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Kohla S, El Kourashy S, Nawaz Z, Youssef R, Al-Sabbagh A, Ibrahim FA. P190 BCR-ABL1 in a Patient with Philadelphia Chromosome Positive T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1040-1050. [PMID: 34326740 PMCID: PMC8299423 DOI: 10.1159/000516270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) is rare and aggressive leukemia. Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Ph+ T-ALL is exceeding rare and has a therapeutic and prognostic significance. The incidence and outcome of Ph+ T-ALL are unknown. Differentiation between Ph+ T-ALL/LBL and T-cell lymphoblastic crises of CML may be difficult. We report a rare case of adult de novo T-ALL with significant monocytosis, having Ph+ with (P190 BCR-ABL1) as a cytogenetic abnormality. He was treated with ALL induction chemotherapy and imatinib and achieved complete remission, then relapsed twice and expired shortly after the last CNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Kohla
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Hematology Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah El Kourashy
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zafar Nawaz
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Cytogenetic Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reda Youssef
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of clinical Imaging, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Al-Sabbagh
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Hematology Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Feryal A Ibrahim
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, Hematology Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Prognostic Significance of Transcript-Type BCR - ABL1 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020062. [PMID: 32952973 PMCID: PMC7485470 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. In more than 95% of CML patients, the typical BCR-ABL1 transcript subtypes are e13a2 (b2a2), e14a2 (b3a2), or the simultaneous expression of both. Other less frequent transcript subtypes, such as e1a2, e2a2, e6a2, e19a2, e1a3, e13a3, and e14a3, have been sporadically reported. The main purpose of this review is to assess the possible impact of different transcripts on the response rate to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the achievement of stable deep molecular responses (s-DMR), the potential maintenance of treatment-free remission (TFR), and long-term outcome of CML patients treated with TKIs. According to the majority of published studies, patients with e13a2 transcript treated with imatinib have lower and slower cytogenetic and molecular responses than those with e14a2 transcript. They should be considered a high-risk group that would most benefit from frontline treatment with second-generation TKIs (2GTIKIs). Although few studies have been published, similar significant differences in response rates to 2GTKIs have been not reported. The e14a2 transcript seems to be a favorable prognostic factor for obtaining s-DMR, irrespective of the TKI received, and is also associated with a very high rate of TFR maintenance. Indeed, patients with e13a2 transcript achieve a lower rate of s-DMR and experience a higher probability of TFR failure. According to most reported data in the literature, the type of transcript does not seem to affect long-term outcomes of CML patients treated with TKIs. In TFR, the e14a2 transcript appears to be related to favorable responses. 2GTKIs as frontline therapy might be a convenient approach in patients with e13a2 transcript to achieve optimal long-term outcomes.
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3
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Nandagopalan SR, Kuila N, Biswas S, Pattnayak NC, Biswas G, Chakraborty S. Dual transcripts of BCR- ABL & different polymorphisms in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:S136-S141. [PMID: 27748288 PMCID: PMC5080923 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.191816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Chronic myeloid leukaemia is (CML) characterized by the presence of a hallmark chromosomal translocation, the Philadelphia chromosome. Although there are many reports available regarding the different variants of BCR-ABL in CML, we studied the co-expression of e13a2 and e14a2 transcripts and a few polymorphisms in CML patients. Methods: Molecular genetics approach was adapted to screen for polymorphisms, mutation and translocation in BCR, ABL kinase domain and BCR-ABL breakpoint region in 73 CML patients. Results: All eight patients with dual transcripts were found to harbour an exonic polymorphism (c.2700 T>C) and an intronic polymorphism (g.109366A>G) that were earlier reported to be associated with co-expression of both the transcripts. We also observed c.763G>A mutation in ABL kinase domain and two polymorphisms, c.2387 A>G and c.2736A>G in the BCR gene. Interpretation & conclusions: Though our data support the previous findings that co-expression of BCR-ABL transcripts is due to the occurrence of exonic and intronic polymorphisms in the BCR gene, it also shows that the intronic polymorphism can arise without the linked exonic polymorphism. The occurrence of ABL kinase domain mutation is less frequent in Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sutapa Biswas
- Sparsh Hospital & Critical Care, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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4
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Sazawal S, Chikkara S, Singh K, Chaubey R, Chandra D, Mishra P, Mahapatra M, Seth T, Saxena R. Chronic myeloid leukemia with a rare fusion transcript, e19a2 BCR–ABL1: A report of three cases from India. Ann Diagn Pathol 2017; 27:24-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Ikeda K, Harada-Shirado K, Matsumoto H, Noji H, Ogawa K, Takeishi Y. Molecular Response of e19a2 BCR-ABL1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia With Double Philadelphia Chromosome to Dasatinib. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:e130-3. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Bennour A, Saad A, Sennana H. Chronic myeloid leukemia: Relevance of cytogenetic and molecular assays. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 97:263-74. [PMID: 26412717 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the prototype cytogenetic malignancy. Even before the development of basic G- and R-banding techniques, CML was found to be associated with a persistent chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Banding technology later showed the marker chromosome to be a translocation between the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) on chromosome 22q11.2 and the Abelson proto-oncogene (ABL) on chromosome 9q34. Further advances in cytogenetic and molecular biology have also contributed to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of CML. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has revealed cryptic translocations in most cases of Ph-negative CML. Additional rare chromosomal variant translocations have been discovered as well. The understanding of cytogenetic and molecular physiopathology of CML has led to the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as treatment for this disease with spectacular success. Over the 40 years since being identified as the first cytogenetic disease, CML has become the greatest success in translating the basic science of oncology into the treatment of patients with cancer. In this review we will not only summarize the biology of CML, recent progress in the delineation of mechanisms and treatment strategies, but also we will discuss the laboratory tools used for diagnosing CML, for monitoring during treatment and for revealing point mutations and additional chromosomal abnormalities. In doing so, we will describe in detail our individual research on CML, identifying why and how these tests were performed to help to explain CML subgroups and clinical significance of additional chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Bennour
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Saad
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Halima Sennana
- Department of Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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7
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Ferri CA, Bianchini M, Bengió RM, Moiraghi EB, Gonzalez MS, Noriega MF, Larripa IB. Clinical activity of ponatinib in one patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase with e19a2 transcript and T315I mutation. Eur J Haematol 2014; 94:270-2. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A. Ferri
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX, CONICET-ANM); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Michele Bianchini
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX, CONICET-ANM); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Raquel M. Bengió
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas (IIHEMA); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Elena B. Moiraghi
- Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Ramos Mejía; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariana S. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX, CONICET-ANM); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María F. Noriega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas (IIHEMA); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Irene B. Larripa
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX, CONICET-ANM); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas (IIHEMA); Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Rapid Evolution to Blast Crisis Associated with a Q252H ABL1 Kinase Domain Mutation in e19a2 BCR-ABL1 Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. Case Rep Hematol 2013; 2013:490740. [PMID: 24109527 PMCID: PMC3787624 DOI: 10.1155/2013/490740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A minority of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients express variant transcripts of which the e19a2 BCR-ABL1 fusion is the most common. Instances of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in e19a2 BCR-ABL1 CML patients have rarely been reported. A case of e19a2 BCR-ABL1 CML is described in whom imatinib resistance, associated with a Q252H ABL1 kinase domain mutation, became apparent soon after initiation of TKI therapy. The patient rapidly transformed to myeloid blast crisis (BC) with considerable bone marrow fibrosis and no significant molecular response to a second generation TKI. The clinical course was complicated by comorbidities with the patient rapidly succumbing to advanced disease. This scenario of Q252H-associated TKI resistance with rapid BC transformation has not been previously documented in e19a2 BCR-ABL1 CML. This case highlights the considerable challenges remaining in the management of TKI-resistant BC CML, particularly in the elderly patient.
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9
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Early Complete Molecular Response to First-Line Nilotinib in Two Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Carrying the p230 Transcript. Case Rep Hematol 2013; 2013:871476. [PMID: 23956893 PMCID: PMC3728508 DOI: 10.1155/2013/871476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the rare fusion gene e19a2, encoding a p230 protein, has been described in patients with typical or rather aggressive clinical course. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce a substantial cytogenetic and molecular response in all phases of CML, a minority of p230 positive patients have been treated with TKIs. We report two cases of CML patients carrying the p230 transcript, who achieved fast and deep complete molecular response (CMR) after frontline treatment with nilotinib. Our results suggest the use of nilotinib as frontline agent for the treatment of this CML variant.
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with e19a2 BCR-ABL1 Transcripts and Marked Thrombocytosis: The Role of Molecular Monitoring. Case Rep Hematol 2012; 2012:458716. [PMID: 22937329 PMCID: PMC3420773 DOI: 10.1155/2012/458716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While most patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) express either e13a2 or e14a2 BCR-ABL1 transcripts, a significant minority expresses variant transcripts, of which e19a2 is the most common. Although considered to have a relatively favourable outcome, reported responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy are variable with molecular monitoring in CML patients with e19a2 BCR-ABL1 transcripts rarely reported. A case of e19a2 BCR-ABL1 CML with marked thrombocytosis is described in which the value of molecular monitoring is emphasised during treatment interruptions, dose reductions, and changes. This case serves to demonstrate the requirement for prospective real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) assays for patients with variant BCR-ABL1 transcript types and standardisation of such assays to enable modern patient management.
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11
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Rathankar N, Nirmala KA, Khanduja V, Nagendra HG. Identification of potential drug targets implicated in Parkinson's disease from human genome: insights of using fused domains in hypothetical proteins as probes. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2011; 2011:265253. [PMID: 22389811 PMCID: PMC3263550 DOI: 10.5402/2011/265253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput genome sequencing has led to data explosion in sequence databanks, with an imbalance of sequence-structure-function relationships, resulting in a substantial fraction of proteins known as hypothetical proteins. Functions of such proteins can be assigned based on the analysis and characterization of the domains that they are made up of. Domains are basic evolutionary units of proteins and most proteins contain multiple domains. A subset of multidomain proteins is fused domains (overlapping domains), wherein sequence overlaps between two or more domains occur. These fused domains are a result of gene fusion events and their implication in diseases is well established. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to identify the fused domain containing hypothetical proteins from human genome homologous to parkinsonian targets present in KEGG database. The results of this research identified 18 hypothetical proteins, with domains fused with ubiquitin domains and having homology with targets present in parkinsonian pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rathankar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
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12
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Bennour A, Beaufils N, Sennana H, Meddeb B, Saad A, Gabert J. E355G mutation appearing in a patient with e19a2 chronic myeloid leukaemia resistant to imatinib. J Clin Pathol 2011; 63:737-40. [PMID: 20702476 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.078311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The development of imatinib is a milestone in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and its therapeutic effect has been extensively investigated in patients with CML who carry M-bcr and m-bcr BCR-ABL fusion transcripts. However, knowledge about its therapeutic effect on patients with CML who have the rare BCR-ABL fusion transcript e19a2 (mu-bcr) remains sparse. This report describes a patient with Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia with e19a2 rearrangement, in whom E355G mutation had been acquired. The patient was resistant to imatinib treatment based on conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Bennour
- Department of Cytogenetics Molecular Genetics, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
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13
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Sullivan C, Peng C, Chen Y, Li D, Li S. Targeted therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:584-91. [PMID: 20470758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of BCR-ABL with kinase inhibitors has become a well-accepted strategy for targeted therapy of Philadelphia-positive (Ph(+)) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and has been shown to be highly effective in controlling the disease. However, BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors do not efficiently kill leukemic stem cells (LSCs), indicating that this therapeutic strategy does not lead to a cure of CML. Development of curative therapies of CML require the identification of genes/pathways that play critical roles in survival and self-renewal of LSCs. Targeting of these key BCR-ABL downstream genes provides an opportunity to eradicate LSCs, as shown in our work that identifies the Alox5 gene as a key regulator of the function of CML LSCs. Immediate clinical trials are necessary to test the effectiveness of targeting a key BCR-ABL downstream gene in eradicating LSCs in CML patients. In this review, we will discuss current targeted therapies of CML using BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors, with a focus on the importance of developing a targeted therapy of CML through identification of target genes in CML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Sullivan
- Maine Institute for Human Genetics and Health, 246 Sylvan Road, Bangor, ME 04401, USA
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Clonal evolution with double Ph followed by tetraploidy in imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia with e19a2 transcript in transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 199:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Kim JH, Lee WM, Ryoo NH, Ha JS, Jeon DS, Kim JR, Kwon KY. A Case of Atypical CML with Micro BCR/ABL Rearrangement. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2008.43.3.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Won-Mok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam-Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Ha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Li X, Yang J, Chen X, Liu J, Li H, Zheng J, He Y, Chen Z, Huang S. A report of early cytogenetic response to imatinib in two patients with chronic myeloid leukemia at accelerated phase and carrying the e19a2 BCR-ABL transcript. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:166-8. [PMID: 17656262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of imatinib is a milestone in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and its therapeutic effect has been extensively investigated in CML patients carrying M-bcr and m-bcr BCR/ABL fusion transcripts. However, our knowledge about its therapeutic effect on CML patients with rare BCR/ABL fusion transcripts e19a2(u-bcr) remains sparse. Here, we report on two CML patients with e19a2 transcripts who rapidly progressed into the accelerated phase, further confirming the possibility that 19a2 might be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in CML. Moreover, these patients showed early response to imatinib treatment. Our study highlights the clinical potential of imatinib for this patient subgroup.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Disease Progression
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Genes, abl/drug effects
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China
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