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O'Sullivan PA, Aidarova A, Afonina IS, Manils J, Thurston TLM, Instrell R, Howell M, Boeing S, Ranawana S, Herpels MB, Chetian R, Bassa M, Flynn H, Frith D, Snijders AP, Howes A, Beyaert R, Bowcock AM, Ley SC. CARD14 signalosome formation is associated with its endosomal relocation and mTORC1-induced keratinocyte proliferation. Biochem J 2024; 481:1143-1171. [PMID: 39145956 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20240058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Rare mutations in CARD14 promote psoriasis by inducing CARD14-BCL10-MALT1 complexes that activate NF-κB and MAP kinases. Here, the downstream signalling mechanism of the highly penetrant CARD14E138A alteration is described. In addition to BCL10 and MALT1, CARD14E138A associated with several proteins important in innate immune signalling. Interactions with M1-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase HOIP, and K63-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase TRAF6 promoted BCL10 ubiquitination and were essential for NF-κB and MAP kinase activation. In contrast, the ubiquitin binding proteins A20 and ABIN1, both genetically associated with psoriasis development, negatively regulated signalling by inducing CARD14E138A turnover. CARD14E138A localized to early endosomes and was associated with the AP2 adaptor complex. AP2 function was required for CARD14E138A activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which stimulated keratinocyte metabolism, but not for NF-κB nor MAP kinase activation. Furthermore, rapamycin ameliorated CARD14E138A-induced keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal acanthosis in mice, suggesting that blocking mTORC1 may be therapeutically beneficial in CARD14-dependent psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A O'Sullivan
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
| | - Aigerim Aidarova
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inna S Afonina
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joan Manils
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa L M Thurston
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Sashini Ranawana
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
| | - Melanie B Herpels
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
| | - Riwia Chetian
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
| | - Matilda Bassa
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
| | - Helen Flynn
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | - David Frith
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K
| | | | - Ashleigh Howes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- Department of Oncological Science, Dermatology, and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, U.S.A
| | - Steven C Ley
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London NW3 2PP, U.K
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2
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Chandra A, Ray A, Senapati S, Chatterjee R. Genetic and epigenetic basis of psoriasis pathogenesis. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:313-23. [PMID: 25594889 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence varies among different populations worldwide. It is a complex multi-factorial disease and the exact etiology is largely unknown. Family based studies have indicated a genetic predisposition; however they cannot fully explain the disease pathogenesis. In addition to genetic susceptibility, environmental as well as gender and age related factors were also been found to be associated. Recently, imbalances in epigenetic networks are indicated to be causative elements in psoriasis. The present knowledge of epigenetic involvement, mainly the DNA methylation, chromatin modifications and miRNA deregulation is surveyed here. An integrated approach considering genetic and epigenetic anomalies in the light of immunological network may explore the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chandra
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Aditi Ray
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | | | - Raghunath Chatterjee
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India.
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3
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Ammar M, Souissi-Bouchlaka C, Gati A, Zaraa I, Bouhaha R, Kouidhi S, Ben Ammar-Gaied A, Doss N, Mokni M, Marrakchi R. [Psoriasis: physiopathology and immunogenetics]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 62:10-23. [PMID: 24589075 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease that involves genetic, immunological and environmental factors. During the last decade, several studies by genome scan on families or cases/controls helped to highlight more than ten loci "PSORS" located on different chromosomes and containing several candidate genes. Psoriasis appears as a genetic disease that follows the mixed model with the involvement of a major gene (PSORS1) and a set of minor genes with a variable penetrance depending on the locus. Genetic data have focused on the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. It is now accepted that psoriasis is an immunological disease involving the response profiles TH1 and TH17. Much remains to be done to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in the genesis of psoriatic lesions to find new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ammar
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - C Souissi-Bouchlaka
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - A Gati
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - I Zaraa
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital la Rabta, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - R Bouhaha
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - S Kouidhi
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - A Ben Ammar-Gaied
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - N Doss
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital militaire de Tunis, rue Raouth Ibnou Hatem, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - M Mokni
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital la Rabta, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - R Marrakchi
- Laboratoire de génétique, d'immunologie et de pathologies humaines, faculté des sciences de Tunis, université El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisie
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4
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Dębniak T, Soczawa E, Boer M, Różewicka-Czabańska M, Wiśniewska J, Serrano-Fernandez P, Mirecka A, Paszkowska-Szczur K, Lubinski J, Krysztoforska L, Adamski Z, Maleszka R. Common variants of ZNF750, RPTOR and TRAF3IP2 genes and psoriasis risk. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:231-8. [PMID: 24005976 PMCID: PMC3955134 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Dębniak
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Połabska 4, 70-115, Szczecin, Poland,
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5
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OKA A, MABUCHI T, OZAWA A, INOKO H. Current understanding of human genetics and genetic analysis of psoriasis. J Dermatol 2012; 39:231-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Thng TG, Lim KS. Personalised Medicine for Psoriasis: A Real Possibility Ahead. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2010. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n8p588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Duffin KC, Woodcock J, Krueger GG. Genetic variations associated with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis found by genome-wide association. Dermatol Ther 2010; 23:101-13. [PMID: 20415816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are immune disorders with a complex polygenic basis. HLA-Cw6, which lies in the major histocompatibility region on chromosome 6, is considered the major genetic determinant of psoriasis. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified new variants outside of the MHC with relevance to the immunology of psoriasis. Variants in or near genes that encode subunits of cytokines (IL12B, IL23A) or cytokine receptors (IL23R) are interesting given that the gene product of IL12B, p40, is the target of a recently approved monoclonal antibody therapy for psoriasis (ustekinumab). Association with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis has been found in TNFAIP3 and TNFIP1, ubiquitin ligases in the NF-kappaB pathway, and IL13, a Th2 cytokine. Copy number variation of human beta-defensin and late cornified envelope genes also associate with psoriasis. Many of these genetic variations also associate with immune disorders considered psoriatic co-morbidities, including Crohn's disease and diabetes.
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Replication of LCE3C-LCE3B CNV as a risk factor for psoriasis and analysis of interaction with other genetic risk factors. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:979-84. [PMID: 20016497 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a deletion of two late cornified envelope (LCE) genes within the epidermal differentiation complex on chromosome 1 was shown to be overrepresented in 1,426 psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) patients of European ancestry. In this study, we report a confirmation of this finding in 1,354 PsV patients and 937 control individuals of German origin. We found an allele frequency of the deletion of 70.9% in PsV patients and of 64.9% in control individuals (chi(2)=17.44, P=2.97 x 10(-5), odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=1.31 (1.15-1.48)). The overall copy number of the two LCE genes had no influence on the age of onset, but we observed a dosage effect at the genotype level. There was no evidence of statistically significant interaction with copy number of the beta-defensin cluster on 8p23.1 or with an IL-23R pathway variant in a combined data set of German and Dutch individuals, whereas evidence for interaction with the PSORS1 risk allele in German individuals was marginal and did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Our study confirms the recently published finding that the deletion of the two LCE genes is a susceptibility factor for PsV with dosage effect, while, because of power limitation, no final conclusion regarding interaction with other PsV risk factors can be made at this stage.
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Hüffmeier U, Lascorz J, Becker T, Schürmeier-Horst F, Magener A, Ekici AB, Endele S, Thiel CT, Thoma-Uszynski S, Mössner R, Reich K, Kurrat W, Wienker TF, Traupe H, Reis A. Characterisation of psoriasis susceptibility locus 6 (PSORS6) in patients with early onset psoriasis and evidence for interaction with PSORS1. J Med Genet 2009; 46:736-44. [PMID: 19525279 PMCID: PMC3272665 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.065029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a genetically complex, chronic inflammatory skin disease. The authors have previously identified a susceptibility locus on chromosome 19p13 (PSORS6). METHODS AND RESULTS In a follow-up linkage disequilibrium (LD) study in an independent family based cohort, the authors found evidence for association to a newly discovered microsatellite at this locus (D19SPS21, p<5.3x10(-5)). An LD based association scan in 300 trios revealed association to several single, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in one LD block. When the authors stratified this cohort for carrying the PSORS1 risk allele at the HLA-C locus, evidence for association became much stronger at single SNP and haplotype levels (p values between 1.0x10(-4) and 8.0x10(-4)). In a replication study of 1114 patients and 937 control individuals, evidence for association was also observed after stratification to the PSORS1 risk allele. In both study groups, logistic regression showed evidence for interaction between the risk alleles at PSORS1 and PSORS6. Best p values for rs12459358 in both study groups remained significant after correction for multiple testing. The associated LD block did not comprise any known genes. Interestingly, an adjacent gene, MUC16, coding for a large glycosylated protein expressed in epithelia and of unknown function, could be shown to be also expressed in tissues relevant for pathogenesis of psoriasis such as skin and thymus. Immunohistochemical analyses of skin revealed focal staining for MUC16 in suprabasal epidermal cells. Further functional studies are required to clarify its potential role in psoriasis and identify the causal variant(s) at this locus. CONCLUSION The data establish PSORS6 as a confirmed psoriasis susceptibility locus showing interaction with PSORS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hüffmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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10
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Karpouzis A, Caridha R, Tripsianis G, Michailidis C, Martinis G, Veletza SV. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Pincelli C, Pignatti M, Borroni RG. Pharmacogenomics in dermatology: from susceptibility genes to personalized therapy. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:337-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Detailed genetic characterization of the interleukin-23 receptor in psoriasis. Genes Immun 2008; 9:546-55. [PMID: 18650833 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using a multi-tiered, case-control association design, scanning 25 215 gene-centric SNPs, we previously identified two psoriasis susceptibility genes: IL12B and IL23R. These results have recently been confirmed. To better characterize the IL23R psoriasis-association, we used a fine mapping strategy to identify 59 additional IL23R-linked SNPs, which were genotyped in our three independent, white North American sample sets (>2800 individuals in toto). A sliding window of haplotype association demonstrates colocalization of psoriasis susceptibility effects within the boundaries of IL23R across all sample sets, thereby decreasing the likelihood that neighboring genes, particularly IL12RB2, are driving the association at this region. Additional haplotype work identified two 5-SNP haplotypes with strong protective effects, consistent across our three sample sets (OR(common)=0.67; P(comb)=4.32E-07). Importantly, heterogeneity of effect was extremely low between sample sets for these haplotypes (P(Het)=0.961). Together, these protective haplotypes attain a frequency of 16% in controls, declining to 11% in cases. The characterization of association patterns within IL23R to specific predisposing/protective variants will play an important role in the elucidation of psoriasis etiology and other related phenotypes. Further, this work is essential to lay the foundation for the role of IL23R genetics in response to pharmaceutical therapy and dosage.
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Capon F, Bijlmakers MJ, Wolf N, Quaranta M, Huffmeier U, Allen M, Timms K, Abkevich V, Gutin A, Smith R, Warren RB, Young HS, Worthington J, Burden AD, Griffiths CEM, Hayday A, Nestle FO, Reis A, Lanchbury J, Barker JN, Trembath RC. Identification of ZNF313/RNF114 as a novel psoriasis susceptibility gene. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:1938-45. [PMID: 18364390 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disorder that is inherited as a multifactorial trait. Linkage studies have clearly identified a primary disease susceptibility locus lying within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), but have generated conflicting results for other genomic regions. To overcome this difficulty, we have carried out a genome-wide association scan, where we analyzed more than 408,000 SNPs in an initial sample of 318 cases and 288 controls. Outside of the MHC, we observed a single cluster of disease-associated markers, spanning 47 kb on chromosome 20q13. The analysis of two replication data sets confirmed this association, with SNP rs495337 yielding a combined P-value of 1.4 x 10(-8) in an overall sample of 2679 cases and 2215 controls. Rs495337 maps to the SPATA2 transcript and is in absolute linkage disequilibrium with five SNPs lying in the adjacent ZNF313 gene (also known as RNF114). Real-time PCR experiments showed that, unlike SPATA2, ZNF313 is abundantly expressed in skin, T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Furthermore, an analysis of the expression data available from the Genevar database indicated that rs495337 is associated with increased ZNF313 transcripts levels (P = 0.003), suggesting that the disease susceptibility allele may be a ZNF313 regulatory variant tagged by rs495337. Homology searches indicated that ZNF313 is a paralogue of TRAC-1, an ubiquitin ligase regulating T-cell activation. We performed cell-free assays and confirmed that like TRAC-1, ZNF313 binds ubiquitin via an ubiquitin-interaction motif (UIM). These findings collectively identify a novel psoriasis susceptibility gene, with a putative role in the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Yang CF, Hwu WL, Yang LC, Chung WH, Chien YH, Hung CF, Chen HC, Tsai PJ, Fann CSJ, Liao F, Chen YT. A promoter sequence variant of ZNF750 is linked with familial psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1662-8. [PMID: 18256691 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously mapped a psoriasis-susceptibility gene to a 3.8-Mb region of the 17q terminus in a five-generation Chinese family with autosomal-dominant psoriasis. To identify the mutations responsible for the psoriasis in this family, we sequenced 78 genes within the region and found four gene variants, p.Ala201Val in CD7, c.-625A>C in zinc-finger protein 750 (ZNF750), p.Asp189Asn in C17orf56, and p.Ala568Thr in AATK cosegregated with the disease. The latter two variants were not studied further in the absence of disease segregation in other familial psoriasis and presence of variants in normal subjects. Functional analyses of CD7 did not support CD7 as a disease-causing gene. In contrast, the c.-625A>C mutation in ZNF750 resulted in a 42% reduction of the promoter activity, and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed binding of nuclear protein(s) to the mutant C allele. The c.-625A>C mutation was found in another sporadic psoriasis patient but was absent in 188 normal controls. Together, the mutation accounts for 1.7% (confidence interval: 0.2-5.84%) of psoriasis in the Chinese population. This report suggests that ZNF750 mutations could contribute to psoriasis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fan Yang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Veletza S, Karpouzis A, Giassakis G, Caridha R, Papaioakim M. Assessment of insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 49:85-7. [PMID: 17920817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Guttman-Yassky E, Krueger JG. Psoriasis: evolution of pathogenic concepts and new therapies through phases of translational research. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:1103-15. [PMID: 17714560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is perhaps unique for a disease studied through translational science in that there is not an accepted animal model, yet many rounds of bidirectional translation have taken place that have helped to define disease pathogenesis and to advance therapy. In this review, we illustrate the evolution of new pathogenic concepts and the testing of new therapeutic agents through translational research in humans. We present a current view of disease pathogenesis that stems from research in patients and animal models, but with the perspectives (i) that disease models can advance or hinder the overall translational enterprise and (ii) that the research process must be firmly grounded in the pathophysiology of the actual human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, Box 178, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA. Guttman-Yassky
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17
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Capon F, Di Meglio P, Szaub J, Prescott NJ, Dunster C, Baumber L, Timms K, Gutin A, Abkevic V, Burden AD, Lanchbury J, Barker JN, Trembath RC, Nestle FO. Sequence variants in the genes for the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and its ligand (IL12B) confer protection against psoriasis. Hum Genet 2007; 122:201-6. [PMID: 17587057 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that is inherited as a multifactorial trait. Genetic analyses have repeatedly identified a primary disease susceptibility locus lying within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), on chromosome 6p21. A small number of non-MHC susceptibility loci have also been identified. These regions tend to overlap with susceptibility intervals for Crohn's disease and atopic dermatitis, suggesting the possibility that genetic variants affecting inflammatory pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple disorders. Here, we report a genetic analysis of the interleukin 23 receptor gene (IL23R), which was recently identified as a susceptibility determinant for Crohn's disease. We initially examined the results of a whole-genome association scan, carried out on 318 cases and 288 controls. We observed a significant increase of a non-synonymous substitution (p.Arg381Gln) among controls (P = 0.00036). We validated this finding by extending our cohort to include a further 519 cases and 528 controls. In the overall sample, the frequency of the 381Gln allele was 3.6% in cases and 7% in controls, yielding a P value of 0.00014. Next, we examined genetic variation at the IL12RB1, IL23A and IL12B genes, respectively, encoding the second subunit of the IL23R receptor and the two subunits of its ligand. This analysis identified independent associations for IL12B SNPs rs10045431 (P value for the extended dataset = 0.0001) and rs3212227 (P = 0.036). Altogether, these findings indicate that genes participating in IL23 signalling play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic epithelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College, London, UK
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18
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the epidermis and altered keratinocyte differentiation. Psoriasis is currently thought of as a T-cell mediated 'Type-1' autoimmune disease. Gene expression changes in psoriasis lesions have been well documented, and strongly support an important role for tumor necrosis factor and interferon gamma signal pathways in its pathogenesis. The strongest genetic determinant of psoriasis identified to date lies within the class I region of the multiple histocompatibility locus antigen cluster, although its low penetrance implicates a requirement for other genetic risk factors. Multiple genome-wide linkage and an increasing number of association studies have been carried out, leading to multiple linkage peaks, and the identification of potential low risk variants. A number of these variants lie within genes encoding components of the immune system. However, the functional relationships between predisposing genetic variation is unclear, and presumably involves genetic susceptibility factors affecting both immune cell activation and keratinocyte differentiation. The interaction of environmental trigger factors with genetic effects is also not understood, but provide further evidence for the complex basis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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20
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Birnbaum RY, Zvulunov A, Hallel-Halevy D, Cagnano E, Finer G, Ofir R, Geiger D, Silberstein E, Feferman Y, Birk OS. Seborrhea-like dermatitis with psoriasiform elements caused by a mutation in ZNF750, encoding a putative C2H2 zinc finger protein. Nat Genet 2006; 38:749-51. [PMID: 16751772 DOI: 10.1038/ng1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe an Israeli Jewish Moroccan family presenting with autosomal dominant seborrhea-like dermatosis with psoriasiform elements, including enhanced keratinocyte proliferation, parakeratosis, follicular plugging, Pityrosporum ovale overgrowth and dermal CD4 lymphocyte infiltrate. We mapped the disease gene to a 0.5-cM region overlapping the PSORS2 locus (17q25) and identified a frameshift mutation in ZNF750, which encodes a putative C2H2 zinc finger protein. ZNF750 is normally expressed in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts and is barely detectable in CD4 lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Y Birnbaum
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics, National Institute for Biotechnology and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Chen JM, Férec C, Cooper DN. A systematic analysis of disease-associated variants in the 3' regulatory regions of human protein-coding genes I: general principles and overview. Hum Genet 2006; 120:1-21. [PMID: 16645853 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0180-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The 3' regulatory regions (3' RRs) of human genes play an important role in regulating mRNA 3' end formation, stability/degradation, nuclear export, subcellular localization and translation and are consequently rich in regulatory elements. Although 3' RRs contain only approximately 0.2% of known disease-associated mutations, this is likely to represent a rather conservative estimate of their actual prevalence. In an attempt to catalogue 3' RR-mediated disease and also to gain a greater understanding of the functional role of regulatory elements within 3' RRs, we have performed a systematic analysis of disease-associated 3' RR variants; 121 3' RR variants in 94 human genes were collated. These included 17 mutations in the upstream core polyadenylation signal sequence (UCPAS), 81 in the upstream sequence (USS) between the translational termination codon and the UCPAS, 6 in the left arm of the 'spacer' sequence (LAS) between the UCPAS and the pre-mRNA cleavage site (CS), 3 in the right arm of the 'spacer' sequence (RAS) or downstream core polyadenylation signal sequence (DCPAS) and 7 in the downstream sequence (DSS) of the 3'-flanking region, with 7 further mutations being treated as isolated examples. All the UCPAS mutations and the rather unusual cases of the DMPK, SCA8, FCMD and GLA mutations exert a significant effect on the mRNA phenotype and are usually associated with monogenic disease. By contrast, most of the remaining variants are polymorphisms that exert a comparatively minor influence on mRNA expression, but which may nevertheless predispose to or otherwise modify complex clinical phenotypes. Considerable efforts have been made to validate/elucidate the mechanisms through which the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) variants affect gene expression. It is hoped that the integrative approach employed here in the study of naturally occurring variants of actual or potential pathological significance will serve to complement ongoing efforts to identify all functional regulatory elements in the human genome.
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Morar N, Bowcock AM, Harper JI, Cookson WOCM, Moffatt MF. Investigation of the Chromosome 17q25 PSORS2 Locus in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:603-6. [PMID: 16374479 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are strongly genetic and inherited as multi-factorial traits. In both diseases, linkage has been reported to chromosome 17q25. For psoriasis, the locus has been labelled PSORS2. Two peaks of association here contain the psoriasis candidate genes SLC9A3R (solute carrier family 9, isoform 3 regulatory factor), NAT9 (N-acetyltransferase superfamily), and RAPTOR (rapamycin (TOR)). We genotyped 14 of the most significantly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes in a panel of 148 families (ECZ1) identified through a proband with active AD. The panel contains 350 siblings and 245 sib-pairs. Replication of positive findings was sought in a second panel, MRC-E, comprising of 278 families, 634 siblings, and 470 sib-pairs. SNP genotyping was carried out by Sequenom MassArray technology. Using family-based tests of association (transmission disequilibrium test), rs878906, in intron 3 of NAT9, was significantly associated with AD (P = 0.010) in the ECZ1 panel. In the MRC-E panel, rs895691, between the end of exon 6 of SLC9A3R1 and exon 7 of NAT9, was associated with AD (P = 0.037). These were not significant when multiple comparisons were taken into account. Haplotype analysis revealed no significant associations in either population. These results suggest that the psoriasis candidate genes do not account for previously observed linkage of the 17q25 PSORS2 locus to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Morar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory/autoimmune disease and, as with many autoimmune diseases, is associated with alleles from the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). With psoriasis and autoimmune disease, the penetrance of the MHC-associated alleles is never 100%, even for monozygotic twins. This may be because development requires additional environmental and/or genetic modifiers or requires specific T-cell receptor arrangements. Families segregating single or multilocus susceptibility alleles other than the MHC have also been reported. Overlapping genetic locations of loci for different autoimmune diseases have been known for several years and are starting to reveal common genes or genetic variants. These include genes normally involved in preventing spontaneous T-cell activation or proliferation, immune synapse formation, or cytokine production via pathways such as those mediated by NFkappaB and those involved in thymic selection. Autoimmunity may also involve dysregulation of genes or pathways regulated by the RUNX family of transcription factors. RUNX is involved in hematopoietic cell development, development of T cells in the thymus, chromatin remodeling, and gene silencing. Hence, its effect on cells of the immune system may be due to variable changes in gene expression and could account for variable body surface involvement and waxing and waning of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Bowcock
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin that is mediated by T cells, dendritic cells and inflammatory cytokines. We now understand many of the cellular alterations that underlie this disease, and genomic approaches have recently been used to assess the alterations of gene expression in psoriatic skin lesions. Genetic susceptibility factors that contribute to predisposition to psoriasis are now also being identified. It is hoped that we will soon be able to correlate the cellular pathogenesis that occurs in psoriasis with these genetic factors. In this Review article, we describe what is known about genes that confer increased susceptibility to psoriasis, and we integrate this with what is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that occur in other inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Bowcock
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Stuart P, Nair RP, Abecasis GR, Nistor I, Hiremagalore R, Chia NV, Qin ZS, Thompson RA, Jenisch S, Weichenthal M, Janiga J, Lim HW, Christophers E, Voorhees JJ, Elder JT. Analysis of RUNX1 binding site and RAPTOR polymorphisms in psoriasis: no evidence for association despite adequate power and evidence for linkage. J Med Genet 2005; 43:12-7. [PMID: 15923274 PMCID: PMC2564497 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.032193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study identified two peaks of allelic association between psoriasis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to distal chromosome 17q, including a disease associated SNP that leads to loss of a RUNX1 transcription factor binding site, and additional SNPs in the third intron of the RAPTOR gene. Another study found an association with SNPs in the RAPTOR gene, but not with the RUNX1 binding site polymorphism. METHODS In an effort to confirm these observations, we genotyped 579 pedigrees containing 1285 affected individuals for three SNPs immediately flanking and including the RUNX1 binding site, and for three SNPs in the RAPTOR gene. RESULTS Here we report further evidence for linkage to distal chromosome 17q, with a linkage peak mapping 1.7 cM distal to the RUNX1 binding site (logarithm of the odds 2.26 to 2.73, depending upon statistic used). However, we found no evidence for association to individual SNPs or haplotypes in either of the previously identified peaks of association. Power analysis demonstrated 80% power to detect significant association at genotype relative risks of 1.2 (additive and multiplicative models) to 1.5 (dominant and recessive models) for the RUNX1 binding site, and 1.3 to 1.4 for the RAPTOR locus under all models except dominant. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide no support for the previously identified RUNX1 binding site or for the RAPTOR locus as genetic determinants of psoriasis, despite evidence for linkage of psoriasis to distal chromosome 17q.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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