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Dib N, Ben Ali W, Ducruet T, Trudeau O, Bernier PL, Poirier N, Khairy P. The Ross Procedure in Children and Infants: A Systematic Review With Pooled Analyses. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2024; 3:117-124. [PMID: 39070957 PMCID: PMC11282879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background The Ross procedure is a surgical option for congenital aortic stenosis that involves replacing the diseased aortic valve with a pulmonary autograft. Little is known about outcomes in children, particularly those younger than 1 year. Methods A systematic review with pooled analyses was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Inferred individual patient data were extracted from life tables. The primary end points were early (≤30 days) and late (>30 days) mortality rates following the Ross procedure in children. Secondary end points were freedom from reintervention for the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary autograft. These end points were assessed in the overall population of children. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups younger than 1 year of age (infants) and in noninfant children. Results A total of 25 studies on 2737 patients met inclusion criteria. The pooled early survival rate was 96.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 95.1%-96.8%) overall and 86.8% (95% CI: 82.1%-90.3%) among infants. Pooled overall 10-year survival, freedom from pulmonary autograft reintervention, and freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reintervention rates were 91.1%, 90.2%, and 79.7%, respectively. Corresponding pooled rates in infants were 79.3%, 87.1%, and 51.2%. Mortality was significantly higher among infants compared with noninfant children (hazard ratio: 3.38, 95% CI: 2.44-4.68; P < 0.001). In metaregression analyses, younger age was strongly associated with poorer survival and higher reintervention rates. Conclusions Modest survival and autograft reoperation rates were observed following the Ross procedure in children. Surgery in infancy was strongly associated with poorer survival and higher reintervention rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Dib
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Walid Ben Ali
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thierry Ducruet
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Appliquée, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ofélie Trudeau
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Appliquée, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Bernier
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nancy Poirier
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Khairy
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Notenboom ML, Schuermans A, Etnel JRG, Veen KM, van de Woestijne PC, Rega FR, Helbing WA, Bogers AJJC, Takkenberg JJM. Paediatric aortic valve replacement: a meta-analysis and microsimulation study. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3231-3246. [PMID: 37366156 PMCID: PMC10482570 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To support decision-making in children undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR), by providing a comprehensive overview of published outcomes after paediatric AVR, and microsimulation-based age-specific estimates of outcome with different valve substitutes. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic review of published literature reporting clinical outcome after paediatric AVR (mean age <18 years) published between 1/1/1990 and 11/08/2021 was conducted. Publications reporting outcome after paediatric Ross procedure, mechanical AVR (mAVR), homograft AVR (hAVR), and/or bioprosthetic AVR were considered for inclusion. Early risks (<30d), late event rates (>30d) and time-to-event data were pooled and entered into a microsimulation model. Sixty-eight studies, of which one prospective and 67 retrospective cohort studies, were included, encompassing a total of 5259 patients (37 435 patient-years; median follow-up: 5.9 years; range 1-21 years). Pooled mean age for the Ross procedure, mAVR, and hAVR was 9.2 ± 5.6, 13.0 ± 3.4, and 8.4 ± 5.4 years, respectively. Pooled early mortality for the Ross procedure, mAVR, and hAVR was 3.7% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.7%), 7.0% (5.1%-9.6%), and 10.6% (6.6%-17.0%), respectively, and late mortality rate was 0.5%/year (0.4%-0.7%/year), 1.0%/year (0.6%-1.5%/year), and 1.4%/year (0.8%-2.5%/year), respectively. Microsimulation-based mean life-expectancy in the first 20 years was 18.9 years (18.6-19.1 years) after Ross (relative life-expectancy: 94.8%) and 17.0 years (16.5-17.6 years) after mAVR (relative life-expectancy: 86.3%). Microsimulation-based 20-year risk of aortic valve reintervention was 42.0% (95% CI: 39.6%-44.6%) after Ross and 17.8% (95% CI: 17.0%-19.4%) after mAVR. CONCLUSION Results of paediatric AVR are currently suboptimal with substantial mortality especially in the very young with considerable reintervention hazards for all valve substitutes, but the Ross procedure provides a survival benefit over mAVR. Pros and cons of substitutes should be carefully weighed during paediatric valve selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliaan L Notenboom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Art Schuermans
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, 4th floor, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Merkin Building, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R G Etnel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin M Veen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C van de Woestijne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Filip R Rega
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Leuven Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Willem A Helbing
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna J M Takkenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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Chau P, Uzark KC, Goldberg CS, Donohue JE, Schumacher KR. Quality of life after Ross procedure in children. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1322-1326. [PMID: 35730314 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-related quality of life in children who have undergone the Ross procedure has not been well characterised. The aim of this study was to characterise health-related quality of life in this cohort and compare to children with other CHD. METHOD In this cross sectional, single-centre study, health-related quality of life was assessed in patients who underwent a non-neonatal Ross procedure using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Ross cohort scores were compared with healthy norms, patients with CHD requiring no surgical intervention or had curative surgery (Severity 2, S2) and patients who were surgically repaired with ≥1 surgical procedure and with significant residual lesion or need for additional surgery (Severity 3, S3). Associations between Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory score and patient factors were also examined. RESULTS 68 patients completed surveys. Nearly one-sixth of patients had overall scores below the cut-off for at-risk status for impaired health-related quality of life. There was no difference in overall health-related quality of life score between the Ross cohort and healthy children (p = 0.56) and S2 cohort (p = 0.97). Health-related quality of life was significantly higher in the Ross cohort compared to S3 cohort (p = 0.02). This difference was driven by a higher psychosocial health-related quality of life in the Ross cohort as compared to S3 cohort (p = 0.007). Anxiety scores were significantly worse in the Ross cohort compared to both S2 (p = 0.001) and S3 (p = 0.0017), respectively. CONCLUSION Children who have undergone a Ross procedure report health-related quality of life equivalent to CHD not requiring therapy and superior to CHD with residual lesions. Despite these reassuring results, providers should be aware of potential anxiety among Ross patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chau
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen C Uzark
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caren S Goldberg
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janet E Donohue
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt R Schumacher
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Dib N, Iriart X, Belaroussi Y, Albadi W, Tafer N, Thambo JB, Khairy P, Roubertie F. The Ross Operation in Young Patients: A 15-Year Experience Focused on Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Outcomes. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023; 2:86-92. [PMID: 37970525 PMCID: PMC10642144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Data on long-term outcomes of the Ross operation in children and young adult patients are limited. The best pulmonary valve substitute for the right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in the Ross operation in young patients using various pulmonary valve substitutes at a single institution. In addition, a comparison of reintervention rates between patients younger than 18 years and those older than 18 years was performed. Methods The study assessed all patients (N = 110) who underwent the Ross operation at the University Hospital of Bordeaux, France, between 2004 and 2020. Results The median follow-up time was 4.2 years, and the median age at operation was 15.9 years. There was no operative mortality and 1 late noncardiac death (0.8%). The overall survival rate at 10 years was 99.2%. The need for right ventricular outflow tract reoperation was lower with the pulmonary homograft compared with the Contegra conduit and Freestyle bioprosthesis: 94.3%, 93.8%, and 80% at 5 years, respectively, and 94.3%, 72.3%, and 34.3% at 10 years, respectively (P = 0.011). The probability of reintervention was not significantly different at 10 years among children vs adults (P = 0.22). Conclusions The Ross procedure in children and young adults was associated with a lower requirement for right ventricular outflow tract reoperation when pulmonary homografts were used instead of xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Dib
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yaniss Belaroussi
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Waleed Albadi
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadir Tafer
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Anesthesiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Thambo
- Department of Congenital Cardiology, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Khairy
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Roubertie
- Department of Congenital Cardiac surgery, Bordeaux Heart University Hospital, University of Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
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Wu DM, Zhu MZL, Buratto E, Brizard CP, Konstantinov IE. Aortic valve surgery in children with infective endocarditis. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023:S1043-0679(23)00038-2. [PMID: 36898419 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
There is limited data on the outcomes of children who undergo surgery for aortic valve infective endocarditis (IE), and the optimal surgical approach remains controversial. We investigated the long-term outcomes of surgery for aortic valve IE in children, with a particular focus on the Ross procedure. A retrospective review of all children who underwent surgery for aortic valve IE was performed at a single institution. Between 1989 and 2020, 41 children underwent surgery for aortic valve IE, of whom 16 (39.0%) underwent valve repair, 13 (31.7%) underwent the Ross procedure, 9 (21.9%) underwent a homograft root replacement, and 3 (7.3%) underwent a mechanical valve replacement. Median age was 10.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 5.4-14.1). The majority of children (82.9%, 34/41) had underlying congenital heart disease, while 39.0% (16/41) had previous heart surgery. Operative mortality was 0.0% (0/16) for repair, 15.4% (2/13) for the Ross procedure, 33.3% (3/9) for homograft root replacement, and 33.3% (1/3) for mechanical replacement. Survival at 10 years was 87.5% for repair, 74.1% for Ross, and 66.7% for homograft (p>0.05). Freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 30.8% for repair, 63.0% for Ross, and 26.3% for homograft (p=0.15 for Ross vs. repair, p=0.002 for Ross vs. homograft). Children undergoing surgery for aortic valve IE have acceptable long-term survival, although the need for long-term reintervention is significant. The Ross procedure appears to be the optimal choice when repair is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien M Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Z L Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edward Buratto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian P Brizard
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, Melbourne, Australia.
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Cleveland JD, Bansal N, Wells WJ, Wiggins LM, Kumar SR, Starnes VA. Ross procedure in neonates and infants: A valuable operation with defined limits. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:262-272.e3. [PMID: 35599209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Ross procedure is an important tool that offers autologous tissue repair for severe left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pathology. Previous reports show that risk of mortality is highest among neonates and infants. We analyzed our institutional experience within this patient cohort to identify factors that most affect clinical outcome. METHODS A retrospective chart review identified all Ross operations in neonates and infants at our institution over 27 years. The entire study population was analyzed to determine risk factors for mortality and define outcomes for survival and reintervention. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients underwent a Ross operation at a median age of 63 (range, 9-156) days. Eighteen (31%) were neonates. Eleven (19%) patients died before hospital discharge. Multiple regression analysis of the entire cohort identified young age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.037; P = .0045), Shone complex (HR, 17.637; P = .009), and interrupted aortic arch with ventricular septal defect (HR, 16.01; P = .031) as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve, 0.752) indicated age younger than 84 days to be the inflection point at which mortality risk increases. Of the 47 survivors, there were 2 late deaths with a mean follow-up of 6.7 (range, 2.1-13.1) years. Three patients (6%) required LVOT reintervention at 3, 8, and 17.5 years, respectively, and 26 (55%) underwent right ventricular outflow tract reintervention at a median of 6 (range, 2.5-10.3) years. CONCLUSIONS Ross procedure is effective in children less than one year of age with left sided obstructive disease isolated to the aortic valve and/or aortic arch. Patients less than 3 months of age with Shone or IAA/VSD are at higher risk for morbidity and mortality. Survivors experience excellent intermediate-term freedom from LVOT reintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Cleveland
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | - Neeraj Bansal
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Winfield J Wells
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Luke M Wiggins
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vaughn A Starnes
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
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Tohme S, Jiang S, Farooqi K, Crystal MA, Blitzer D, Ferrari G, Bacha E, Kalfa D. Ross Procedure in Neonate and Infant Populations: A Meta-Analysis Review. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2022; 13:759-769. [DOI: 10.1177/21501351221119494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to perform a meta-analysis of early and late outcomes of the Ross/Ross-Konno procedures in neonates/infants. Methods A meta-analysis was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We used Ovid versions of MEDLINE/PubMed for relevant studies and included those that reported Ross/Ross-Konno operations in neonates/infants and at least one of the predetermined clinical outcomes. I2 and double arcsine methods assessed the heterogeneity between pooled estimates. We used a random-effect model to account for heterogeneity with MetaXL. We calculated point estimates of a pooled estimates along with its 95% CI. Results 587 neonate/infant patients were included with median age of 87.5 days old. The follow-up range was five days to 23 years. Early mortality reported in 25 studies with pooled estimates of 18.3% (95% CI: 13.6%-23.5%). Estimates ranged from 0% to 50% with relatively substantial heterogeneity ( P = .01, I2 = 48.6%). Late mortality reported in 22 studies with pooled incidence of 9.7% (95% CI: 5.9%-14.3%). Estimates ranged from 0% to 53% with relatively substantial heterogeneity ( P = .01, I2 = 46.1%). Autograft reintervention reported in 18 studies with pooled estimate of 19.2% (95% CI: 7.3%-34.5%). Estimates ranged from 0% to 81.8% with high heterogeneity ( P < .001, I2 = 90.5%). Right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit reintervention reported in 16 studies with pooled estimates of 32.0% (95% CI: 20.9%-44.12%). Estimates ranged from 0% to 92.3% with high heterogeneity ( P < .001, I2 = 75.9%). Conclusions The data suggest that the Ross/Ross-Konno procedure in neonates/infants still carries significant risk of early/late mortality and autograft/conduit reintervention. The high variability of results among centers confirms the need for surgical expertise and good patient selection. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to investigate the rate of autograft reintervention and the impact on long-term survival in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Tohme
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shangqing Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kanwal Farooqi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Crystal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Blitzer
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Ferrari
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emile Bacha
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kalfa
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wang X, Bakhuis W, Veen KM, Bogers AJJC, Etnel JRG, van Der Ven CCEM, Roos-Hesselink JW, Andrinopoulou ER, Takkenberg JJM. Outcomes after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with valve substitutes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:897946. [PMID: 36158811 PMCID: PMC9489846 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.897946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to provide an overview of outcomes after right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction using different valve substitutes in different age groups for different indications. Methods The literature was systematically searched for articles published between January 2000 and June 2021 reporting on clinical and/or echocardiographic outcomes after RVOT reconstruction with valve substitutes. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes, and time-related outcomes were visualized by pooled Kaplan–Meier curves. Subgroup analyses were performed according to etiology, implanted valve substitute and patient age. Results Two hundred and seventeen articles were included, comprising 37,078 patients (age: 22.86 ± 11.29 years; 31.6% female) and 240,581 patient-years of follow-up. Aortic valve disease (Ross procedure, 46.6%) and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF, 27.0%) were the two main underlying etiologies. Homograft and xenograft accounted for 83.7 and 32.6% of the overall valve substitutes, respectively. The early mortality, late mortality, reintervention and endocarditis rates were 3.36% (2.91–3.88), 0.72%/y (95% CI: 0.62–0.82), 2.62%/y (95% CI: 2.28–3.00), and 0.38%/y (95%CI: 0.31–0.47) for all patients. The early mortality for TOF and truncus arteriosus (TA) were 1.95% (1.31–2.90) and 10.67% (7.79–14.61). Pooled late mortality and reintervention rate were 0.59%/y (0.39–0.89), 1.41%/y (0.87–2.27), and 1.20%/y (0.74–1.94), 10.15%/y (7.42–13.90) for TOF and TA, respectively. Endocarditis rate was 0.21%/y (95% CI: 0.16–0.27) for a homograft substitute and 0.80%/y (95%CI: 0.60–1.09) for a xenograft substitute. Reintervention rate for infants, children and adults was 8.80%/y (95% CI: 6.49–11.95), 4.75%/y (95% CI: 3.67–6.14), and 0.72%/y (95% CI: 0.36–1.42), respectively. Conclusion This study shows RVOT reconstruction with valve substitutes can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates for most patients. Reinterventions after RVOT reconstruction with valve substitutes are inevitable for most patients in their life-time, emphasizing the necessity of life-long follow-up and multidisciplinary care. Follow-up protocols should be tailored to individual patients because patients with different etiologies, ages, and implanted valve substitutes have different rates of mortality and morbidity. Systematic review registration [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42021271622].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Bakhuis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kevin M. Veen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ad J. J. C. Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R. G. Etnel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn C. E. M. van Der Ven
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna J. M. Takkenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Johanna J. M. Takkenberg,
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Yuan H, Lu T, Wu Z, Yang Y, Chen J, Wu Q, Wu S, Zhang H, Qian T, Huang C. Decellularized bovine jugular vein and hand-sewn ePTFE valved conduit for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in children undergoing Ross procedure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:956301. [PMID: 36158834 PMCID: PMC9489926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.956301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Ross procedure is recommended as an optimal aortic valve replacement (AVR) in children and young adults due to several advantages. Nevertheless, multiple reconstructions of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with new valve conduits have caused some concern regarding the durability of the Ross AVR. Decellularized bovine jugular vein conduit (BJVC) (DP-BJVC) and hand-sewn expanded polytetrafluoroethylene valved conduits (ePTFE VC) are widely employed to reconstruct the RVOT with satisfactory long-term outcomes. However, few studies have compared the safety and efficacy between the two valve conduits. We aimed to evaluate the early outcomes and report our single center experience in the application of these conduits.MethodsTwenty-two pediatric patients (aged < 18 years) who underwent Ross procedures with DP-BJVC and ePTFE VC in our center between 1 June, 2017 and 31 January, 2022 were enrolled. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate survival, freedom from RVOT reintervention, and freedom from RVOT graft dysfunction. Mixed-effects analysis with the Geisser–Greenhouse correction and Sidak's multiple comparisons test for post-hoc analysis was employed to compare the peak gradient across the conduit at varying follow-ups.ResultsAll patients were followed up in full. The total early survival rate was 90.9%; two patients in the DP-BJVC group died. There was no significant difference in early mortality, cross-clamp time (p = 0.212), in-hospital stay (p = 0.469), and RVOT graft thrombosis or endocarditis between the two groups. There was similarly no significant difference between Kaplan–Meier freedom from RVOT graft dysfunction curve (P = 0.131). The transprosthetic gradient gradually increased over time in both groups and was significantly higher in the DP-BJVC group at follow-up (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBoth conduits show excellent early and midterm outcomes for RVOT reconstruction in the Ross procedure. We suggest that DP-BJVC is more suitable for infants, and ePTFE conduit is more suitable for older children who require larger conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Can Huang
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Hobbs RD, Schultz ML, Loney ML, Verma S, Xiong J, Ohye RG, Bove E, Si MS. Valve-Sparing Root Replacement After the Ross Procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 165:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hassler KR, Dearani JA, Stephens EH, Pochettino A, Ramakrishna H. The Ross Procedure: Analysis of Recent Outcomes Data. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:3365-3369. [PMID: 34895964 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Harish Ramakrishna
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Qian T, Yuan H, Chen C, Liu Y, Lu T, Huang C, Wu Z. Conduits for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction in Infants and Young Children. Front Surg 2021; 8:719840. [PMID: 34631780 PMCID: PMC8492946 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.719840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review: Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction remains a challenge due to the lack of an ideal conduit. Data and experience are accumulating with each passing day. Therefore, it is necessary to review this topic from time to time. This is a 2021 update review focused on the history, evolution, and current situation of small-sized conduits (≤ 16 mm) for RVOT reconstruction in infants and young children. Recent Findings: Currently, the available small-sized (≤16 mm) conduits can meet most clinical needs. Homograft is still a reliable choice for infants and young children validated by a half-century clinical experience. As an alternative material, bovine jugular vein conduit (BJVC) has at least comparable durability with that of homograft. The performance of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is amazing in RVOT position according to limited published data. The past century has witnessed much progress in the materials for RVOT reconstruction. However, lack of growth potential is the dilemma for small-sized conduits. Tissue-engineering based on cell-free scaffolds is the most promising technology to obtain the ideal conduit. Summary: No conduit has proved to have lifelong durability in RVOT position. We are far from the ideal, but we are not in a state of emergency. In-depth clinical research as well as innovation in material science are needed to help improve the durability of the conduits used in infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Can Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Hunan Province for Cardiovascular Biomaterials, Changsha, China
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Desai M, Ma M, Yerebakan C. Commentary: Ross procedure in neonates and infants: Withstanding the litmus test of time. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:377-378. [PMID: 34756622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manan Desai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Michael Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Can Yerebakan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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Luxford JC, Ayer JG, Betts K, Salve GG, Orr Y, Chard RB, Roberts P, Sholler GF, Winlaw DS. The Ross/Ross-Konno procedure in infancy is a safe and durable solution for aortic stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:365-375. [PMID: 34600763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize early and midterm outcomes after the Ross/Ross-Konno procedure performed in infancy for severe aortic valve disease. METHODS Between January 1995 and December 2018, 35 infants younger than 1 year (13 neonates) underwent a Ross/Ross-Konno procedure. Patients were followed up to a median of 4.1 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.6-9.5). Primary outcome measures were survival, early morbidity, freedom from reintervention and long-term functional and echocardiographic status. RESULTS Median age at operation was 49 days (IQR, 17-135) and weight was 4 kg (IQR, 3.4-5.2). Thirty-one (89%) had undergone a previous procedure, including balloon valvuloplasty in 26 (74%). Thirty (86%) required annular enlargement (Konno incision). Five required concomitant aortic arch surgery (2 neonates, 3 infants). There were no early deaths, and 1 late death at 18 months. Freedom from reoperation was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68%-93%) at 1 year, 76% (95% CI, 54%-88%) at 5 years, and 62% (95% CI, 36%-79%) at 10 years. One modified Konno was performed at 5 years after a Ross in infancy. Ten right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits have required reintervention (2 percutaneous pulmonary valve implantations). One child required a permanent pacemaker for complete heart block. At latest follow-up, 32 (94%) of 34 survivors were asymptomatic. There was no significant change in neoaortic Z-scores between 6 weeks and latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The neonatal and infant Ross/Ross-Konno procedure can be performed with low mortality and achieves a stable left ventricular outflow tract. Significant early morbidity reflects the preoperative condition of the patients but definitive surgery of this type can be considered as a primary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Luxford
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Julian G Ayer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kim Betts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Gananjay G Salve
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yishay Orr
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard B Chard
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Roberts
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary F Sholler
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S Winlaw
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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15
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Moroi MK, Bacha EA, Kalfa DM. The Ross procedure in children: a systematic review. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 10:420-432. [PMID: 34422554 DOI: 10.21037/acs-2020-rp-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The Ross procedure involves autograft transplantation of the native pulmonary valve into the aortic position and reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with a homograft. The operation offers the advantages of a native valve with excellent hemodynamic performance, the avoidance of anticoagulation, and growth potential. Conversely, the operation is technically demanding and imposes the risk of turning single-valve disease into double-valve disease. This systematic review reports outcomes of pediatric patients undergoing the Ross procedure. Methods An electronic search identified studies reporting outcomes on pediatric patients (mean age <18 years, max age <21 years) undergoing the Ross procedure. Long-term outcomes, including early mortality, late mortality, sudden unexpected unexplained death, reoperation due to failure of the pulmonary autograft or RVOT reconstruction, thromboembolic events, bleeding events, and endocarditis-related complications, were evaluated. Results Upon review of 2,035 publications, 30 studies and 3,156 pediatric patients were included. Patients had a median age of 9.5 years and median follow-up period of 5.7 years. Early mortality rates varied from 0.0 to 17.0% and were increased in the neonatal population. Late mortality rates were much lower (0.04-1.83%/year). Reoperation due to pulmonary autograft failure occurred at rates of 0.37-2.81%/year and reoperation due to RVOT reconstruction failure was required at rates of 0.34-4.76%/year. Thromboembolic, bleeding, and endocarditis events were reported to occur at rates of 0.00-0.58, 0.00-0.39, and 0.00-1.68%/year, respectively. Conclusions The Ross operation offers a durable aortic valve replacement (AVR) option in the pediatric population that offers favorable survival, excellent hemodynamics, growth potential, decreased risk of complications, and avoidance of anticoagulation. Larger multi-institutional registries focusing on pediatric patients are necessary to provide more robust evidence to further support use of the Ross procedure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Moroi
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emile A Bacha
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Kalfa
- Section of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Nakayama Y, Shinkawa T, Matsumura G, Hoki R, Kobayashi K, Yoshida H, Yamagishi M, Niinami H. Outcome of Pulmonary Autograft After the Ross Procedure. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2021; 12:508-515. [PMID: 34278861 DOI: 10.1177/21501351211007802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess autograft function after the Ross procedure and to review surgical outcomes associated with autograft reoperations. METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients undergoing the Ross procedure since 1993. Autograft function and autograft reoperation were studied. Autograft failure was defined as more than moderate autograft regurgitation or autograft dilatation to more than 50 mm diameter or z-score of more than +4 in children. One hospital death was excluded from analysis as were patients with unknown late autograft status. RESULTS Among 75 patients analyzed, preoperative diagnosis before the Ross procedure included aortic regurgitation in 26, aortic stenosis in 19, combined lesions in 28, and 2 mechanical valve malfunctions. Median age at the Ross procedure was 12.1 (0.4-43.6) years with 44 children less than 15 years old. Six patients had greater than mild autograft regurgitation at post-Ross hospital discharge. During median follow-up of 14.9 years, there were 23 autograft failures. Eighteen autograft reoperations were performed on 17 patients (13 children), including 12 aortic valve replacements, 5 aortic root replacements (including 1 valve-sparing root replacement), and 1 Konno procedure. Freedom from autograft failure and autograft reoperation at 20 years after the Ross procedure was 52.0% and 66.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified greater than mild autograft regurgitation at hospital discharge from Ross procedure as a risk factor for autograft failure (P < .01). All patients who underwent autograft reoperation survived and had good health status at a median of 6.9 years after the reoperation. CONCLUSIONS The Ross procedure is effective in delaying prosthetic aortic valve replacement, although the time-related risk of autograft failure is a real consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shinkawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goki Matsumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryogo Hoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Heart Institute of Japan, 13131Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Polito A, Albanese SB, Cetrano E, Cicenia M, Rinelli G, Carotti A. Aortic valve neocuspidalization in paediatric patients with isolated aortic valve disease: early experience. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 32:111-117. [PMID: 33221849 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing interest in the aortic valve (AV) neocuspidalization technique for the treatment of aortic valve disease (AVD). We report our medium-term results with this procedure performed in a paediatric patient population. METHODS Between July 2016 and May 2020, 22 patients with both congenital and acquired isolated AVD were treated with neocuspidalization. The primary outcome was progression of the preoperatively assessed AVD in the immediate postoperative course and at follow-up. Secondary outcome was freedom from reintervention by material used. Potential predictors of failure were analysed in relation to the primary outcome. RESULTS The median age at operation was 13.9 (interquartile range, 9.8-16.2) years, and the prevailing AV defect was stenosis in 10 cases (45%) and incompetence in 12 (55%). Pre-treated autologous pericardium was used in 13 patients whereas bovine pericardium in 9. Effective treatment of AV stenosis or regurgitation was achieved and remained stable over a median follow-up of 11.3 (4.7-21) months. Three patients required AV replacement at 4.9, 3.5 and 33 months. At follow-up, an upward trend of both median indexed vena contracta jet widths and aortic peak and mean gradients were recorded, the latter associated with a failure to grow the aortic annulus. Predictor of such outcome turned out to be the use of bovine pericardium. A significant inverse linear correlation between AV peak gradient at follow-up and preoperative aortic annular size (P = 0.008) was also demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The Ozaki procedure is safe and effective in paediatric patients with AV disease. The use of heterologous pericardium should probably be minimized. Moreover, preoperative small aortic annuli should probably be promptly treated by means of an associated ring enlargement procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Polito
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia B Albanese
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cetrano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Cicenia
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rinelli
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Carotti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
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Schlein J, Ebner BE, Geiger R, Simon P, Wollenek G, Moritz A, Gamillscheg A, Base E, Laufer G, Zimpfer D. Long-term outcomes after the paediatric Ross and Ross-Konno procedures. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021; 33:455-461. [PMID: 34128047 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Ross procedure is an attractive option for the management of aortic valve disease in paediatric patients. We reviewed our experience with the paediatric Ross procedure to determine survival and freedom from reoperation in the third decade after surgery. METHODS We reviewed the data of 124 paediatric patients [71% male, median age at time of surgery 11.1 years (interquartile range 6-14.8 years); 63.7% bicuspid aortic valve], who underwent the Ross procedure at 2 tertiary centres from April 1991 to April 2020. The Ross-Konno procedures were performed on 14 (11.3%) patients. Deaths were cross-checked with the national health insurance database, and survival status was available for 96.8% of the patients. The median follow-up time was 12.1 years (interquartile range 3-18 years). RESULTS There were 3 early and 6 late deaths. All early deaths occurred in patients aged <1 year at the time of surgery. The 25-year survival was 90.3%. Actuarial freedom from reoperation (linearized rates in parentheses) was as follows: Autograft reoperation was 90.8% (0.48%/patient-year) and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reoperation was 67% (2.07%/patient year) at 25 years. The univariable Cox-proportional hazard analysis revealed younger age at time of surgery (P < 0.001), smaller implanted valve size (P < 0.001) and the use of a xenograft rather than a homograft (P < 0.001) as predictors of RVOT reoperation. At multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analysis, only age was an independent risk factor for RVOT reoperation (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The Ross and the Ross-Konno procedures are associated with good outcomes in paediatric patients. Reoperation of the RVOT is frequent and associated with younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schlein
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Elisabeth Ebner
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics III, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Allergology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Department of Pediatrics III, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Simon
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Wollenek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Moritz
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Gamillscheg
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Base
- Division of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Zimpfer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Secinaro A, Milano EG, Ciancarella P, Trezzi M, Capelli C, Ciliberti P, Cetrano E, Curione D, Santangelo TP, Napolitano C, Albanese SB, Carotti A. Blood flow characteristics after aortic valve neocuspidization in paediatric patients: a comparison with the Ross procedure. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:275-282. [PMID: 33550364 PMCID: PMC8787994 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aortic valve (AV) neocuspidization (Ozaki procedure) is a novel surgical technique for AV disease that preserves the natural motion and cardiodynamics of the aortic root. In this study, we sought to evaluate, by 4D-flow magnetic resonance imaging, the aortic blood flow characteristics after AV neocuspidization in paediatric patients. Methods and results Aortic root and ascending aorta haemodynamics were evaluated in a population of patients treated with the Ozaki procedure; results were compared with those of a group of patients operated with the Ross technique. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies were performed at 1.5 T using a 4D flow-sensitive sequence acquired with retrospective electrocardiogram-gating and respiratory navigator. Post-processing of 4D-flow analysis was performed to calculate flow eccentricity and wall shear stress. Twenty children were included in this study, 10 after Ozaki and 10 after Ross procedure. Median age at surgery was 10.7 years (range 3.9–16.5 years). No significant differences were observed in wall shear stress values measured at the level of the proximal ascending aorta between the two groups. The analysis of flow patterns showed no clear association between eccentric flow and the procedure performed. The Ozaki group showed just a slightly increased transvalvular maximum velocity. Conclusion Proximal aorta flow dynamics of children treated with the Ozaki and the Ross procedure are comparable. Similarly to the Ross, Ozaki technique restores a physiological laminar flow pattern in the short-term follow-up, with the advantage of not inducing a bivalvular disease, although further studies are warranted to evaluate its long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Giulia Milano
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Department of Cardiology, London, UK
| | - Paolo Ciancarella
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Trezzi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Capelli
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Paolo Ciliberti
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cetrano
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Curione
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Pia Santangelo
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Napolitano
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia B Albanese
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Carotti
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Polito A, Albanese SB, Cetrano E, Forcina S, Cicenia M, Rinelli G, Carotti A. Aortic Valve Neocuspidalization May Be a Viable Alternative to Ross Operation in Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 42:668-675. [PMID: 33394106 PMCID: PMC7780600 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-020-02528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the medium-term results of aortic valve neocuspidalization according to Ozaki compared to Ross procedure for treatment of isolated aortic valve disease in pediatric age. Thirty-eight consecutive patients with congenital or acquired aortic valve disease underwent either Ozaki (n = 22) or Ross (n = 16) operation between 01/2015 and 05/2020. The primary outcome was progression of aortic valve disease and aortic ring and root dimension, whereas secondary outcome was freedom from reintervention or death by type of operation. Median age was 12.4 (8.8-15.8) years and the prevailing lesion was stenosis in 20 cases (52%) and incompetence in 18 (48%). One death occurred in the Ross group in the early postoperative period, while there were no deaths in the Ozaki group. Effective treatment of aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation occurred in both groups and remained stable over a median follow-up of 18.2 (5-32) months. In Ozaki group, 3 patients required aortic valve replacement at 4.9, 3.5, and 33 months, respectively. In Ross group, 1 patient required Melody pulmonary valve replacement, whereas none required aortic valve surgery. Finally, significantly higher aortic transvalvular gradient at follow-up was recorded in Ozaki group compared to Ross group. Overall, there was no significant difference in freedom from reoperation or death between the two groups. The medium-term outcome of Ozaki and Ross in pediatric patients is similar, despite an increased tendency of the former to develop aortic transvalvular gradient in the follow-up. Future larger multicenter studies with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Polito
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia B. Albanese
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Cetrano
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Forcina
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Cicenia
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rinelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital and Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriano Carotti
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital and Research Institute, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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Porter A, Yu S, Lowery R, Fifer CG, Lu JC. Echocardiographic Findings Associated with Transplantation-Free Survival and Left Ventricular Systolic Function at Midterm Follow-Up after Ross Procedure in Infants with Critical Aortic Stenosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 34:522-528.e1. [PMID: 33385500 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ross operation is an important option for children with critical aortic stenosis with residual disease, but operation in infancy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic correlates of transplantation-free survival, reintervention, and left ventricular (LV) function in midterm follow-up. METHODS This retrospective, single-center study included all infants with critical aortic stenosis who underwent Ross by 1 year of age from January 2000 to September 2018. Serial echocardiograms were analyzed for LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and systolic and diastolic longitudinal strain. The primary outcome was mortality or transplantation; secondary outcomes were reintervention and abnormal LVEF (≤55%). RESULTS Among 40 infants (30 male [75%]; median age at Ross, 51 days) with median follow-up duration of 3.3 years (interquartile range, 1.0-9.4 years), the primary outcome was met in 11 (28%). Rates of transplantation-free survival was 79%, 77%, and 69% at 1, 5, and 10 years after Ross. Predictors of transplantation or death included neonatal surgery, cross-clamp time, and preoperative left atrial dilatation and lower LVEF. Median freedom from reintervention was 7.1 years after Ross, with no identified associations. LV longitudinal strain improved 1 year after Ross (-21.1 ± 3.8% vs -17.4 ± 5.1%, P = .02), although LVEF did not reach significance. Lower LVEF at 1 year was related to pre-Ross left atrial dilatation (P = .02), abnormal LVEF (P = .04), and lower early diastolic longitudinal strain rate (P = .03). LVEF remained stable 3 years after Ross. CONCLUSIONS Both transplantation-free survival and normalization of LV function after Ross in infancy are associated with preoperative LV systolic and diastolic measures, highlighting the prognostic value of echocardiography in this population. Further data are necessary in a larger, multicenter cohort to allow more precise risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sunkyung Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ray Lowery
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carlen G Fifer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jimmy C Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Mylonas KS, Ziogas IA, Mylona CS, Avgerinos DV, Bakoyiannis C, Mitropoulos F, Tzifa A. Rapid right ventricular pacing for balloon valvuloplasty in congenital aortic stenosis: A systematic review. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:540-549. [PMID: 33312439 PMCID: PMC7701905 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i11.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is a well-established treatment modality for congenital aortic valve stenosis.
AIM To evaluate the role of rapid right ventricular pacing (RRVP) in balloon stabilization during BAV on aortic regurgitation (AR) in pediatric patients.
METHODS A systematic review of the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (end-of-search date: July 8, 2020). The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Newcastle-Ottawa scales was utilized for quality assessment.
RESULTS Five studies reporting on 72 patients were included. The studies investigated the use of RRVP-assisted BAV in infants (> 1 mo) and older children, but not in neonates. Ten (13.9%) patients had a history of some type of aortic valve surgical or catheterization procedure. Before BAV, 58 (84.0%), 7 (10.1%), 4 (5.9%) patients had AR grade 0 (none), 1 (trivial), 2 (mild), respectively. After BAV, 34 (49.3%), 6 (8.7%), 26 (37.7%), 3 (4.3%), patients had AR grade 0, 1, 2, and 3 (moderate), respectively. No patient developed severe AR after RRVP. One (1.4%) developed ventricular fibrillation and was defibrillated successfully. No additional arrhythmias or complications occurred during RRVP.
CONCLUSION RRVP can be safely used to achieve balloon stability during pediatric BAV, which could potentially decrease AR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Ioannis A Ziogas
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Charitini S Mylona
- Department of Pediatrics, Trikala General Hospital, Trikala 42100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios V Avgerinos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Christos Bakoyiannis
- Division of Vascular Surgery, First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Fotios Mitropoulos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Mitera Children’s Hospital, Athens 15123, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Tzifa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Mitera Children’s Hospital, Athens 15123, Greece
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El-Hamamsy I, Stelzer P, Adams DH. The Ross Procedure in Children Undergoing Reintervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1574-1576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Buratto E, Wallace FR, Fricke TA, Brink J, d’Udekem Y, Brizard CP, Konstantinov IE. Ross Procedures in Children With Previous Aortic Valve Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1564-1573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martin E, Laurin C, Jacques F, Houde C, Cote JM, Chetaille P, Drolet C, Vaujois L, Kalavrouziotis D, Mohammadi S, Perron J. More Than 25 Years of Experience With the Ross Procedure in Children: A Single-Center Experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:638-644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ross Operation in Children: 23-Year Experience From a Single Institution. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 109:1251-1259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Ross procedure involves using the native pulmonary valve for aortic valve replacement then replacing the pulmonary valve with an allograft or xenograft. We aimed to compare our age-matched experience with the bovine jugular vein conduit and the pulmonary homograft for pulmonary valve replacement during the Ross procedure in children. METHODS Between 1998 and 2016, 15 patients <18 years of age underwent a Ross procedure using the bovine jugular vein conduit (Ross-Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit) at our institution. These patients were age-matched with 15 patients who had the Ross operation with a standard pulmonary homograft for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (Ross-Pulmonary Homograft). Paper and electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The median age of the Ross-Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit and Ross-Pulmonary Homograft patients were 4.8 years (interquartile range 1.1-6.6) and 3.3 years (interquartile 1.2-7.6), respectively (p = 0.6). The median follow-up time for the Ross-Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit and Ross-Pulmonary Homograft groups were 1.7 years (interquartile range 0.5-4.9) and 6.8 years (interquartile range 1.9-13.4), respectively (p = 0.03). Overall, 5-year survival, freedom from redo aortic valve replacement, and freedom from pulmonary valve replacement were similar between groups. CONCLUSION The bovine jugular vein conduit and pulmonary homograft have favourable mid-term durability when used for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction for the Ross operation. The bovine jugular vein conduit may be a suitable replacement for appropriately sized patients undergoing a Ross aortic valve replacement, though longer follow-up is needed.
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Sankhyan LK, Ghosh R, Kumar S, Chatterjee S, Bhattachariya S, Das S, Nayak HK, Bose S, Chatterjee S. Outcome of 40 consecutive cases of modified Ross procedure using novel Dacron valved conduit. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 36:28-36. [PMID: 33061091 PMCID: PMC7525602 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-019-00845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Ross procedure is an established option for aortic valve disease in children. Due to limited availability of pulmonary homograft, we devised a novel technique for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction by preparing indigenous Dacron valved conduit. METHODS Forty consecutive cases of modified Ross procedure done at our center (2013-2018) were analyzed. Thirty-seven patients (95%) were followed up with median duration of 2.5 (0.08-5.5) years. Median age was 12 (5-39) years. Nineteen (47.5%) patients had rheumatic aortic valve disease, while 19 (47.5%) had congenital aortic valve disease. Aortic root replacement with pulmonary autograft was performed in all patients. Dacron conduit for RVOT reconstruction was used with on table sewn bileaflet valve using Dacron patch (n = 22), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane (n = 10), bioprosthetic valve (n = 4), and pericardium (n = 4). Additional surgical procedures included mitral valve repair (n = 10), septal myectomy (n = 2), ascending aorta replacement (n = 1), ruptured sinus of valsalva (RSOV) repair (n = 1), and ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure (n = 1). RESULTS There was one in-hospital mortality while one late death occurred at 3.5 years postoperatively. The neo-aortic valve regurgitation on echocardiographic evaluation at last follow-up was trivial (n = 28), mild (n = 7), and moderate (n = 2). Mild RVOT obstruction was present in 8 patients while 18 patients had mild pulmonary regurgitation. No patient required reintervention during follow-up. CONCLUSION Our early results of modified Ross procedure are encouraging, however, long-term follow-up is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kumari Sankhyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Sujoy Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Sudipta Bhattachariya
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Saurabhi Das
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Hemant Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Satyajit Bose
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
| | - Srirup Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212 India
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Takahashi Y, Wada N, Kabuto N, Komori Y, Amagaya S, Kishiki K, Ando M. Surgical Outcomes and Autograft Function after the Ross Procedure in Neonates and Infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4326/jjcvs.48.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Naohiro Kabuto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Yuya Komori
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Suguru Amagaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Kanako Kishiki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Makoto Ando
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University
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Ross operation early and mid-term results in children and young adults. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 22:21-25. [PMID: 31264658 PMCID: PMC6683218 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2019.45751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The Ross procedure has been cited as the procedure of choice for young patients requiring aortic valve replacement. However, potential for reintervention requirement in both left and right ventricular outflow tracts can be a source of concern. The aim of the present study was to describe our experience with this procedure. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all the patients who underwent the Ross procedure in a single institution was performed. National death registry records were used for late mortality. Results: Eighteen Ross procedures between May 2003 and May 2018 were performed. The median age of the cohort was 15 [interquartile range (IQR): 12-18] years. The pulmonic conduit was a homograft in 11 patients, Labcor in 5 patients, Contegra in 1 patient, and Medtronic Freestyle Valve in 1 patient. There were three early deaths. The median follow-up of 15 hospital survivors was 11 (IQR: 3–14) years. Any late mortality was not observed. In the two surviving patients with infective endocarditis, there was no recurrent infective endocarditis. Freedom from reintervention was 80% at 8 years and onward. Any risk factors associated with reintervention could not be identified. However, freedom from autograft dilatation at 10 years was 45%. Conclusion: Autograft failure is a potential problem in the long-term follow-up of Ross patients. Freedom from reintervention was satisfactory, and the type of pulmonic conduit did not affect the mid-term outcomes. In patients with infective endocarditis, the Ross procedure has a low recurrence rate, but it might have an increased risk of mortality.
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Ando Y, Ochiai Y, Tokunaga S, Hisahara M, Baba H, Miyagi C, Takigawa T. Size and Stiffness of the Pulmonary Autograft after the Ross Procedure in Children. Pediatr Cardiol 2019; 40:776-783. [PMID: 30734094 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-019-02064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Progressive dilatation of the pulmonary autograft is one of the greatest concerns after the Ross procedure. Increased stress in the arterial wall may cause changes in the elastic properties of the pulmonary autograft, and thus lead to pathological dilatation. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the autograft diameter and stiffness during follow-up after the Ross procedure. A total of ten patients underwent the Ross procedure at our institution between 2003 and 2011. Echocardiography was used to measure the diameters of the pulmonary autograft at the level of the annulus, sinus of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction. The stiffness index was calculated from the angiographic data, and compared with that of 16 age-matched control children. The diameters of the pulmonary autograft increased throughout the follow-up period, particularly at the level of the sinus of Valsalva and at the sinotubular junction. The aortic root was stiffer in Ross patients compared with control children (7.9 ± 1.8 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7 immediately postoperatively, p < 0.01; 10.1 ± 2.8 vs. 4.2 ± 1.4 at 5 years postoperatively, p < 0.01). Although no significant relationship was found between the stiffness index and the autograft diameter, the stiffness index tended to increase over time. Dilatation of the pulmonary autograft was accompanied by progressive change in aortic stiffness. Longer follow-up is warranted to clarify the impact of this change in aortic stiffness on autograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ando
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Ochiai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Tokunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan
| | - Manabu Hisahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takigawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, 1-8-1 Kishinoura, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 806-8501, Japan
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d'Udekem Y, Tweddell JS, Karl TR. The great debate series: surgical treatment of aortic valve abnormalities in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 53:919-931. [PMID: 29668975 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is the latest in an EJCTS series entitled 'The Great Debates'. We have chosen the topic of aortic valve (AoV) surgery in children, with a focus on infants and neonates. The topic was selected due to the significant challenges that AoV problems in the young may present to the surgical team. There are many areas of active controversy, despite the vast accumulated world experience. We have tried to incorporate many of these issues in the questions posed, not claiming to be all-inclusive. The individuals invited to this debate are experts in paediatric valve surgery, with broad and successful clinical experiences on multiple continents. We hope that the facts and opinions presented in this debate will generate interest and discussion and perhaps prove useful in decision-making for future complex valve cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves d'Udekem
- Cardiac Surgical Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James S Tweddell
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tom R Karl
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
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Bouhout I, Ba PS, El-Hamamsy I, Poirier N. Aortic Valve Interventions in Pediatric Patients. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:277-287. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Do surgical modifications at the annular level during the Ross procedure negatively influence the structural and functional durability of the autograft?†. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 27:642-649. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sharifulin R, Bogachev-Prokophiev A, Demin I, Zheleznev S, Pivkin A, Afanasyev A, Karaskov A. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using a polytetrafluoroethylene conduit in Ross patients†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 54:427-433. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravil Sharifulin
- Department of Heart Valve Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor Demin
- Department of Heart Valve Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Zheleznev
- Department of Heart Valve Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Pivkin
- Department of Heart Valve Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Afanasyev
- Department of Heart Valve Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Karaskov
- Department of Heart Valve Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Centre, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Tran PK, Tsang VT, Cornejo PR, Torii R, Dominguez T, Tran-Lundmark K, Hsia TY, Hughes M, Muthialu N, Kostolny M. Midterm results of the Ross procedure in children: an appraisal of the subannular implantation with interrupted sutures technique†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 52:798-804. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Pulmonary homograft stenosis in the Ross procedure: Incidence, clinical impact and predictors in long-term follow-up. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 110:214-222. [PMID: 28043783 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ross procedure is used in the treatment of selected patients with aortic valve disease. Pulmonary graft stenosis can appear in the long-term follow-up after the Ross intervention, but the factors involved and its clinical implications are not fully known. AIM To describe the incidence, clinical impact and predictors of homograft stenosis and reintervention after the Ross procedure in a prospective series in a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS From 1997 to 2009, 107 patients underwent the Ross procedure (mean age: 30±11 years; 69% men; 21 aged<18 years), and were followed for echocardiographic homograft stenosis (peak gradient>36mmHg) and surgical or percutaneous homograft reintervention. RESULTS After 15 years of follow-up (median: 11 years), echocardiographic and clinical data were available in 91 (85%) and 104 (98%) patients, respectively: 26/91 (29%) patients developed homograft stenosis; 10/104 (10%) patients underwent 13 homograft reintervention procedures (three patients underwent surgical replacement, three received a percutaneous pulmonary valve and one needed stent implantation). The other three patients underwent two consecutive procedures in follow-up; one died because of a procedure-related myocardial infarction. Rates of survival free from homograft stenosis and reintervention at 1, 5 and 10 years were 96%, 82% and 75% and 99%, 94% and 91%, respectively. Paediatric patients had worse survival free from homograft stenosis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-7.90; P=0.002), although there were no significant differences regarding reintervention (HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 0.52-7.78; P=0.31). Younger age of homograft donor was also a stenosis predictor (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99; P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS The probabilities of homograft stenosis and reintervention 10 years after the Ross procedure were 29% and 10%, respectively; only one patient had a reintervention-related death. Younger donor and recipient age were associated with a higher rate of stenosis.
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Tudorache I, Horke A, Cebotari S, Sarikouch S, Boethig D, Breymann T, Beerbaum P, Bertram H, Westhoff-Bleck M, Theodoridis K, Bobylev D, Cheptanaru E, Ciubotaru A, Haverich A. Decellularized aortic homografts for aortic valve and aorta ascendens replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 50:89-97. [PMID: 26896320 PMCID: PMC4913875 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The choice of valve prosthesis for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in young patients is challenging. Decellularized pulmonary homografts (DPHs) have shown excellent results in pulmonary position. Here, we report our early clinical results using decellularized aortic valve homografts (DAHs) for AVR in children and mainly young adults. METHODS This prospective observational study included all 69 patients (44 males) operated from February 2008 to September 2015, with a mean age of 19.7 ± 14.6 years (range 0.2–65.3 years). In 18 patients, a long DAH was used for simultaneous replacement of a dilated ascending aorta as an extended aortic root replacement (EARR). Four patients received simultaneous pulmonary valve replacement with DPH. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients (57%) had a total of 62 previous operations. The mean aortic cross-clamp time in isolated cases was 129 ± 41 min. There was 1 conduit-unrelated death. The mean DAH diameter was 22.4 ± 3.7 mm (range, 10–29 mm), the average peak gradient was 14 ± 15 mmHg and the mean aortic regurgitation grade (0.5 = trace, 1 = mild) was 0.6 ± 0.5. The mean effective orifice area (EOA) of 25 mm diameter DAH was 3.07 ± 0.7 cm2. DAH annulus z-values were 1.1 ± 1.1 at implantation and 0.7 ± 1.3 at the last follow-up. The last mean left ventricle ejection fraction and left ventricle end diastolic volume index was 63 ± 7% and 78 ± 16 ml/m2 body surface area, respectively. To date, no dilatation has been observed at any level of the graft during follow-up; however, the observational time is short (140.4 years in total, mean 2.0 ± 1.8 years, maximum 7.6 years). One small DAH (10 mm at implantation) had to be explanted due to subvalvular stenosis and developing regurgitation after 4.5 years and was replaced with a 17 mm DAH without complication. No calcification of the explanted graft was noticed intraoperatively and after histological analysis, which revealed extensive recellularization without inflammation. CONCLUSIONS DAHs withstand systemic circulation, provide outstanding EOA and appear as an alternative to conventional grafts for AVR in young patients. EARR using DAH is a further option in aortic valve disease associated with aorta ascendens dilatation as it avoids the use of any prosthetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Horke
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samir Sarikouch
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar Boethig
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Breymann
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Beerbaum
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Bertram
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mechthild Westhoff-Bleck
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karolina Theodoridis
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dmitry Bobylev
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eduard Cheptanaru
- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Anatol Ciubotaru
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Etnel JR, Elmont LC, Ertekin E, Mokhles MM, Heuvelman HJ, Roos-Hesselink JW, de Jong PL, Helbing WA, Bogers AJ, Takkenberg JJ. Outcome after aortic valve replacement in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 151:143-52.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tran PK, Tsang V. When and How to Enlarge the Small Aortic Root. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2016; 19:55-58. [PMID: 27060044 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Successful enlargement of the small aortic root in children has remained a management challenge, particularly in the neonates and small infants. Achieving this aim requires thorough understanding of the anatomic features of the left ventricular outflow tract, careful patient selection, and skilful execution of complex surgery. This article reviews the anatomical principles upon which the surgical techniques rely, the decision-making, the timing of surgery, the surgical options, and the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan-Kiet Tran
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Pediatric Heart Centre, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor Tsang
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Hoxha S, Torre S, Rungatscher A, Sandrini C, Rossetti L, Barozzi L, Faggian G, Luciani GB. Twenty-Year Outcome After Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Repair Using Heterotopic Pulmonary Conduits in Infants and Children. Artif Organs 2015; 40:50-5. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stiljan Hoxha
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; Department of Surgery; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Salvatore Torre
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; Department of Surgery; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; Department of Surgery; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Camilla Sandrini
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Lucia Rossetti
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Luca Barozzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; Department of Surgery; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery; Department of Surgery; University of Verona; Verona Italy
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Bhatia A, Mehta TH, Manning P, Kuvin JT. Adults With Left-Sided Pressure Loading Lesions. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2015; 17:55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-015-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tudorache I, Theodoridis K, Baraki H, Sarikouch S, Bara C, Meyer T, Höffler K, Hartung D, Hilfiker A, Haverich A, Cebotari S. Decellularized aortic allografts versus pulmonary autografts for aortic valve replacement in the growing sheep model: haemodynamic and morphological results at 20 months after implantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:1228-38. [PMID: 26503725 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary autografts (PAs) represent the substitute of choice for aortic valve (AV) replacement, especially in children and young adults. Similarly, decellularized aortic valve allografts (DAVAs) have shown excellent mid-term function when implanted in the systemic circulation. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of DAVAs with that of pulmonary autografts after a Ross procedure in the growing sheep model. METHODS AV root replacement was performed in female lambs (25 ± 3.4 kg) using either DAVAs (n = 5) or pulmonary autografts (n = 5) as in the Ross procedure. Sheep undergoing the Ross procedure received a decellularized pulmonary allograft in place of pulmonary valve. Haemodynamics was investigated by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The roots were explanted at 20 months and examined by histology to determine the degree of repopulation and quality of the extracellular matrix, and by immunohistochemistry to characterize the repopulating cells. RESULTS The mean valve diameter increased from 16 to 21 and from 16 to 25 mm in DAVAs and PAs, respectively. At explantation, one PA and one DAVA exhibited moderate insufficiency. Significant differences in transvalvular gradient were only found in PAs between implantation and prior to explantation. The cusps of all implants were soft, pliable and showed no major signs of degeneration. In the decellularized allografts, cell repopulation occurred at the wall and cusp level with a well-maintained, three-layered cusp structure. Ventricular cusp surface of decellularized allografts was more strongly repopulated than the arterial surface. Cusps were covered with cells positive for endothelial markers and were also repopulated by interstitial cells. CONCLUSIONS DAVAs and PAs provide adequate haemodynamics after AV replacement in the growing sheep. While decellularized grafts are repopulated by endothelial and interstitial cells, autografts maintain in general their native cell distribution. Maintenance of valvular competence during enlargement of the valve ring is, in our opinion, representative of the capacity for physiological growth in both graft types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karolina Theodoridis
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassina Baraki
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Samir Sarikouch
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Bara
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Meyer
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Höffler
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hartung
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Serghei Cebotari
- Department of Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Nelson JS, Pasquali SK, Pratt CN, Yu S, Donohue JE, Loccoh E, Ohye RG, Bove EL, Hirsch-Romano JC. Long-Term Survival and Reintervention After the Ross Procedure Across the Pediatric Age Spectrum. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:2086-94; discussion 2094-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Konstantinov IE. Is Ross operation in neonates and infants justified? Aortic valve repair may postpone Ross operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 47:e170-1. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Luciani GB. The Ross procedure in the young: evidence from multicentre registries. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:218-9. [PMID: 25736274 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kallio M, Pihkala J, Sairanen H, Mattila I. Long-term results of the Ross procedure in a population-based follow-up. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 47:e164-70. [PMID: 25661074 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the Ross procedure in a nationwide follow-up. METHODS This retrospective study involved all children treated with the Ross procedure in Finland between 1994 and 2009. The clinical records were reviewed for demographic and anatomical characteristics, Ross operation data, surgical history and status at the latest follow-up. The median follow-up time was 11.5 (range 2.4-19.2) years. RESULTS Fifty-one patients underwent either the Ross (n = 37) or the Ross-Konno (n = 14) procedure at a median age of 4.8 (range 0.02-16.3) years, including 13 infants (<1 year of age). The indication for the Ross procedure was aortic valve stenosis, regurgitation or both, which was observed in 29, 24 and 47% of patients, respectively. The early mortality (before hospital discharge) rate was 10% (31% in infants) and the late mortality rate 6% (15% in infants). Higher mortality was discovered in patients treated with the Ross-Konno procedure (P = 0.001). The most common cause for reintervention was pulmonary homograft stenosis. The rate of freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reintervention was 98% at 5 years, 83% at 10 years and 59% at 15 years. The rate of freedom from autograft reintervention was 98% at 5 and 10 years, and 81% at 15 years. At the latest follow-up visit, mild-to-moderate aortic root dilatation was reported in 52% of patients, and 4 patients had undergone autograft-related reinterventions. Trivial autograft valve regurgitation was commonly seen, but only 1 patient developed severe autograft regurgitation requiring mechanical valve replacement 15.9 years after the Ross operation. CONCLUSIONS The most common reason for reintervention after the Ross procedure in children is homograft stenosis. Aortic root dilatation and autograft valve regurgitation are relatively common but rarely lead to reinterventions before adulthood. Intraoperative complications and complex cardiac anatomy are associated with high mortality in infants undergoing the Ross-Konno procedure. In our centre, the Ross procedure has provided good long-term results in this challenging group of paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Kallio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pihkala
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Sairanen
- Department of Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Mattila
- Department of Pediatric and Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital, University Hospital of Helsinki and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdi Yacoub
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Doha, Qatar Imperial College London, London, UK
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