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Angerilli V, Galuppini F, Pagni F, Fusco N, Malapelle U, Fassan M. The Role of the Pathologist in the Next-Generation Era of Tumor Molecular Characterization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:339. [PMID: 33670699 PMCID: PMC7922586 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pathology practice is being shaped by the increasing complexity of modern medicine, in particular of precision oncology, and major technological advances. In the "next-generation technologies era", the pathologist has become the person responsible for the integration and interpretation of morphologic and molecular information and for the delivery of critical answers to diagnostic, prognostic and predictive queries, acquiring a prominent position in the molecular tumor boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (V.A.); (F.G.)
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Lewison G, Gavin A, McCallion K, McDermott R, Sullivan R, Lawler M. The 'Good Friday Agreement' and cancer research on the island of Ireland: Evidence for the impact of a tripartite cancer research partnership. Eur J Cancer 2020; 129:15-22. [PMID: 32114365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM In 1999, a cooperative tripartite cancer research and training agreement was signed between Ireland (IE), Northern Ireland (NI) and the United States (US) National Cancer Institute, giving rise to the All-Ireland Cancer Consortium (AICC). We wished to consider if AICC increased the amount/impact of cancer research on the island of Ireland and what effect this enhanced research activity had on cancer services and cancer outcomes. METHODS As comparator, we chose the city regions of Copenhagen and Lund & Malmö, whose physical connection was greatly improved following construction of bridges between Denmark and Sweden around the time AICC was established. We analysed cancer research outputs from all four geographical regions in the Web of Science (1988-2017), with a particular focus on citations and journal impact factors. We evaluated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as an indicator of change in health status. RESULTS Research outputs increased in all four regions, but more in IE/NI than in the Scandinavian cities, while collaboration between IE and NI and both the US and the Rest of Europe increased even more substantially. Citation scores also showed a greater improvement for IE and NI. Journal citation impact factors indicated that IE/NI papers were increasingly being published in more highly cited journals. Research-enabled cancer service provision improved on the island of Ireland, with concomitant increases in cancer survival. CONCLUSION The AICC collaborative agreement delivered significant additionality on the island of Ireland, promoting transnational cooperation, enhancing cancer research activity, and underpinning improved cancer services and better cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Lewison
- King's College London, Institute of Cancer Policy, Department of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast UK.
| | - Karen McCallion
- InterTradeIreland, Old Gasworks Business Park, Kilmorey St, Newry BT34 2DE, UK.
| | - Ray McDermott
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Old Finglas Road Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard Sullivan
- King's College London, Institute of Cancer Policy, Department of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK.
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Fassan M. Molecular Diagnostics in Pathology: Time for a Next-Generation Pathologist? Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 142:313-320. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0269-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Context.—Comprehensive molecular investigations of mainstream carcinogenic processes have led to the use of effective molecular targeted agents in most cases of solid tumors in clinical settings.Objective.—To update readers regarding the evolving role of the pathologist in the therapeutic decision-making process and the introduction of next-generation technologies into pathology practice.Data Sources.—Current literature on the topic, primarily sourced from the PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, Maryland) database, were reviewed.Conclusions.—Adequate evaluation of cytologic-based and tissue-based predictive diagnostic biomarkers largely depends on both proper pathologic characterization and customized processing of biospecimens. Moreover, increased requests for molecular testing have paralleled the recent, sharp decrease in tumor material to be analyzed—material that currently comprises cytology specimens or, at minimum, small biopsies in most cases of metastatic/advanced disease. Traditional diagnostic pathology has been completely revolutionized by the introduction of next-generation technologies, which provide multigene, targeted mutational profiling, even in the most complex of clinical cases. Combining traditional and molecular knowledge, pathologists integrate the morphological, clinical, and molecular dimensions of a disease, leading to a proper diagnosis and, therefore, the most-appropriate tailored therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fassan
- From the Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Salto-Tellez M. More Than a Decade of Molecular Diagnostic Cytopathology Leading Diagnostic and Therapeutic Decision-Making. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2018; 142:443-445. [DOI: 10.5858/apra.2017-0258-ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Salto-Tellez
- From the Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland; and the Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast
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Maxwell P, Salto-Tellez M. Training in molecular cytopathology testing. Cytopathology 2017; 29:5-9. [PMID: 29148178 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Training in molecular cytopathology testing is essential in developing and maintaining skills in modern molecular technologies as they are introduced to a universal health care system such as extant in the UK and elsewhere. We review the system in place in Northern Ireland (NI) for molecular testing of solid tumours, as an example to train staff of all grades, including pathologists, clinical scientists, biomedical scientists and equivalent technical grades. We describe training of pathologists as part of the NI Deanery medical curriculum, the NI training programme for scientists and laboratory rotation for Biomedical Scientists. Collectively, the aims of our training are two-fold: to provide a means by which individuals may extend their experience and skills; and to provide and maintain a skilled workforce for service delivery. Through training and competency, we introduce new technologies and tests in response to personalised medicine therapies with a competent workforce. We advocate modifying programmes to suit individual needs for skill development, with formalised courses in pre-analytical, analytical and postanalytical demands of modern molecular pathology. This is of particular relevance for cytopathology in small samples such those from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cell blocks. We finally introduce how university courses can augment training and develop a skilled workforce to benefit the delivery of services to our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maxwell
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Moore DA, Young CA, Morris HT, Oien KA, Lee JL, Jones JL, Salto-Tellez M. Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists? J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:285-290. [PMID: 29113995 PMCID: PMC5868526 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of cellular pathology as a specialty has always been driven by technological developments and the clinical relevance of incorporating novel investigations into diagnostic practice. In recent years, the molecular characterisation of cancer has become of crucial relevance in patient treatment both for predictive testing and subclassification of certain tumours. Much of this has become possible due to the availability of next-generation sequencing technologies and the whole-genome sequencing of tumours is now being rolled out into clinical practice in England via the 100 000 Genome Project. The effective integration of cellular pathology reporting and genomic characterisation is crucial to ensure the morphological and genomic data are interpreted in the relevant context, though despite this, in many UK centres molecular testing is entirely detached from cellular pathology departments. The CM-Path initiative recognises there is a genomics knowledge and skills gap within cellular pathology that needs to be bridged through an upskilling of the current workforce and a redesign of pathology training. Bridging this gap will allow the development of an integrated ‘morphomolecular pathology’ specialty, which can maintain the relevance of cellular pathology at the centre of cancer patient management and allow the pathology community to continue to be a major influence in cancer discovery as well as playing a driving role in the delivery of precision medicine approaches. Here, several alternative models of pathology training, designed to address this challenge, are presented and appraised.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Moore
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Hayley T Morris
- Institute of Cancer Sciences - Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karin A Oien
- Institute of Cancer Sciences - Pathology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessica L Lee
- Strategy and Initiatives, National Cancer Research Institute, London, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Pathologists and liquid biopsies: to be or not to be? Virchows Arch 2016; 469:601-609. [PMID: 27553354 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the advent of therapies targeting genomic alterations has improved the care of patients with certain types of cancer. While molecular targets were initially detected in nucleic acid samples extracted from tumor tissue, detection of nucleic acids in circulating blood has allowed the development of what has become known as liquid biopsies, which provide a complementary and alternative sample source allowing identification of genomic alterations that might be addressed by targeted therapy. Consequently, liquid biopsies might rapidly revolutionize oncology practice in allowing administration of more effective treatments. Liquid biopsies also provide an approach towards short-term monitoring of metastatic cancer patients to evaluate efficacy of treatment and/or early detection of secondary mutations responsible for resistance to treatment. In this context, pathologists, who have already been required in recent years to take interest in the domain of molecular pathology of cancer, now face new challenges. The attitude of pathologists to and level of involvement in the practice of liquid biopsies, including mastering the methods employed in molecular analysis of blood samples, need close attention. Regardless of the level of involvement of pathologists in this new field, it is mandatory that oncologists, biologists, geneticists, and pathologists work together to coordinate the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases of molecular assessment of tissue and liquid samples of individual cancer patients. The challenges include (1) implementation of effective and efficient procedures for reception and analysis of liquid and tissue samples for histopathological and molecular evaluation and (2) assuring short turn-around times to facilitate rapid optimization of individual patient treatment. In this paper, we will review the following: (1) recent data concerning the concept of liquid biopsies in oncology and its development for patient care, (2) advantages and limitations of molecular analyses performed on blood samples compared to those performed on tissue samples, and (3) short-term challenges facing pathologists in dealing with liquid biopsies of cancer patients and new strategies to early detect metastatic tumor cell clones.
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Lawler M, Gavin A, Salto‐Tellez M, Kennedy RD, Van Schaeybroeck S, Wilson RH, Harkin DP, Grayson M, Boyd RE, Hamilton PW, McArt DG, James J, Robson T, Ladner RD, Prise KM, O'Sullivan JM, Harrison T, Murray L, Johnston PG, Waugh DJ. Delivering a research-enabled multistakeholder partnership for enhanced patient care at a population level: The Northern Ireland Comprehensive Cancer Program. Cancer 2016; 122:664-73. [PMID: 26695702 PMCID: PMC4864440 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen significant advances in cancer care in Northern Ireland, leading to measureable improvements in patient outcomes. Crucial to this transformation has been an ethos that recognizes the primacy role of research in effecting heath care change. The authors' model of a cross‐sectoral partnership that unites patients, scientists, health care professionals, hospital trusts, bioindustry, and government agencies can be truly transformative, empowering tripartite clinical‐academic‐industry efforts that have already yielded significant benefit and will continue to inform strategy and its implementation going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Centre for Public HealthQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Manuel Salto‐Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Almac DiagnosticsCraigavonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Richard H. Wilson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Denis Paul Harkin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Almac DiagnosticsCraigavonUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret Grayson
- Northern Ireland Cancer Research Consumer ForumBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Boyd
- Northern Ireland Cancer Research Consumer ForumBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Hamilton
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- PathXL, Innovation Centre, Northern Ireland Science ParkBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Darragh G. McArt
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline James
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Tracy Robson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- School of PharmacyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Ladner
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- CV6 Therapeutics, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Joe M. O'Sullivan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Cancer CentreBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
- Almac DiscoveryCraigavonUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick G. Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - David J. Waugh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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Maxwell P, Salto-Tellez M. Validation of immunocytochemistry as a morphomolecular technique. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124:540-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Perry Maxwell
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory; Belfast Health & Social Care Trust and Queen's University; Belfast United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory; Belfast Health & Social Care Trust and Queen's University; Belfast United Kingdom
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Salto-Tellez M, Kennedy RD. Integrated molecular pathology: the Belfast model. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1451-4. [PMID: 26499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast & Belfast Health and Social Care Board, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast & Belfast Health and Social Care Board, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK
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Salto-Tellez M, Raison C. An interview with Manuel Salto-Tellez on diagnostic pathology: the future is morphomolecular. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:585-8. [PMID: 25838030 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1033603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interview with Professor Manuel Salto-Tellez by Claire Raison, Commissioning Editor Professor Manuel Salto-Tellez of Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland is an expert histopathologist and molecular diagnostician. Professor Salto-Tellez is a lead investigator at the Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory and also serves as a member of the Editorial Advisory Board for Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics. In this interview, he proposes directions for the future of molecular pathology and molecular diagnostics, integrating all aspects of pathology toward a common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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Salto-Tellez M, James JA, Hamilton PW. Molecular pathology - the value of an integrative approach. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1163-8. [PMID: 25160635 PMCID: PMC5528577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular Pathology (MP) is at the heart of modern diagnostics and translational research, but the controversy on how MP is best developed has not abated. The lack of a proper model or trained pathologists to support the diagnostic and research missions makes MP a rare commodity overall. Here we analyse the scientific and technology areas, in research and diagnostics, which are encompassed by MP of solid tumours; we highlight the broad overlap of technologies and analytical capabilities in tissue research and diagnostics; and we describe an integrated model that rationalizes technical know-how and pathology talent for both. The model is based on a single, accredited laboratory providing a single standard of high-quality for biomarker discovery, biomarker validation and molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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