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Kou M, Jiao Y, Li Z, Wei B, Li Y, Cai Y, Wei W. Real-world safety and effectiveness of pirfenidone and nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:1445-1460. [PMID: 38963453 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multiple randomized controlled studies have shown that pirfenidone and nintedanib are effective and safe for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate their efficacy, safety, and tolerability in a real-world setting. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for real-world studies published up to March 3, 2023, on pirfenidone and nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS A total of 74 studies with 23,119 participants were included. After 12 months of treatment, the change from baseline in percent predicted FVC (%FVC) was - 0.75% for pirfenidone and - 1.43% for nintedanib. The change from baseline in percent predicted DLCO (%DCLO) was - 2.32% for pirfenidone and - 3.95% for nintedanib. The incidence of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) was 12.5% for pirfenidone and 14.4% for nintedanib. The IPF-related mortality rates of pirfenidone and nintedanib were 13.4% and 7.2%, respectively. The all-cause mortality was 20.1% for pirfenidone and 16.6% for nintedanib. In the pirfenidone group, 16.6% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events, and in the nintedanib group, 16.2% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events. The incidence of adverse events was 56.4% and 69.7% for pirfenidone and nintedanib, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that pirfenidone and nintedanib are both effective in slowing down the decline of lung function in IPF patients in real-world settings. The incidence of adverse events with pirfenidone is lower than that with nintedanib, but both are below the clinical trial data, and no new major adverse events have been observed. The discontinuation rates due to adverse reactions of the two drugs are consistent with clinical trial data, indicating good tolerability. However, the mortality rates and AE-IPF incidence rates of these two drugs in real-world settings are higher than those in previous clinical trials, with pirfenidone patients showing a higher mortality rate. Further large-sample studies are needed to investigate the risks of these drugs in these aspects. Additionally, we recommend that future real-world studies pay more attention to patients' subjective symptoms and conduct stratified analyses of the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone and nintedanib based on factors such as patients' baseline lung function, comorbidities, and age, in order to provide more personalized medication advice for IPF patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Kou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Respiration, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaodong Cai
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Respiration, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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Romero Ortiz AD, Jiménez-Rodríguez BM, López-Ramírez C, López-Bauzá Á, Pérez-Morales M, Delgado-Torralbo JA, Villalba Moral C, Alcazar-Navarrete B. Antifibrotic treatment adherence, efficacy and outcomes for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Spain: a real-world evidence study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e001687. [PMID: 38663886 PMCID: PMC11043774 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare disorder associated with increased mortality and morbidity. There are currently two drugs approved for IPF but their safety and efficacy profile in real-world settings in Spain is not well understood. METHODS An observational, multicentre, prospective study was carried out among patients with IPF who started treatment with pirfenidone or nintedanib from 2015 to 2021. Data regarding clinical characteristics, drug adherence, safety profiles and clinical outcomes between these two drugs were collected. RESULTS 232 patients were included in the analysis. There were no meaningful differences between both groups at baseline. Patients who started pirfenidone showed a decreased risk for treatment withdrawal compared with those starting nintedanib (HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.94; p=0.002)). Time to first adverse event and all-cause mortality was similar between study groups. Risk factors for withdrawal were female sex, diarrhoea and photosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS in this real-world study, both pirfenidone and nintedanib showed similar efficacy profiles. Pirfenidone was associated with less treatment discontinuations due to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María Pérez-Morales
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain
| | | | | | - Bernardino Alcazar-Navarrete
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Puerta Cavanzo N, Riesmeijer SA, Holt-Kedde IL, Werker PMN, Piersma B, Olinga P, Bank RA. Verteporfin ameliorates fibrotic aspects of Dupuytren's disease nodular fibroblasts irrespective the activation state of the cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13940. [PMID: 35977978 PMCID: PMC9386017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren’s disease is a chronic, progressive fibroproliferative condition of the hand fascia which results in digital contraction. So far, treatments do not directly interfere with the (myo)fibroblasts that are responsible for the formation of the collagen-rich cords and its contraction. Here we investigated whether verteporfin (VP) is able to inhibit the activation and subsequent differentiation of DD nodular fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts were isolated from nodules of 7 Dupuytren patients. Cells are treated (1) for 48 h with 5 ng/ml transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) followed by 48 h with/without 250 nM VP in the absence of TGF-β1, or treated (2) for 48 h with TGF-β1 followed by 48 h with/without VP in the presence of TGF-β1. mRNA levels were measured by means of Real-Time PCR, and proteins were visualized by means of Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed with GraphPad Prism using the paired t-test. We found that fibroblasts activated for 48 h with TGF-β1 show a decrease in mRNA levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A1, PLOD2, FN1EDA, CCN2 and SERPINE1 when exposed for another 48 h with VP, whereas no decrease is seen for ACTA2, YAP1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 mRNA levels. Cells exposed for an additional 48 h with TGF-β1, but now in the presence of VP, are not further activated anymore, whereas in the absence of VP the cells continue to differentiate into myofibroblasts. Collagen type I, fibronectin-extra domain A, α-smooth muscle actin, YAP1, Smad2 and Smad3 protein levels were attenuated by both VP treatments. We conclude that VP has strong anti-fibrotic properties: it is able to halt the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and is also able to reverse the activation status of fibroblasts. The decreased protein levels of YAP1, Smad2 and Smad3 in the presence of VP explain in part the strong anti-fibrotic properties of VP. Verteporfin is clinically used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy to eliminate abnormal blood vessels in the eye to attenuate macular degeneration. The antifibrotic properties of VP do not rely on photo-activation, as we used the molecule in its non-photoinduced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Puerta Cavanzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie A Riesmeijer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris L Holt-Kedde
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M N Werker
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Piersma
- MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Delameillieure A, Wuyts WA, Pironet A, Dobbels F. Electronically monitored medication adherence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevalence, predictors and outcomes. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00030-2022. [PMID: 35923422 PMCID: PMC9339768 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00030-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Medication adherence studies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are limited, use cross-sectional designs and report discontinuation rates. We prospectively investigated adherence to pirfenidone in IPF patients using electronic monitoring, which provides insights on whether and when the medication was taken on a day-by-day basis. We investigated the impact of nonadherence on lung function and selected predictors for nonadherence based on the COM-B behavioural model. The longitudinal statistical analyses included generalised estimation equations and linear mixed effects models. 55 patients initiating pirfenidone were followed-up for 2 years after diagnosis (76.4% men, mean age 71.1 years (range 50–87 years), mean forced vital capacity (FVC) 88% predicted (sd 18.3), mean diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) 58.1% predicted (sd 14.7)). Our data showed an association (p=0.03) between the proportion of days with three pirfenidone intakes (i.e. dosing adherence) and FVC % predicted, whereby a high dosing adherence seemed necessary to maintain stable or improving FVC % predicted values. 58.2% of the participants were able to implement at least 90% correct dosing days, yet adherence significantly decreased over time. Too short dosing intervals had negative effects on lung function outcomes. Knowledge on IPF and self-reported adherence were significantly associated with electronically measured adherence. In conclusion, nonadherence is prevalent and might negatively affect lung function. Further research is needed on the impact of nonadherence on outcomes and its predictors, so that tailored interventions can be developed. Meanwhile, a self-report questionnaire could be used to identify adherence issues and teams should equip patients with knowledge about their treatment and how to take it. This study used electronic monitoring systems for the first time in IPF patients to assess taking and timing of pirfenidone. Medication nonadherence is a prevalent issue that increases over time and is associated with patients’ lung function outcomes.https://bit.ly/3wEFUlq
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Nwafor EO, Lu P, Zhang Y, Liu R, Peng H, Xing B, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Chlorogenic acid: Potential source of natural drugs for the therapeutics of fibrosis and cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101294. [PMID: 34861551 PMCID: PMC8640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and cancer is described by some epidemiological studies as chronic stages of different disease conditions typically characterized by uncontrolled accumulation of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), thereby leading to inflammation of tissues and organ (lungs, heart, liver and kidney) dysfunction. It is highly prevalent, and contributes to increased mortality rate worldwide. Currently, the therapeutical approaches involving selected medications (bemcentinib, pirfenidone and nintedanib) obtained synthetically, and used in clinical practices for fibrosis and cancer management and treatment has shown to be unsatisfactorily, especially during progressive stages of the disease. With regards to finding a more potent, effective, and promising curative for fibrosis and cancer, there is need for continuous experimental studies universally. However, phytochemical constituents’ particularly phenolic compounds [Chlorogenic acid (CGA)] obtained from coffee, and coffee beans have been predominantly utilized in experimental studies, due to its multiple pharmacological properties against various disease forms. Considering its natural source alongside minimal toxicity level, CGA, a major precursor of coffee have gained considerable attention nowadays from researchers worldwide, owing to its wide, efficacious and beneficial action against fibrosis and cancer. Interestingly, the safety of CGA has been proven. Furthermore, numerous experimental studies have also deduced massive remarkable outcomes in the use of CGA clinically, as a potential drug candidate against treatment of fibrosis and cancer. In the course of this review article, we systematically discussed the beneficial contributions of CGA with regards to its source, absorption, metabolism, mechanistic effects, and molecular mechanisms against different fibrosis and cancer categorization, which might be a prospective remedy in the future. Moreover, we also highlighted CGA (in vitro and in vivo analytical studies) defensive effects against various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebuka-Olisaemeka Nwafor
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kuibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Tuanbo New Town West District, Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Mechanism of Fei-Xian Formula in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis on the Basis of Network Pharmacology Analysis Combined with Molecular Docking Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6658395. [PMID: 34394391 PMCID: PMC8357467 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6658395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of Fei-Xian formula (FXF) in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology analysis combined with molecular docking validation. Methods Firstly, ingredients in FXF with pharmacological activities, together with specific targets, were identified based on the BATMA-TCM and TCMSP databases. Then, targets associated with pulmonary fibrosis, which included pathogenic targets as well as those known therapeutic targets, were screened against the CTD, TTD, GeneCards, and DisGeNet databases. Later, Cytoscape was employed to construct a candidate component-target network of FXF for treating pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, for nodes within the as-constructed network, topological parameters were calculated using CytoHubba plug-in, and the degree value (twice as high as the median degree value for all the nodes) was adopted to select core components as well as core targets of FXF for treating pulmonary fibrosis, which were subsequently utilized for constructing the core network. Furthermore, molecular docking study was carried out on those core active ingredients together with the core targets using AutoDock Vina for verifying results of network pharmacology analysis. At last, OmicShare was employed for enrichment analysis of the core targets. Results Altogether 12 active ingredients along with 13 core targets were identified from our constructed core component-target network of FXF for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. As revealed by enrichment analysis, the 13 core targets mostly concentrated in regulating biological functions, like response to external stimulus (from oxidative stress, radiation, UV, chemical substances, and virus infection), apoptosis, cell cycle, aging, immune process, and protein metabolism. In addition, several pathways, like IL-17, AGE-RAGE, TNF, HIF-1, PI3K-AKT, NOD-like receptor, T/B cell receptor, and virus infection-related pathways, exerted vital parts in FXF in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions FXF can treat pulmonary fibrosis through a “multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway” mean. Findings in this work lay foundation for further exploration of the FXF mechanism in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Jowett GM, Norman MDA, Yu TTL, Rosell Arévalo P, Hoogland D, Lust ST, Read E, Hamrud E, Walters NJ, Niazi U, Chung MWH, Marciano D, Omer OS, Zabinski T, Danovi D, Lord GM, Hilborn J, Evans ND, Dreiss CA, Bozec L, Oommen OP, Lorenz CD, da Silva RMP, Neves JF, Gentleman E. ILC1 drive intestinal epithelial and matrix remodelling. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:250-259. [PMID: 32895507 PMCID: PMC7611574 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Organoids can shed light on the dynamic interplay between complex tissues and rare cell types within a controlled microenvironment. Here, we develop gut organoid cocultures with type-1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) to dissect the impact of their accumulation in inflamed intestines. We demonstrate that murine and human ILC1 secrete transforming growth factor β1, driving expansion of CD44v6+ epithelial crypts. ILC1 additionally express MMP9 and drive gene signatures indicative of extracellular matrix remodelling. We therefore encapsulated human epithelial-mesenchymal intestinal organoids in MMP-sensitive, synthetic hydrogels designed to form efficient networks at low polymer concentrations. Harnessing this defined system, we demonstrate that ILC1 drive matrix softening and stiffening, which we suggest occurs through balanced matrix degradation and deposition. Our platform enabled us to elucidate previously undescribed interactions between ILC1 and their microenvironment, which suggest that they may exacerbate fibrosis and tumour growth when enriched in inflamed patient tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M Jowett
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, London, UK
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael D A Norman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tracy T L Yu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Suzette T Lust
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Read
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, London, UK
| | - Eva Hamrud
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, London, UK
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick J Walters
- BioMediTech, Tampere University Tampere Finland, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Umar Niazi
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Translational Bioinformatics Platform, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew Wai Heng Chung
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD Programme, London, UK
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Marciano
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Omer S Omer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tomasz Zabinski
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jöns Hilborn
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas D Evans
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cécile A Dreiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oommen P Oommen
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ricardo M P da Silva
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana F Neves
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
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