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van Lent LGG, van der Ham M, de Jonge MJA, Gort EH, van Mil M, Hasselaar J, van der Rijt CCD, van Gurp J, van Weert JCM. Patient values in patient-provider communication about participation in early phase clinical cancer trials: a qualitative analysis before and after implementation of an online value clarification tool intervention. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2024; 24:32. [PMID: 38308286 PMCID: PMC10835819 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-024-02434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced cancer who no longer have standard treatment options available may decide to participate in early phase clinical trials (i.e. experimental treatments with uncertain outcomes). Shared decision-making (SDM) models help to understand considerations that influence patients' decision. Discussion of patient values is essential to SDM, but such communication is often limited in this context and may require new interventions. The OnVaCT intervention, consisting of a preparatory online value clarification tool (OnVaCT) for patients and communication training for oncologists, was previously developed to support SDM. This study aimed to qualitatively explore associations between patient values that are discussed between patients and oncologists during consultations about potential participation in early phase clinical trials before and after implementation of the OnVaCT intervention. METHODS This study is part of a prospective multicentre nonrandomized controlled clinical trial and had a between-subjects design: pre-intervention patients received usual care, while post-intervention patients additionally received the OnVaCT. Oncologists participated in the communication training between study phases. Patients' initial consultation on potential early phase clinical trial participation was recorded and transcribed verbatim. Applying a directed approach, two independent coders analysed the transcripts using an initial codebook based on previous studies. Steps of continuous evaluation and revision were repeated until data saturation was reached. RESULTS Data saturation was reached after 32 patient-oncologist consultations (i.e. 17 pre-intervention and 15 post-intervention). The analysis revealed the values: hope, perseverance, quality or quantity of life, risk tolerance, trust in the healthcare system/professionals, autonomy, social adherence, altruism, corporeality, acceptance of one's fate, and humanity. Patients in the pre-intervention phase tended to express values briefly and spontaneously. Oncologists acknowledged the importance of patients' values, but generally only gave 'contrasting' examples of why some accept and others refuse to participate in trials. In the post-intervention phase, many oncologists referred to the OnVaCT and/or asked follow-up questions, while patients used longer phrases that combined multiple values, sometimes clearly indicating their weighing. CONCLUSIONS While all values were recognized in both study phases, our results have highlighted the different communication patterns around patient values in SDM for potential early phase clinical trial participation before and after implementation of the OnVaCT intervention. This study therefore provides a first (qualitative) indication that the OnVaCT intervention may support patients and oncologists in discussing their values. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Registry: NL7335, registered on July 17, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza G G van Lent
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirte van der Ham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maja J A de Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eelke H Gort
- Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Mil
- Department of Medical Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hasselaar
- Department of Pain, Anaesthesiology and Palliative Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carin C D van der Rijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle van Gurp
- Department of IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Julia C M van Weert
- Department of Communication Science, Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Gorman R, Farsides B. Writing the worlds of genomic medicine: experiences of using participatory-writing to understand life with rare conditions. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2022; 48:e4. [PMID: 35418508 PMCID: PMC9185826 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2021-012346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic and treatment possibilities made possible by the development and subsequent mainstreaming of clinical genomics services have the potential to profoundly change the experiences of families affected by rare genetic conditions. Understanding the potentials of genomic medicine requires that we consider the perspectives of those who engage with such services; there are substantial social implications involved. There are increasing calls to think more creatively, and draw on more participatory approaches, in evoking rich accounts of lived experience. In this article, we discuss our rationale for, and experiences of, using 'participatory-writing' to understand the diverse, variable and multilayered everyday lives of families and how these correspond with the emerging, rapidly changing and complex field of genomic medicine. Participatory-writing has many benefits as a method for social inquiry. Writing can be expressive and self-revelatory, providing insight into personal and sensitive topics. Writing together produces new conversations and relationships. Pieces written by participants have the potential to affect readers, evoking and enlivening research and prompting professional change. Working with a writing tutor, we organised a participatory-writing programme for families touched by genetic conditions. This involved a series of workshops with an emphasis on building confidence in expressing lived experience through experimenting with different writing techniques. Afterwards we arranged reflective interviews with participants. We drew on dialogical narrative analysis to engage with participants' written pieces, and highlight what everyday life is like for the people who live with, and care for, those with genetic conditions. The stories produced through our writing-groups unfold the implications of new genomic technologies, illuminating how genomics acts to (and likewise, fails to) reconfigure aspects of people's lives outside of the clinic, while simultaneously existing as a sociotechnical frame that can eclipse the wider contexts, challenges and liveliness of life with rare genetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gorman
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Bobbie Farsides
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Brighton and Hove, UK
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Abstract
Narrative medicine describes the application of story to medical education and practice. Although it has been implemented successfully in many medical schools as a part of undergraduate medical education, applications to the residency environment have been relatively limited. There are virtually no data concerning the adoption of narrative medicine within surgical residencies. This paper provides a brief introduction to the formal discipline of narrative medicine. We further discuss how storytelling is already used in surgical education and summarize the literature on applications of narrative medicine to residents in other specialties. The relevance of narrative medicine to the ACGME core competencies is explored. We conclude with specific suggestions for implementation of narrative medicine within surgical residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Eh Scott-Conner
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa City, IA, USA
| | - Divyansh Agarwal
- 14640Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Hodson N, Ryrie A, Glennerster R. Teaching medical law and ethics using letter-based narrative. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 50:1146-1147. [PMID: 27762035 DOI: 10.1111/medu.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Reitinger E, Heimerl K. Ethics and gender issues in palliative care in nursing homes: an Austrian participatory research project. Int J Older People Nurs 2015; 9:131-9. [PMID: 24862993 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of palliative care in nursing homes in German-speaking countries has gained in importance within the past 15-20 years. Ethical and gender issues are core aspects of a palliative care culture and should therefore be better understood. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to highlight insights regarding ethical and gender issues, based on the experiences of professionals in nursing homes. DESIGN A 2-year participatory action research study was performed in collaboration with three nursing homes in Austria. METHODS The article focusses on 10 group discussions with interdisciplinary professional teams that were conducted to generate ethical narratives. Thematic and narrative analysis was undertaken both individually and within the interdisciplinary research team. Findings and interpretations were validated with practitioners and researchers. FINDINGS A total of 36 narratives were collected and summarised within eight themes concerning the theoretical journey of a nursing home resident with relatives from entry into the house until death. The most burdensome ethical dilemmas are not the ones around death and dying but rather those relating to small-scale everyday work/life issues. Sharing experiences and feelings in ethical discussions provides relief. Emotions are important facilitators of insight into ethical dilemmas. Gender issues can be observed in care situations as well as in the organisational structure of nursing homes. CONCLUSIONS Opportunities to share experiences and perspectives around ethical questions in interdisciplinary group discussions help professionals to better understand difficult issues and find appropriate ways of managing them. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE There is a need for communication structures such as facilitated ethical discussions that enable nursing home staff to reflect their everyday decisions. Expression of emotions should be encouraged in ethical decision-making processes in nursing homes. Gender-sensitive reflection supports the development of palliative care as organisational culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Reitinger
- IFF Palliative Care and Organisational Ethics, University of Klagenfurt, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Abstract
Bioethics case reports generally treat aspects of moral fathomability, characterised and addressed in different ways. This paper reads the case as a textual model of scenarios and draws attention to its structure, narrative shape, linguistic register, and the effects of tone and temporality on reader expectation and responsiveness. Such textual elements of case composition reflect authorial purpose and influence the interpretation, including moral and ethical interpretation, of bioethics cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hurwitz
- Centre for the Humanities and Health, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Boudreau JD, Liben S, Fuks A. A faculty development workshop in narrative-based reflective writing. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2012; 1:143-54. [PMID: 23316470 PMCID: PMC3540349 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-012-0021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Narrative approaches are used increasingly in the health professions with a range of objectives. We must acquaint educators with this burgeoning field and prepare them for the incorporation of story-telling in their pedagogical practices. The authors describe a template for a faculty development workshop designed to foster self-reflection through the use of narrative techniques and prepare clinical teachers to deploy such approaches. The design is based on a six-year experience in delivering introductory workshops in narrative approaches to medical teachers. The workshops, which served as a model for the template, have been offered to a total of 92 clinicians being trained to mentor medical students. A generic template is described. It includes a table of core concepts from narrative theory, a set of probing questions useful in a basic technical analysis of texts and a list of initiating prompts for exercises in reflective writing. A workshop organized and deployed using this template is deliverable over a half-day. The model has proven to be feasible and highly valued by participants. It can be adapted for other contexts by educators across the continuum of health professional education.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Donald Boudreau
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St., McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, Room 529, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6 Canada
| | - Stephen Liben
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, 2300 Tupper St., Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC H3H 1P3 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Abraham Fuks
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3647 Peel St, Montreal, QC H3A 1X1 Canada
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Ahern SP, Doyle TK, Marquis F, Lesk C, Skrobik Y. Critically ill patients and end-of-life decision-making: the senior medical resident experience. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2012; 17:121-136. [PMID: 21626076 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-011-9306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the understanding of educational needs among residents caring for the critically ill, narrative accounts of 19 senior physician trainees participating in level of care decision-making were analyzed. In this multicentre qualitative study involving 9 university centers in Canada, in-depth interviews were conducted in either English or French, and the transcripts then underwent a hermeneutic phenomenological analysis. The resident was the central figure in the narrated incident, along with the patients' relatives and other attending physicians. The vast majority of interviews recounted negative experiences that involved delivering bad news to patients' families and managing difficult communications with them and with physician colleagues. Emotional distress and suffering were often part of their decision-making process. Narrating their experiences was viewed as a positive event. Data analysis uncovered 6 general themes that were organized into 2 categories, the first one grouping together themes related to interactions with the patients' families and the second comprising themes related to interactions with physician coworkers. The findings suggest that physician trainees' narratives are a rich source of data regarding what constitutes meaningful training experiences and what they learn from them. Educational approaches that incorporate the telling of stories would allow students to express their feelings, doubts, and opinions about their work experiences and could thus foster personal and emotional learning in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane P Ahern
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kenny B, Lincoln M, Balandin S. Experienced speech-language pathologists' responses to ethical dilemmas: an integrated approach to ethical reasoning. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2010; 19:121-134. [PMID: 20008471 DOI: 10.1044/1058-0360(2009/08-0007)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the approaches of experienced speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to ethical reasoning and the processes they use to resolve ethical dilemmas. METHOD Ten experienced SLPs participated in in-depth interviews. A narrative approach was used to guide participants' descriptions of how they resolved ethical dilemmas. Individual narrative transcriptions were analyzed by using the participant's words to develop an ethical story that described and interpreted their responses to dilemmas. Key concepts from individual stories were then coded into group themes to reflect participants' reasoning processes. RESULTS Five major themes reflected participants' approaches to ethical reasoning: (a) focusing on the well-being of the client, (b) fulfilling professional roles and responsibilities, (c) attending to professional relationships, (d) managing resources, and (e) integrating personal and professional values. SLPs demonstrated a range of ethical reasoning processes: applying bioethical principles, casuistry, and narrative reasoning when managing ethical dilemmas in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that experienced SLPs adopted an integrated approach to ethical reasoning. They supported clients' rights to make health care choices. Bioethical principles, casuistry, and narrative reasoning provided useful frameworks for facilitating health professionals' application of codes of ethics to complex professional practice issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Kenny
- University of Sydney-Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumberland Campus, Lidcombe, New South Wales 1825, Australia.
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Mehta P, Hester M, Safar AM, Thompson R. Ethics-in-oncology forums. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2007; 22:159-64. [PMID: 17760521 DOI: 10.1007/bf03174329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed an ethics curriculum for hematology/oncology fellows who had already learned medical ethics from medical school and residency programs. The goal of the ethics program was to train fellows in ethics issues specific to hematology/oncology; to raise awareness of ethical issues; and to teach fellows to write, edit, and publish reviews in specific ethical issues. METHODS Fellows learned to summarize expert opinions, to understand diversity in cultural concepts relating to ethics, and to crystallize their approaches to ethical dilemmas to selected oncology patients. Fellows were also trained to write ethics discussions in manuscript format, edit the manuscripts, and submit them for publication. RESULTS We hypothesized that fellows would learn ethics in oncology by recognizing and choosing an ethical dilemma from among patient population; reviewing the literature for a discussion of relevant ethical issues; presenting the case and facilitating discussion to an ethics-in-oncology committee; hearing faculty and peer input into their cases; and finally writing, editing, and publishing the deliberation. It also increased understanding of health systems management, a new competency required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education for board certification. CONCLUSIONS Fellows' perceptions about the experience were positive. We recommend that other subspecialty programs consider this format for teaching ethics in their subspecialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulette Mehta
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Styhre A, Sundgren M. “Management is evil”: management control, technoscience and saudade in pharmaceutical research. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1108/01437730310505867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Knapp S, Sturm C. Ethics education after licensing: ideas for increasing diversity in content and process. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2003; 12:157-66. [PMID: 12956138 DOI: 10.1207/s15327019eb1202_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Continuing professional education in ethics for psychologists is becoming more common, as psychology licensing boards in 14 states now require continuing education in ethics as a condition of licensure renewal. This article suggests ways to improve the quality of ethics continuing education by diversifying the content and teaching methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knapp
- Pennsylvania Psychological Association, 76 Canty Lane, Landisville, PA 17539-1042, USA.
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Nilstun T, Cuttini M, Saracci R. Teaching medical ethics to experienced staff: participants, teachers and method. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2001; 27:409-412. [PMID: 11731606 PMCID: PMC1733478 DOI: 10.1136/jme.27.6.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Almost all articles on education in medical ethics present proposals for or describe experiences of teaching students in different health professions. Since experienced staff also need such education, the purpose of this paper is to exemplify and discuss educational approaches that may be used after graduation. As an example we describe the experiences with a five-day European residential course on ethics for neonatal intensive care personnel. In this multidisciplinary course, using a case-based approach, the aim was to enhance the participants' understanding of ethical principles and their relevance to clinical and research activities. Our conclusion is that working with realistic cases encourages practising nurses and physicians to apply their previous knowledge and new concepts learnt in the course, thus helping them to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
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Ardagh M. The Tom Hamilton Lecture 1999: The Hidden Curriculum. Emerg Med Australas 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2026.2000.00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Neonatal nurse practitioners are frequently confronted with ethical dilemmas in the NICU. This article reflects on the historical basis of ethical decision making and the issues some novice NNPs face today regarding their participation in the decision-making process. It examines various educational strategies that can be used to help NNPs to develop the skills they need to participate collaboratively in ethical decision making in the NICU. It concludes with recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Waltman
- University of Mississippi, School of Nursing, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Pattison S, Dickenson D, Parker M, Heller T. Do case studies mislead about the nature of reality? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 1999; 25:42-6. [PMID: 10070638 PMCID: PMC479167 DOI: 10.1136/jme.25.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts a partial, critical look at the construction and use of case studies in ethics education. It argues that the authors and users of case studies are often insufficiently aware of the literary nature of these artefacts: this may lead to some confusion between fiction and reality. Issues of the nature of the genre, the fictional, story-constructing aspect of case studies, the nature of authorship, and the purposes and uses of case studies as "texts" are outlined and discussed. The paper concludes with some critical questions that can be applied to the construction and use of case studies in the light of the foregoing analysis.
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