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Hussain SF, Raza Z, Cash ATG, Zampieri T, Mazzoli RA, Kardon RH, Gomes RSM. Traumatic brain injury and sight loss in military and veteran populations- a review. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:42. [PMID: 34315537 PMCID: PMC8317328 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
War and combat exposure pose great risks to the vision system. More recently, vision related deficiencies and impairments have become common with the increased use of powerful explosive devices and the subsequent rise in incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies have looked at the effects of injury severity, aetiology of injury and the stage at which visual problems become apparent. There was little discrepancy found between the frequencies or types of visual dysfunctions across blast and non-blast related groups, however complete sight loss appeared to occur only in those who had a blast-related injury. Generally, the more severe the injury, the greater the likelihood of specific visual disturbances occurring, and a study found total sight loss to only occur in cases with greater severity. Diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) is challenging. Being able to identify a potential TBI via visual symptoms may offer a new avenue for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda F. Hussain
- Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
- Bravo Victor, Research, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
| | - Zara Raza
- Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
- Bravo Victor, Research, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
| | - Andrew T. G. Cash
- Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
- Bravo Victor, Research, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
| | - Thomas Zampieri
- Blinded Veterans Association, 1101 King Street, Suite 300, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 USA
| | - Robert A. Mazzoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, Washington, 98431 USA
| | - Randy H. Kardon
- Iowa City VA Health Care System and Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa 52246 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 USA
| | - Renata S. M. Gomes
- Research & Innovation, Blind Veterans UK, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
- Bravo Victor, Research, 12-14 Harcourt Street, London, W1H 4HD UK
- Northern Hub for Veterans and Military Families Research, Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE7 7XA UK
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