleeding was not significantly different between the groups (5.3% vs. 3.8%; RR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.90-2.32; p = 0.13). There was no difference between DOACs and antiplatelet therapy in terms of: ischemic stroke (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.76-2.15; p = 0.35) and cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.36; 95% CI: 0.92-2.03; p = 0.13). Lastly, the DOACs group had a significantly lower risk of valve thrombosis than the antiplatelet group (0.8% vs. 3.2%; RR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14-0.51; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing DOACs to antiplatelet therapy after TAVR in patients without a concomitant indication for anticoagulation, DOACs were associated with a lower incidence of valve thrombosis and a higher rate of all-cause mortality, driven by an increase in noncardiac causes of death.
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Park DW, Ahn JM, Kang DY, Kim KW, Koo HJ, Yang DH, Jung SC, Kim B, Wong YTA, Lam CCS, Yin WH, Wei J, Lee YT, Kao HL, Lin MS, Ko TY, Kim WJ, Kang SH, Yun SC, Lee SA, Ko E, Park H, Kim DH, Kang JW, Lee JH, Park SJ. Edoxaban Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Leaflet Thrombosis and Cerebral Thromboembolism After TAVR: The ADAPT-TAVR Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation 2022; 146:466-479. [PMID: 35373583 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether the direct oral anticoagulant edoxaban can reduce leaflet thrombosis and the accompanying cerebral thromboembolic risk after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. In addition, the causal relationship of subclinical leaflet thrombosis with cerebral thromboembolism and neurological or neurocognitive dysfunction remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, open-label randomized trial comparing edoxaban with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel) in patients who had undergone successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement and did not have an indication for anticoagulation. The primary end point was an incidence of leaflet thrombosis on 4-dimensional computed tomography at 6 months. Key secondary end points were the number and volume of new cerebral lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging and the serial changes of neurological and neurocognitive function between 6 months and immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. RESULTS A total of 229 patients were included in the final intention-to-treat population. There was a trend toward a lower incidence of leaflet thrombosis in the edoxaban group compared with the dual antiplatelet therapy group (9.8% versus 18.4%; absolute difference, -8.5% [95% CI, -17.8% to 0.8%]; P=0.076). The percentage of patients with new cerebral lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (edoxaban versus dual antiplatelet therapy, 25.0% versus 20.2%; difference, 4.8%; 95% CI, -6.4% to 16.0%) and median total new lesion number and volume were not different between the 2 groups. In addition, the percentages of patients with worsening of neurological and neurocognitive function were not different between the groups. The incidence of any or major bleeding events was not different between the 2 groups. We found no significant association between the presence or extent of leaflet thrombosis with new cerebral lesions and a change of neurological or neurocognitive function. CONCLUSIONS In patients without an indication for long-term anticoagulation after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement, the incidence of leaflet thrombosis was numerically lower with edoxaban than with dual antiplatelet therapy, but this was not statistically significant. The effects on new cerebral thromboembolism and neurological or neurocognitive function were also not different between the 2 groups. Because the study was underpowered, the results should be considered hypothesis generating, highlighting the need for further research. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov. Unique identifier: NCT03284827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ahn
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Yoon Kang
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Asan Image Metrics, Clinical Trial Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.W.K.)
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology (H.J.K., D.H.Y., S.C.J., J.-W.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology (H.J.K., D.H.Y., S.C.J., J.-W.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Chai Jung
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology (H.J.K., D.H.Y., S.C.J., J.-W.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungjun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (B.K.)
| | - Yiu Tung Anthony Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital (Y.T.A.W., C.C.S.L.)
| | - Cheung Chi Simon Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital (Y.T.A.W., C.C.S.L.)
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-H.Y., J.W., Y.-T.L.)
| | - Jeng Wei
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-H.Y., J.W., Y.-T.L.)
| | - Yung-Tsai Lee
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (W.-H.Y., J.W., Y.-T.L.)
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (H.-L.K., M.-S.L.)
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei (H.-L.K., M.-S.L.)
| | - Tsung-Yu Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Chu Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital (T.-Y.K.)
| | - Won-Jang Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea (W.-J.K., S.H.K.)
| | - Se Hun Kang
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea (W.-J.K., S.H.K.)
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Division of Biostatistics (S.-C.Y.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euihong Ko
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbit Park
- Division of Cardiology, GangNeung Asan Hospital (H.P.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Kim
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Won Kang
- Department of Radiology Research Institute of Radiology (H.J.K., D.H.Y., S.C.J., J.-W.K.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology (J.-H.L.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of Cardiology (D.-W.P., J.-M.A., D.-Y.K., S.-A.L., E.K., D.-H.K., S.-J.P.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Transcatheter Aortic Valve Leaflet Thrombosis: Prevalence, Management, and Future Directions. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:186. [PMID: 34762219 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the pathology, prevalence, diagnosis, hemodynamics, risk factors, prognosis, and treatment of leaflet thrombosis (LT), and suggest future directions in this field. RECENT FINDINGS The latest meta-analysis showed the prevalence of overall LT is 5.4% (clinical LT of 1.2% and subclinical LT of 15.1%). Either subclinical or clinical LT is not associated with risk of mortality; however, clinical LT is associated with increased risk of stroke. Although LT can be reduced by oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT), routine use of OAT as primary prevention for high-risk patients is not recommended due to increased risk of mortality. Four-dimensional computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis of LT and the accumulation of qualitative or qualitative assessments of hypoattenuated leaflet thickening would provide more clues to clarify effective OAT strategies. In addition, further studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of other anticoagulants in low-intermediate risk patients.
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Ko E, Park DW. Optimal Antithrombotic Strategy After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Is the "Less Is More" Concept Always Better? J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021241. [PMID: 33870701 PMCID: PMC8200736 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Euihong Ko
- Division of Cardiology Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Duk-Woo Park
- Division of Cardiology Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
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