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Di Carlo F, Pettorruso M, Santorelli M, Cocciolillo F, d'Andrea G, Di Nicola M, Sensi SS, Martinotti G, Grant JE, Camardese G, Di Giuda D. Linking Striatal Dopaminergic Asymmetry with Personality Traits: Insights from Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10311-9. [PMID: 38755422 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of gambling disorder (GD) remains incompletely understood, with disparate research findings concerning presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and dopaminergic synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate potential correlations between striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) lateralization and asymmetry index, as assessed by 123I-FP-CIT SPECT, and temperamental traits, as measured by Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in GD subjects. Significant associations were found between DAT binding asymmetries in the caudate and putamen and the temperamental dimensions of harm avoidance and novelty seeking. Specifically, high novelty seeking scores correlated with increased DAT binding in the left caudate relative to the right, whereas higher harm avoidance scores corresponded to increased DAT binding in the right putamen relative to the left. These observations potentially imply that the asymmetry in DAT expression in the basal ganglia could be an outcome of hemispheric asymmetry in emotional processing and behavioural guidance. In summary, our study provides evidence supporting the relationship between DAT asymmetries, temperamental dimensions and GD. Future investigations could be directed towards examining postsynaptic receptors to gain a more comprehensive understanding of dopamine's influence within the basal ganglia circuit in disordered gambling. If confirmed in larger cohorts, these findings could have substantial implications for the tailoring of individualized neuromodulation therapies in the treatment of behavioural addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mario Santorelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cocciolillo
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo d'Andrea
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano S Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology - CAST, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Giovanni Camardese
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Giuda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Leplow B, Renftle D, Thomas M, Michaelis K, Solbrig S, Maetzler W, Berg D, Liepelt-Scarfone I. Characteristics of behavioural addiction in Parkinson's disease patients with self-reported impulse control disorder and controls matched for levodopa equivalent dose: a matched case-control study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:125-133. [PMID: 36662280 PMCID: PMC9902415 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) frequently occur, not always as a direct consequence of dopaminergic medication. This study investigated premorbid personality traits and behavioural characteristics in non-demented PD patients with self-reported symptoms of ICD (PD-srICD). From a total of 200 non-demented PD patients who filled out questionnaires assessing symptoms and severity of ICD, those were classified as PD-srICD (n = 32) who reported current occurrence of at least one compulsive behaviour (gambling, sexual behaviour, buying behaviour, or eating). As a control group, 32 patients with no self-reported ICD symptoms were matched for levodopa equivalent daily dose. The demographic, clinical, and premorbid personality profiles were compared between both groups. Frequency of psychological characteristics indicating substance use disorder was evaluated in patients with PD-srICD. Patients with PD-srICD were more frequently male, younger at examination, had earlier PD onset, more depression, higher non-motor burden, less quality of life (p < 0.05, respectively), and more frequently reported premorbid sensation seeking/novelty orientation (p = 0.03) and joyful experience of stress (p = 0.04) than patients in the control group. Of patients with PD-srICD, 90.6% reported at least one behavioural characteristic of substance use disorder, most frequently positive expectations following ICD behaviour and illusional beliefs about its behavioural control. Signs of addiction were common among patients with PD-srICD. Therefore, the profile of psychological characteristics in patients with PD-srICD resembled that of patients with substance use disorder. It can be concluded that dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) alone does not account for PD-srICD and that thorough psychological diagnostics are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Leplow
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Str. 26-27, Halle, 06108, Germany.
| | - Daniela Renftle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mareike Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Str. 26-27, Halle, 06108 Germany
| | - Katja Michaelis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Solbrig
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,IB Hochschule für Gesundheit und Soziales, Stuttgart, Germany
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Boussac M, Arbus C, Colin O, Laurencin C, Eusebio A, Hainque E, Corvol JC, Versace N, Rascol O, Rousseau V, Harroch E, Ory-Magne F, Fabbri M, Moreau C, Rolland AS, Jarraya B, Maltête D, Drapier S, Marques AR, Auzou N, Wirth T, Meyer M, Giordana B, Tir M, Rouaud T, Devos D, Brefel-Courbon C. Personality assessment with Temperament and Character Inventory in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 103:34-41. [PMID: 36030666 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing interest in personality evaluation in Parkinson's disease (PD), following observations of specific temperaments in PD patients. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate personality dimensions from the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in a cohort of fluctuating PD patients considered for deep brain stimulation. METHODS Fluctuating PD patients from the PREDISTIM cohort were included. Description of TCI dimensions and comparison with a French normative cohort were performed. Pearson correlations between TCI dimensions and motor, behavioral and cognitive variables were investigated. Structural and internal consistency analysis of the TCI were further assessed. RESULTS The 570 PD patients presented significant higher scores in Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and significant lower scores in Self-Transcendence compared to the French normative cohort; only Novelty Seeking scores were not different. Harm Avoidance and Self-directedness scores were correlated with PDQ-39 total, HAMD, HAMA scores, and anxiolytic/antidepressant treatment. Novelty Seeking scores were correlated with impulsivity. Pearson correlations between TCI dimensions, principal component analysis of TCI sub-dimensions and Cronbach's alpha coefficients showed adequate psychometric proprieties. CONCLUSION The TCI seems to be an adequate tool to evaluate personality dimensions in PD with good structural and internal consistencies. These fluctuating PD patients also have specific personality dimensions compared to normative French population. Moreover, Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness scores are associated with anxio-depressive state or quality of life and, and Novelty Seeking scores with impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Boussac
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France.
| | - Christophe Arbus
- Psychiatry Department of the University Hospital of Toulouse, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Colin
- Service de neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de Brive-la-Gaillarde, France; Centre Expert Parkinson, CHU de Limoges, France
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- Service de neurologie C - Hôpital Neurologique - 59 boulevard Pinel 69003 Lyon - Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Aix Marseille Université, AP-HM, Hôpital de La Timone, Service de Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, and UMR CNRS 7289, Institut de Neuroscience de La Timone, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Hainque
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; et Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Corvol
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; et Faculté de Médecine de Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and Institut du Cerveau, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Versace
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Vanessa Rousseau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Estelle Harroch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Fabienne Ory-Magne
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Margherita Fabbri
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent Center of Parkinson's disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Licend, Lille, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent Center of Parkinson's disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Licend, Lille, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Béchir Jarraya
- Service de Neurologie, Unité des Mouvements Anormaux, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France; Université de Versailles Paris-Saclay, INSERM U992, CEA Neurospin, Saclay, France
| | - David Maltête
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital and University of Rouen, France; INSERM U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Drapier
- Service de neurologie, CHU Rennes, CIC INSERM, 1414, Rennes, France
| | - Ana-Raquel Marques
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Neurology department, France
| | - Nicolas Auzou
- Institut des Maladies neurodégénératives, Pôle des neurosciences cliniques, CHU Bordeaux, France; Service de neurophysiologie clinique de l'enfant et de l'adulte, Pôle des neurosciences cliniques, CHU Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM-U964/CNRSUMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mylène Meyer
- Neurology Department of the University Hospital of Nancy, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Giordana
- CHU Nice, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Nice, France
| | - Mélissa Tir
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Expert Centre for Parkinson's disease, Amiens University Hospital, EA 4559 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologie (LNFP) Université de Picardie Jules Verne, University of Picardy Jules Verne (UPJV), NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, Amiens, France
| | - Tiphaine Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Expert Centre for Parkinson's Disease, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Referent Center of Parkinson's disease, CHU of Lille, Univ. Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm, UMR-S1172, Licend, Lille, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Parkinson Expert Center, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1436, University Hospital of Toulouse, NeuroToul COEN (Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration), Toulouse, NS-PARK/FCRIN Network, France
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Sieurin J, Zhan Y, Pedersen NL, Wirdefeldt K. Neuroticism, Smoking, and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1325-1334. [PMID: 34024779 PMCID: PMC8461727 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The relationship among neuroticism, smoking, and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is less examined. Objective: To examine the causal associations between neuroticism, smoking initiation, and the risk of PD. Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design in a network framework. Summary statistics from meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were based on large cohorts of European ancestry. Study participants were from various cohort studies for neuroticism and smoking initiation, and case-control studies or cohort studies of PD from previously published GWAS meta-analyses. Patients with PD were ascertained from either clinical visit or self-reported. Results: The two-sample MR analysis showed no evidence for a causal association between neuroticism and PD risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.86, 95%confidence intervals [CIs] 0.67 to 1.12). While we did not find a significant association between neuroticism and PD, one SNP, rs58879558 (located in MAPT region), was associated with both neuroticism and PD. We found a significant association of neuroticism on smoking initiation (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.05 to 1.14). Further, our results provided evidence for a protective effect of smoking initiation on the risk of PD (OR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.62 to 0.91). Conclusion: These findings do not support a causal association of neuroticism on PD risk. However, they provide evidence for a causal relationship between neuroticism and smoking initiation and a strong causal effect of smoking initiation on a reduced risk of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sieurin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ulm Germany
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Intrinsic motivation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a neuropsychological investigation of curiosity using dopamine transporter imaging. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3349-3356. [PMID: 33411194 PMCID: PMC8342369 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are believed to involve brain regions that are innervated by the dopaminergic pathway. Although dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain deteriorate in Parkinson's disease (PD), it remains unclear whether intrinsic motivation is impaired in PD patients. To address this issue, we investigated intrinsic motivation in PD patients using a task designed to assess the "Pandora effect," which constitutes a curiosity for resolving uncertainty, even if this curiosity is likely to result in negative consequences. Twenty-seven PD patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) completed a curiosity task in which they were required to decide either to view or skip negative pictures (e.g., snakes, spiders) and an examination battery that included the Mini-Mental State Examination, a verbal fluency test, the Trail Making Test, 10-word recall tests, and questionnaires for behavioral inhibition/activation and depression. DaTSCAN images to assess the distribution of dopamine transporters in the striatum were acquired only from PD patients. The results revealed that PD patients, relative to the HCs, viewed the pictures less frequently under both the certain and uncertain conditions. However, both the PD patients and HCs viewed the pictures at a higher frequency under the uncertain condition than under the certain condition. In the PD patients, the proportion of pictures viewed under the certain condition was positively correlated with the distribution of dopamine transporters in the striatum. These results suggest that despite the overall decreasing level of interest in viewing negative pictures, the motivation to resolve uncertainty is relatively intact in PD patients.
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Holloway ZR, Paige NB, Comstock JF, Nolen HG, Sable HJ, Lester DB. Cerebellar Modulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission Is Functionally Asymmetrical. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 18:922-931. [PMID: 31478166 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres are known to be asymmetrical in structure and function, and previous literature supports that asymmetry extends to the neural dopamine systems. Using in vivo fixed potential amperometry with carbon fiber microelectrodes in anesthetized mice, the current study assessed hemispheric lateralization of stimulation-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the influence of the cerebellum in regulating this reward-associated pathway. Our results suggest that cerebellar output can modulate mesolimbic dopamine transmission, and this modulation contributes to asymmetrically lateralized dopamine release. Dopamine release did not differ between hemispheres when evoked by medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation; however, dopamine release was significantly greater in the right NAc relative to the left when evoked by electrical stimulation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus (DN). Furthermore, cross-hemispheric talk between the left and right cerebellar DN does not seem to influence mesolimbic release given that lidocaine infused into the DN opposite to the stimulated DN did not alter release. These studies may provide a neurochemical mechanism for studies identifying the cerebellum as a relevant node for reward, motivational behavior, saliency, and inhibitory control. An increased understanding of the lateralization of dopaminergic systems may reveal novel targets for pharmacological interventions in neuropathology of the cerebellum and extending projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zade R Holloway
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Nick B Paige
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Josiah F Comstock
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Hunter G Nolen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Helen J Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA
| | - Deranda B Lester
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152-3520, USA.
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Individual differences in dopamine D 2 receptor availability correlate with reward valuation. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:739-747. [PMID: 29725947 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reward valuation, which underlies all value-based decision-making, has been associated with dopamine function in many studies of nonhuman animals, but there is relatively less direct evidence for an association in humans. Here, we measured dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) availability in vivo in humans to examine relations between individual differences in dopamine receptor availability and neural activity associated with a measure of reward valuation, expected value (i.e., the product of reward magnitude and the probability of obtaining the reward). Fourteen healthy adult subjects underwent PET with [18F]fallypride, a radiotracer with strong affinity for DRD2, and fMRI (on a separate day) while performing a reward valuation task. [18F]fallypride binding potential, reflecting DRD2 availability, in the midbrain correlated positively with neural activity associated with expected value, specifically in the left ventral striatum/caudate. The present results provide in vivo evidence from humans showing midbrain dopamine characteristics are associated with reward valuation.
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Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Implications of large-sample neuroimaging studies of creativity measured by divergent thinking. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dogan B, Akyol A, Memis CO, Sair A, Akyildiz U, Sevincok L. The relationship between temperament and depression in Parkinson's disease patients under dopaminergic treatment. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19:73-79. [PMID: 30141277 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) under dopaminergic drug treatment are unclear. In this study, we examined whether some temperament traits are related to the presence of comorbid depression in PD patients, independent of the characteristics of illness and drug treatment. METHODS The participants in this study were 74 patients with idiopathic PD who were already treated with stable doses of levodopa or dopamine agonists. Depressive (n = 20) and non-depressive (n = 52) PD patients were assessed by means of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto-questionnaire. The doses of levodopa and dopamine agonists were converted into levodopa equivalent daily dose. RESULTS The duration of treatment in the depressive group was significantly longer than in the non-depressive group (P = 0.03). The depressive patients had significantly higher scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale than the non-depressive patients. Depressive (P < 0.0001), cyclothymic (P < 0.0001), anxious (P < 0.0001), and irritable (P = 0.02) temperament scores were significantly higher in depressive than in non-depressive patients. Hyperthymia scores were significantly higher in non-depressive patients than in depressive patients (P = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that depressive temperament traits (P = 0.03) significantly predicted the diagnosis of depression. In contrast, hyperthymic temperament seemed to be associated with the absence of depression (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the severity of PD and duration of dopaminergic treatment were not predictive of the development of depression in PD patients. Depressive temperament strongly predicted the development of depression in our sample. Hyperthymic temperament seemed to be associated with patients without depression. We suggest that depressive temperament traits seem to be related to depression, while hyperthymic temperament may have a protective role in the risk of depression in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Dogan
- Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ali Akyol
- Department of Neurology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Cagdas O Memis
- Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sair
- Department of Neurology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Utku Akyildiz
- Department of Neurology, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Levent Sevincok
- Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Cerasa A. Re-examining the Parkinsonian Personality hypothesis: A systematic review. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chagraoui A, Boukhzar L, Thibaut F, Anouar Y, Maltête D. The pathophysiological mechanisms of motivational deficits in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:138-152. [PMID: 29097256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that leads to disabling motor symptoms and a wide variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Apathy is the most common psychiatric disorder in the early stages of untreated PD and can be defined as a hypodopaminergic syndrome, which also includes anxiety and depression. Apathy is also considered the core feature of the parkinsonian triad (apathy, anxiety and depression) of behavioural non-motor signs, including a motivational deficit. Moreover, apathy is recognised as a distinct chronic neuropsychiatric behavioural disorder based on specific diagnostic criteria. Given the prevalence of apathy in approximately 40% of the general Parkinson's disease population, this appears to be a contributing factor to dementia in PD; also, apathy symptoms are factors that potentially contribute to morbidity, leading to a major impairment of health-related quality of life, thus stressing the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of this disease. Several studies have clearly established a prominent role for DA-mediated signals in PD apathy. However, synergistic interaction between dopaminergic impairment resulting from the neurodegenerative process and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may cause or exacerbate apathy. Furthermore, serotoninergic mechanism signalling is also likely to be of importance in this pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chagraoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France.; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - L Boukhzar
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - F Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cochin (site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes and INSERM U 894 Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Y Anouar
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - D Maltête
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Santangelo G, Garramone F, Baiano C, D'Iorio A, Piscopo F, Raimo S, Vitale C. Personality and Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 49:67-74. [PMID: 29358028 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personality changes are considered pre-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cross-sectional studies revealed that PD patients were more introvert, apprehensive, and cautious than healthy subjects (HS), whereas other studies failed to disclose these behavioural traits. Some studies found mixed results concerning Novelty Seeking (NS) and Harm Avoidance (HA) profiles in PD patients. To better clarify the personality profile in PD we performed a meta-analysis on studies exploring such topic according to both Cloninger's Psychobiological Model (PM) and Big Five Model (BFM) METHODS: The meta-analysis included 17 studies evaluating the personality in PD patients compared with HS. The outcomes were the dimensions of the temperament and character of the PM and personality traits of BFM. Effect sizes from data reported in the primary studies were computed using Hedges'g unbiased approach. Heterogeneity among the studies and publication bias were assessed. Meta-regressions were conducted with age at evaluation, gender, schooling, and type of personality trait tools as moderators. RESULTS As for PM, PD patients scored higher on HA and lower on NS than HS. No difference was found on Reward Dependence, Perseverance/Persistence and on character level. As for BFM, higher levels of Neuroticism, but lower levels of Openness and Extraversion were associated with PD. DISCUSSION The personality profile in PD is characterized by high Neuroticism and HA, and by low Openness, Extraversion and NS. The personality profile delineated in the present study on PD patients seems to reflect the premorbid one and might contribute to development and persistence of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Federica Garramone
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alfonsina D'Iorio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fausta Piscopo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University "Parthenope", Naples, Italy; Institute of Diagnosis and Health, IDC-Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
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14
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Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Mean Diffusivity in the Dopaminergic System and Neural Differences Related to Dopaminergic System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:460-474. [PMID: 29119929 PMCID: PMC6018195 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171109124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mean diffusivity (MD) parameter obtained by diffusion tensor imaging provides a measure of how freely water molecules move in brain tissue. Greater tissue density conferred by closely arrayed cellular structures is assumed to lower MD by inhibiting the free diffusion of water molecules. METHODS In this paper, we review studies showing MD variation among regions of the brain dopaminergic system (MDDS), especially subcortical structures such as the putamen, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus, in different conditions with known associations to dopaminergic system function or dysfunction. The methodologies and background related to MD and MDDS are also discussed. RESULTS Past studies indicate that MDDS is sensitive to pathological derangement of dopaminergic activity, neural changes caused by cognitive and pharmacological interventions that are known to affect the dopaminergic system, and individual character traits related to dopaminergic function. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MDDS can be one useful tool to tap the neural differences related to the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, IDAC, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Tel/Fax: +81-22-717-7988;, E-mail:
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15
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Lhommée E, Boyer F, Wack M, Pélissier P, Klinger H, Schmitt E, Bichon A, Fraix V, Chabardès S, Mertens P, Castrioto A, Kistner A, Broussolle E, Thobois S, Krack P. Personality, dopamine, and Parkinson's disease: Insights from subthalamic stimulation. Mov Disord 2017. [PMID: 28643887 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subthalamic stimulation improves the motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, the impact of this treatment on impulse control and personality is the subject of heavy debate. The objective of this study was to investigate personality changes after subthalamic stimulation. METHODS Using Cloninger's biosocial model, we assessed personality in 73 Parkinson's disease patients before and 12 months after subthalamic stimulation accompanied by a drastic reduction in dopaminergic medication. Changes in psychobehavioral symptoms were measured using a battery of validated clinical scales (apathy, depression, anxiety, hyperemotionality, mania, psychosis, punding, and impulse control behaviors). RESULTS One year after surgery, the harm avoidance personality domain total score increased compared with the baseline (+2.8; 34 patients; P < 0.001), as did 3 of its 4 subdomains: anticipatory worry (+0.7; 10 patients; P = 0.005), shyness (+0.6; 7 patients; P = 0.03), and fatigability (+1.1; 10 patients; P = 0.0014). Evolution of the shyness personality trait correlated with the decrease in dopaminergic medication. Total scores in the other personality domains remained unchanged, except for extravagance, a subdomain of novelty seeking, and persistence, a subdomain of reward dependence, which both decreased following surgery (-0.3; 7 patients; and -0.6; 9 patients; P = 0.03 and P = 0.0019, respectively). Although apathy increased, other psychobehavioral symptoms, including impulse control behaviors and neuropsychiatric nonmotor fluctuations, improved. Depression and anhedonia remained stable. Scores in hypodopaminergia and neuropsychiatric nonmotor OFF correlated with harm avoidance. Scores in hyperdopaminergia and neuropsychiatric nonmotor ON correlated with novelty seeking. CONCLUSIONS When subthalamic stimulation is applied in Parkinson's disease, significant changes in personality traits are observed, which may be related to postoperative tapering of dopaminergic treatment. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Lhommée
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - François Boyer
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Wack
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Service d'épidémiologie et évaluation cliniques, CHU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Pélissier
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Klinger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Neurologie C, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuelle Schmitt
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Amélie Bichon
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Fraix
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphan Chabardès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,Department of neurosurgery, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Mertens
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Neurochirurgie A, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Castrioto
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Kistner
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Broussolle
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Neurologie C, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Bron, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Neurologie C, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Bron, France
| | - Paul Krack
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1216, Grenoble, France.,Present address: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Faculty University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Gvirts HZ, Mayseless N, Segev A, Lewis DY, Feffer K, Barnea Y, Bloch Y, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Novelty-seeking trait predicts the effect of methylphenidate on creativity. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:599-605. [PMID: 27624151 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116667703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years the use of psychostimulants for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals with no psychiatric disorders has been on the rise. However, it is still unclear whether psychostimulants improve certain cognitive functions at the cost of others, and how these psychostimulants interact with individual personality differences. In the current study, we investigated whether the effect of one common stimulant, methylphenidate (MPH), on creativity is associated with novelty seeking. Thirty-six healthy adults, without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomology, were assigned randomly in a double-blind fashion to receive MPH or placebo. We found that the effect of MPH on creativity was dependent on novelty-seeking (NS) personality characteristics of the participants. MPH increased creativity in individuals with lower NS, while it reduced creativity levels in individuals with high NS. These findings highlight the role of the dopaminergic system in creativity, and indicate that among healthy individuals NS can be seen as a predictor of the effect of MPH on creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Z Gvirts
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Mayseless
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviv Segev
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Yael Lewis
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kfir Feffer
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Barnea
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Bloch
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Care Center, Hod-Hasharon, affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Personality in Parkinson's disease: Clinical, behavioural and cognitive correlates. J Neurol Sci 2017; 374:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Parkinsonian motor impairment predicts personality domains related to genetic risk and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:16036. [PMID: 28127577 PMCID: PMC5226082 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Identifying endophenotypes of schizophrenia is of critical importance and has profound implications on clinical practice. Here we propose an innovative approach to clarify the mechanims through which temperament and character deviance relates to risk for schizophrenia and predict long-term treatment outcomes. We recruited 61 antipsychotic naïve subjects with chronic schizophrenia, 99 unaffected relatives, and 68 healthy controls from rural communities in the Central Andes. Diagnosis was ascertained with the Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry; parkinsonian motor impairment was measured with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; mesencephalic parenchyma was evaluated with transcranial ultrasound; and personality traits were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Ten-year outcome data was available for ~40% of the index cases. Patients with schizophrenia had higher harm avoidance and self-transcendence (ST), and lower reward dependence (RD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-directedness (SD). Unaffected relatives had higher ST and lower CO and SD. Parkinsonism reliably predicted RD, CO, and SD after correcting for age and sex. The average duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was over 5 years. Further, SD was anticorrelated with DUP and antipsychotic dosing at follow-up. Baseline DUP was related to antipsychotic dose-years. Further, ‘explosive/borderline’, ‘methodical/obsessive’, and ‘disorganized/schizotypal’ personality profiles were associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. Parkinsonism predicts core personality features and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. Our study suggests that RD, CO, and SD are endophenotypes of the disease that may, in part, be mediated by dopaminergic function. Further, SD is an important determinant of treatment course and outcome.
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19
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Gordon HW. Laterality of Brain Activation for Risk Factors of Addiction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:1-18. [PMID: 26674074 PMCID: PMC4811731 DOI: 10.2174/1874473709666151217121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Laterality of brain activation is reported for tests of risk factors of addiction - impulsivity and craving - but authors rarely address the potential significance of those asymmetries. Objective:
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate this laterality and discuss its relevance to cognitive and neurophysiological asymmetries associated with drug abuse vulnerability in order to provide new insights for future research in drug abuse. Method:
From published reports, brain areas of activation for two tests of response inhibition or craving for drugs of abuse were compiled from fMRI activation peaks and were tabulated for eight sections (octants) in each hemisphere. Percent asymmetries were calculated (R-L/R+L) across studies for each area. Results:
For impulsivity, most activation peaks favored the right hemisphere. Overall, the percent difference was 32% (Χ2 = 16.026; p < 0.0001) with the greater asymmetry for anterior peaks (46.8%; Χ2 = 17.329; p < 0.0001). The asymmetries for cue-induced craving were opposite, favoring the left hemisphere by 6.7% (Χ2 = 4.028; p < 0.05). The consistency of left asymmetry was found for almost all drugs. For nicotine, studies where subjects were not allowed to smoke (deprived) prior to measurement had the same left hemisphere activation but those who smoked (satiated) before the fMRI measure showed right asymmetry. Conclusion:
Brain activation studies demonstrate different left/right hemispheric contributions for impulsivity versus craving - factors related to addiction. Failure to take laterality into consideration is a missed opportunity in designing studies and gaining insight into the etiology of drug abuse and pathways for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Gordon
- Epidemiology Research Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention Research (DESPR), National Institute on Drug Abuse, The Neuroscience Center, Room 5151, 6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-9593, USA.
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20
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Harris E, McNamara P, Durso R. Possible selves in patients with right- versus left-onset Parkinson’s disease. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2016; 24:198-215. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2016.1178211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Yildirim BO, Derksen JJL. Mesocorticolimbic dopamine functioning in primary psychopathy: A source of within-group heterogeneity. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:633-77. [PMID: 26277034 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite similar emotional deficiencies, primary psychopathic individuals can be situated on a continuum that spans from controlled to disinhibited. The constructs on which primary psychopaths are found to diverge, such as self-control, cognitive flexibility, and executive functioning, are crucially regulated by dopamine (DA). As such, the goal of this review is to examine which specific alterations in the meso-cortico-limbic DA system and corresponding genes (e.g., TH, DAT, COMT, DRD2, DRD4) might bias development towards a more controlled or disinhibited expression of primary psychopathy. Based on empirical data, it is argued that primary psychopathy is generally related to a higher tonic and population activity of striatal DA neurons and lower levels of D2-type DA receptors in meso-cortico-limbic projections, which may boost motivational drive towards incentive-laden goals, dampen punishment sensitivity, and increase future reward-expectancy. However, increasingly higher levels of DA activity in the striatum (moderate versus pathological elevations), lower levels of DA functionality in the prefrontal cortex, and higher D1-to-D2-type receptor ratios in meso-cortico-limbic projections may lead to increasingly disinhibited and impetuous phenotypes of primary psychopathy. Finally, in order to provide a more coherent view on etiological mechanisms, we discuss interactions between DA and serotonin that are relevant for primary psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş O Yildirim
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, De Kluyskamp 1002, 6545 JD Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Room: A.07.04B, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Gao J, Zhu N, Feng M, Meng X, Sui N. Intra-nucleus-accumbens SKF38393 improved the impaired acquisition of morphine-conditioned place preference in depression-like rats. Psych J 2015; 1:2-14. [PMID: 26272664 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the globus pallidus (GP) is important for the interaction between depression and addiction, with D1- and D2-like receptors playing different roles. Here, we address the effect of depression on morphine reward and its underlying D1- and D2-like effects in the NAc and/or the GP. Novelty-seeking behaviors and the forced open-space swimming test were used to assess a depression-like state in rats that had undergone chronic mild restraint. Depression-like rats were then trained with morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP, 3 mg/kg, 4 days), and showed impaired acquisition of the CPP compared with controls. To examine the receptor-specific dopaminergic mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we microinjected the D1-like agonist SKF38393 (1 μg/side) or the D2-like agonist quinpirole (1 μg/side) into the NAc or the GP. The impairment in acquisition of CPP was reversed only by injecting the D1- but not the D2-like agonist in the NAc. These results suggest that enhancement of dopaminergic transmission in the NAc (via D1-like receptors) may be effective in recovering impaired reward learning during a depression-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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McNamara P, Giordano M, Butler PM. On historical consciousness: A pilot investigation. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2015.1065315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Marconi S, Scarlatti F, Rizzo G, Antelmi E, Innamorati M, Pompili M, Brugnoli R, Belvederi Murri M, Amore M, Provini F. Is nocturnal eating in restless legs syndrome linked to a specific psychopathological profile? A pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1563-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Costa A, Caltagirone C. Individual differences in approach-avoidance aptitude: some clues from research on Parkinson's disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:43. [PMID: 25852500 PMCID: PMC4371695 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approach and avoidance are two basic behavioral aptitudes of humans whose correct balance is critical for successful adaptation to the environment. As the expression of approach and avoidance tendencies may differ significantly between healthy individuals, different psychobiological factors have been posited to account for such variability. In this regard, two main issues are still open that refers to (i) the role played by dopamine neurotransmission; and (ii) the possible influence of cognitive characteristics, particularly executive functioning. The aim of the present paper was to highlight the contribution of research on Parkinson's disease (PD) to our understanding of the above issues. In particular, we here reviewed PD literature to clarify whether neurobiological and neuropsychological modifications due to PD are associated to changes in approach-avoidance related personality features. Available data indicate that PD patients may show and approach-avoidance imbalance as documented by lower novelty-seeking and higher harm-avoidance behaviors, possibly suggesting a relationship with neurobiological and neurocognitive PD-related changes. However, the literature that directly investigated this issue is still sparse and much more work is needed to better clarify it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Costa
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Rome University Tor Vergata Rome, Italy
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Oberlin BG, Dzemidzic M, Tran SM, Soeurt CM, O’Connor SJ, Yoder KK, Kareken DA. Beer self-administration provokes lateralized nucleus accumbens dopamine release in male heavy drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:861-70. [PMID: 25163422 PMCID: PMC4326548 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although striatal dopamine (DA) is important in alcohol abuse, the nature of DA release during actual alcohol drinking is unclear, since drinking includes self-administration of both conditioned flavor stimuli (CS) of the alcoholic beverage and subsequent intoxication, the unconditioned stimulus (US). OBJECTIVES Here, we used a novel self-administration analog to distinguish nucleus accumbens (NAcc) DA responses specific to the CS and US. METHODS Right-handed male heavy drinkers (n = 26) received three positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the D2/D3 radioligand [(11)C]raclopride (RAC) and performed a pseudo self-administration task that separately administered a flavor CS of either a habitually consumed beer or the appetitive control Gatorade®, concomitant with the US of ethanol intoxication (0.06 g/dL intravenous (IV) administration) or IV saline. Scan conditions were Gatorade flavor + saline (Gat&Sal), Gatorade flavor + ethanol (Gat&Eth), and beer flavor + ethanol (Beer&Eth). RESULTS Ethanol (US) reduced RAC binding (inferring DA release) in the left (L) NAcc [Gat&Sal > Gat&Eth]. Beer flavor (CS) increased DA in the right (R) NAcc [Gat&Eth > Beer&Eth]. The combination of beer flavor and ethanol (CS + US), [Gat&Sal > Beer&Eth], induced DA release in bilateral NAcc. Self-reported intoxication during scanning correlated with L NAcc DA release. Relative to saline, infusion of ethanol increased alcoholic drink wanting. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest lateralized DA function in the NAcc, with L NAcc DA release most reflecting intoxication, R NAcc DA release most reflecting the flavor CS, and the conjoint CS + US producing a bilateral NAcc response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Gregg Oberlin
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSOM
| | - Stella Maria Tran
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christina Marie Soeurt
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sean Joseph O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, IUSOM,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karmen Kay Yoder
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSOM,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSOM,Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - David Alexander Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSOM), Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, IUSOM,Department of Psychiatry, IUSOM,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, IUSOM
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27
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Díaz-Santos M, Cao B, Yazdanbakhsh A, Norton DJ, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A. Perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidity in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2015; 69:183-93. [PMID: 25640973 PMCID: PMC4344854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor and non-motor rigidity symptoms (e.g., cognitive and personality). The question is raised as to whether rigidity in PD also extends to perception, and if so, whether perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidities are correlated. Bistable stimuli were presented to 28 non-demented individuals with PD and 26 normal control adults (NC). Necker cube perception and binocular rivalry were examined during passive viewing, and the Necker cube was additionally used for two volitional-control conditions: Hold one percept in front, and Switch between the two percepts. Relative to passive viewing, PD were significantly less able than NC to reduce dominance durations in the Switch condition, indicating perceptual rigidity. Tests of cognitive flexibility and a personality questionnaire were administered to explore the association with perceptual rigidity. Cognitive flexibility was not correlated with perceptual rigidity for either group. Personality (novelty seeking) correlated with dominance durations on Necker passive viewing for PD but not NC. The results indicate the presence in mild-moderate PD of perceptual rigidity and suggest shared neural substrates with novelty seeking, but functional divergence from those supporting cognitive flexibility. The possibility is raised that perceptual rigidity may be a harbinger of cognitive inflexibility later in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Díaz-Santos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bo Cao
- Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel J Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sandy Neargarder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Psychology, Hart Hall, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA.
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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28
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Sekiguchi A, Hashizume H, Nouchi R, Sassa Y, Kotozaki Y, Miyauchi CM, Yokoyama R, Iizuka K, Nakagawa S, Nagase T, Kunitoki K, Kawashima R. Mean diffusivity of globus pallidus associated with verbal creativity measured by divergent thinking and creativity-related temperaments in young healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:1808-27. [PMID: 25627674 PMCID: PMC5024049 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations revealed mean diffusivity (MD) in gray matter and white matter areas is correlated with individual cognitive differences in healthy subjects and show unique properties and sensitivity that other neuroimaging tools donot have. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the MD in the dopaminergic system is associated with individual differences in verbal creativity measured by divergent thinking (VCDT) and novelty seeking based on prior studies suggesting associations between these and dopaminergic functions. We examined this issue in a large sample of right‐handed healthy young adults. We used analyses of MD and a psychological measure of VCDT, as well as personality measures of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Our results revealed associations between higher VCDT and lower MD in the bilateral globus pallidus. Furthermore, not only higher novelty seeking, but also lower harm avoidance, higher self‐directedness, and higher self‐transcendence were robustly associated with lower MD in the right globus pallidus, whereas higher persistence was associated with lower MD in the left globus pallidus. These personality variables were also associated with VCDT. The globus pallidus receives the dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra and plays a key role in motivation which is critically linked to dopamine. These results suggested the MD in the globus pallidus, underlie the association between VCDT and multiple personalities in TCI including novelty seeking. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1808–1827, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Lewis CJ, Maier F, Horstkötter N, Zywczok A, Witt K, Eggers C, Meyer TD, Dembek TA, Maarouf M, Moro E, Zurowski M, Woopen C, Kuhn J, Timmermann L. Subjectively perceived personality and mood changes associated with subthalamic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Psychol Med 2015; 45:73-85. [PMID: 25066623 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and ethical implications of personality and mood changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are under debate. Although subjectively perceived personality changes are often mentioned by patients and caregivers, few empirical studies concerning these changes exist. Therefore, we analysed subjectively perceived personality and mood changes in STN-DBS PD patients. METHOD In this prospective study of the ELSA-DBS group, 27 PD patients were assessed preoperatively and 1 year after STN-DBS surgery. Two categories, personality and mood changes, were analysed with semi-structured interviews. Patients were grouped into personality change yes/no, as well as positive/negative mood change groups. Caregivers were additionally interviewed about patients' personality changes. Characteristics of each group were assessed with standard neurological and psychiatric measurements. Predictors for changes were analysed. RESULTS Personality changes were perceived by six of 27 (22%) patients and by 10 of 23 caregivers (44%). The preoperative hypomania trait was a significant predictor for personality change perceived by patients. Of 21 patients, 12 (57%) perceived mood as positively changed. Higher apathy and anxiety ratings were found in the negative change group. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a high proportion of PD patients and caregivers perceived personality changes under STN-DBS, emphasizing the relevance of this topic. Mood changed in positive and negative directions. Standard measurement scales failed to adequately reflect personality or mood changes subjectively perceived by patients. A more individualized preoperative screening and preparation for patients and caregivers, as well as postoperative support, could therefore be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lewis
- Department of Neurology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - F Maier
- Department of Neurology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - N Horstkötter
- Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - A Zywczok
- Department of Neurology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - K Witt
- Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - C Eggers
- Department of Neurology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - T D Meyer
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - T A Dembek
- Department of Neurology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - M Maarouf
- Department of Stereotaxy and Functional Neurosurgery,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - E Moro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology,University Hospital Center (CHU) of Grenoble,Grenoble,France
| | - M Zurowski
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Toronto, University Health Network,Toronto,Canada
| | - C Woopen
- Research Unit Ethics, Institute for the History of Medicine and Medical Ethics,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - J Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
| | - L Timmermann
- Department of Neurology,University of Cologne,Cologne,Germany
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30
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Altunayoglu Cakmak V, Gazioglu S, Can Usta N, Ozkorumak E, Ayar A, Topbas M, Boz C. Evaluation of temperament and character features as risk factors for depressive symptoms in patients with restless legs syndrome. J Clin Neurol 2014; 10:320-7. [PMID: 25324881 PMCID: PMC4198713 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related movement disorder that is frequently associated with psychological disturbances. Personality traits are of considerable importance with respect to coping with chronic illness and disease vulnerability. This study assessed the temperament and character traits of RLS patients using an approach that involves the psychobiological model of personality. METHODS The personality features of 65 newly diagnosed and untreated RLS patients with no neurological or psychiatric diseases and 109 healthy controls were determined using the Temperament and Character Inventory and compared using covariance analyses. The International RLS Study Group Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the RLS symptoms, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. RESULTS RLS patients scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the temperament dimension of harm avoidance (HA, p=0.02) and significantly lower on self-directedness (SD, p=0.001). No significant difference was observed in terms of the temperament dimension of novelty seeking (p=0.435). HA scores were significantly correlated with the BDI score but not with the RLS severity or duration. CONCLUSIONS High HA and low SD scores are the main characterizing personality features of RLS patients. These personality dimensions may be among the factors predisposing patients to development of the depressive symptoms that are frequently associated with RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibel Gazioglu
- Department of Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nuray Can Usta
- Department of Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Evrim Ozkorumak
- Department of Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ayar
- Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Murat Topbas
- Department of Public Health, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Cavit Boz
- Department of Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Trabzon, Turkey
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31
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Valdés EG, Andel R, Sieurin J, Feldman AL, Edwards JD, Långström N, Gatz M, Wirdefeldt K. Occupational complexity and risk of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106676. [PMID: 25198429 PMCID: PMC4157797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear, and environmental risk-factors such as occupation have attracted interest. Objective The goal was to investigate occupational complexity in relation to PD. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study based on the Swedish Twin Registry that included 28,778 twins born between 1886 and 1950. We identified 433 PD cases during the study period. Data on occupation were collected from either the 1970 or 1980 Swedish census, and occupational complexity was assessed via a job exposure matrix. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses with age as the underlying time scale were used to assess PD risk as a function of the three domains of occupational complexity: data, people, and things. Sex and smoking were included as covariates. Analyses stratified by twin pair were conducted to test for confounding by familial factors. Results High occupational complexity with data and people was associated with increased risk overall (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.14, and HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.21, respectively), and in men (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16, and HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.28, respectively). Complexity with things was not associated with risk of PD. When the analyses were stratified by twin pair, the HRs for occupational complexity with data and people were attenuated in men. Conclusions High complexity of work with data and people is related to increased risk of PD, particularly in men. The attenuation of risk observed in the twin pair-stratified analyses suggests that the association may partly be explained by familial factors, such as inherited traits contributing to occupational selection or other factors shared by twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G. Valdés
- University of South Florida, School of Aging Studies, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ross Andel
- University of South Florida, School of Aging Studies, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- St. Anne's University Hospital, International Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Johanna Sieurin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adina L. Feldman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerri D. Edwards
- University of South Florida, School of Aging Studies, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Niklas Långström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Hashizume H, Sekiguchi A, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Miyauchi CM, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Working memory training impacts the mean diffusivity in the dopaminergic system. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3101-11. [PMID: 25023736 PMCID: PMC4575686 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic transmission plays a critical role in working memory (WM). Mean diffusivity (MD) is a sensitive and unique neuroimaging tool for detecting microstructural differences particularly in the areas of the dopaminergic system. Despite previous investigation of the effects of WM training (WMT) on dopamine receptor binding potentials, the effects of WMT on MD remain unknown. In this study, we investigated these effects in young adult subjects who either underwent WMT or received no intervention for 4 weeks. Before and after the intervention or no-intervention periods, subjects underwent scanning sessions in diffusion-weighted imaging to measure MD. Compared with no intervention, WMT resulted in an increase in MD in the bilateral caudate, right putamen, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. Furthermore, the increase in performance on WMT tasks was significantly positively correlated with the mean increase in MD in the clusters of the left DLPFC and of the right ACC. These results suggest that WMT caused microstructural changes in the regions of the dopaminergic system in a way that is usually interpreted as a reduction in neural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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33
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Lee SY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Lu RB. Variation of types of alcoholism: review and subtypes identified in Han Chinese. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:36-40. [PMID: 24080236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism, as it has been hypothesized, is caused by a highly heterogeneous genetic load. Since 1960, many reports have used the bio-psycho-social approach to subtype alcoholism; however, no subtypes have been genetically validated. We reviewed and compared the major single-gene, multiple-gene, and gene-to-gene interaction studies on alcoholism published during the past quarter-century, including many recent studies that have made contributions to the subtyping of alcoholism. Four subtypes of alcoholism have been reported: [1] pure alcoholism, [2] anxiety/depression alcoholism, [3] antisocial alcoholism, and [4] mixed alcoholism. Most of the important studies focused on three genes: DRD2, MAOA, and ALDH2. Therefore, our review focuses on these three genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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34
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Sekiguchi A, Nouchi R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Miyauchi CM, Iizuka K, Yokoyama R, Shinada T, Yamamoto Y, Hanawa S, Araki T, Hashizume H, Kunitoki K, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Association of hair iron levels with creativity and psychological variables related to creativity. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:875. [PMID: 24385960 PMCID: PMC3866515 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Creativity generally involves the conception of original and valuable ideas. Previous studies have suggested an association between creativity and the dopaminergic system, and that physical activity facilitates creativity. Iron plays a key role in the dopaminergic system and physical activity. Here, we newly investigated the associations between hair iron levels and creativity, dopamine-related traits and states [novelty seeking, extraversion, and vigor (motivational state)], as well as the physical activity level. In the present study, we addressed this issue by performing a hair mineral analysis to determine iron levels and a behavioral creativity test of divergent thinking and related psychological measures among young adults (254 men, 88 women; mean age 20.79 ± 2.03 years). Iron levels did not show any significant association with creativity but displayed significant positive associations with novelty seeking, extraversion, and physical activity level. These results may be partly congruent with the notion that iron plays a key role in the dopaminergic system and imply that iron is important for traits and physical activity, which facilitate creativity. Future interventional or longitudinal studies are warranted to identify any causal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Carlos M Miyauchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Graduate Schools for Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yokoyama
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shinada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Sassa
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
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35
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Tomer R, Slagter HA, Christian BT, Fox AS, King CR, Murali D, Gluck MA, Davidson RJ. Love to win or hate to Lose? Asymmetry of dopamine D2 receptor binding predicts sensitivity to reward versus punishment. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 26:1039-48. [PMID: 24345165 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans show consistent differences in the extent to which their behavior reflects a bias toward appetitive approach-related behavior or avoidance of aversive stimuli [Elliot, A. J. Approach and avoidance motivation. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 3-14). New York: Psychology Press, 2008]. We examined the hypothesis that in healthy participants this motivational bias (assessed by self-report and by a probabilistic learning task that allows direct comparison of the relative sensitivity to reward and punishment) reflects lateralization of dopamine signaling. Using [F-18]fallypride to measure D2/D3 binding, we found that self-reported motivational bias was predicted by the asymmetry of frontal D2 binding. Similarly, striatal and frontal asymmetries in D2 dopamine receptor binding, rather than absolute binding levels, predicted individual differences in learning from reward versus punishment. These results suggest that normal variation in asymmetry of dopamine signaling may, in part, underlie human personality and cognition.
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Eitan R, Shamir RR, Linetsky E, Rosenbluh O, Moshel S, Ben-Hur T, Bergman H, Israel Z. Asymmetric right/left encoding of emotions in the human subthalamic nucleus. Front Syst Neurosci 2013; 7:69. [PMID: 24194703 PMCID: PMC3810611 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2013.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional processing is lateralized to the non-dominant brain hemisphere. However, there is no clear spatial model for lateralization of emotional domains in the basal ganglia. The subthalamic nucleus (STN), an input structure in the basal ganglia network, plays a major role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). This role is probably not limited only to the motor deficits of PD, but may also span the emotional and cognitive deficits commonly observed in PD patients. Beta oscillations (12–30 Hz), the electrophysiological signature of PD, are restricted to the dorsolateral part of the STN that corresponds to the anatomically defined sensorimotor STN. The more medial, more anterior and more ventral parts of the STN are thought to correspond to the anatomically defined limbic and associative territories of the STN. Surprisingly, little is known about the electrophysiological properties of the non-motor domains of the STN, nor about electrophysiological differences between right and left STNs. In this study, microelectrodes were utilized to record the STN spontaneous spiking activity and responses to vocal non-verbal emotional stimuli during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgeries in human PD patients. The oscillation properties of the STN neurons were used to map the dorsal oscillatory and the ventral non-oscillatory regions of the STN. Emotive auditory stimulation evoked activity in the ventral non-oscillatory region of the right STN. These responses were not observed in the left ventral STN or in the dorsal regions of either the right or left STN. Therefore, our results suggest that the ventral non-oscillatory regions are asymmetrically associated with non-motor functions, with the right ventral STN associated with emotional processing. These results suggest that DBS of the right ventral STN may be associated with beneficial or adverse emotional effects observed in PD patients and may relieve mental symptoms in other neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Eitan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel
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Personality type as a predictor for depressive symptoms and reduction in quality of life among stroke survivals. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:832-9. [PMID: 23871119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although poststroke depression (PSD) and reduction in quality of life (QOL) are prevalent among stroke patients, little is known about the contribution of personality traits to such impairments. This study examines whether particular personality traits predict PSD symptoms (PSDS) and reduction in QOL among stroke survivals using Cloninger's biopsychosocial personality model. We hypothesized that harm avoidance (HA), expressing the tendency to respond intensely to adverse stimuli, characterizes stroke survivors at risk for PSDS and reduction in QOL. METHODS Hospitalized stroke patients (N = 84, age 63.5 ± 9.7 years) prospectively completed Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, defining HA dominancy by scoring the three personality dimensions: reward dependence, novelty seeking, and HA. The level of neurologic deficit was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. At the 3-month follow-up visit, depressive symptoms and QOL scores were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Stroke Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that higher HA scores independently predicted PSDS and reduction in QOL. After controlling for the relative contribution of stroke type and health-related variables, HA and neurologic deficit were significant risk factors for poststroke negative outcomes. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the relevance of Cloninger's theory (manifested by individual HA behavior) as a distinctive means to identifying patients at risk for PSDS and lower QOL after stroke. The role of specific psychological and neurologic aspects involved in the mechanism of PSD should be further explored using biopsychosocial models.
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Effects of asymmetric dopamine depletion on sensitivity to rewarding and aversive stimuli in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:818-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fazekas C, Khalil M, Enzinger C, Matzer F, Fuchs S, Fazekas F. No impact of adult attachment and temperament on clinical variability in patients with clinically isolated syndrome and early multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115:293-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Converging evidence, including observations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), suggests that dopamine plays a role in impulsivity. This multi-faceted construct includes considerations of both time and risk; determining how these more specific processes are affected by PD and dopaminergic treatment can inform neurobiological models. We examined the effects of PD and its treatment on temporal discounting and risky decision-making in a cohort of 23 mild-moderate PD patients and 20 healthy participants. Patients completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and a temporal discounting paradigm both on and off their usual dopamine replacement therapy. PD patients did not differ from controls in their initial risk-taking on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, but took progressively more risks across trials when on medication. A subset of patients and controls was tested again, 1.5-3 years later, to explore the effects of disease progression. On follow-up, baseline risk-taking diminished in patients, but the tendency to take increasing risks across trials persisted. Neither disease progression nor its treatment affected the temporal discounting rate. These findings suggest a different neural basis for temporal discounting and risk-taking, and demonstrate that risk-taking can be further decomposed into initial and trial-by-trial effects, with dopamine affecting only the latter.
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Newman DP, O'Connell RG, Nathan PJ, Bellgrove MA. Dopamine transporter genotype predicts attentional asymmetry in healthy adults. Neuropsychologia 2012; 50:2823-2829. [PMID: 22940645 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of recent studies suggest that DNA variation in the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) influences spatial attention asymmetry in clinical populations such as ADHD, but confirmation in non-clinical samples is required. Since non-spatial factors such as attentional load have been shown to influence spatial biases in clinical conditions, here we sought to determine whether any association between DAT1 genotype and spatial bias might be moderated by non-spatial attentional load. Healthy adults were asked to react to sudden onset peripheral targets while demand on non-spatial attention was manipulated via a central task. Participants were genotyped for a DAT1 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism. The 10-repeat allele of this variant is a replicated susceptibility allele for ADHD and has been shown to associate with spatial bias. As expected, an overall leftward asymmetry/pseudoneglect was observed when the data were averaged across the entire sample. When data were stratified by DAT1 genotype, individuals lacking homozygosity for the 10-repeat DAT1 allele (non-10/10) showed a pronounced leftward bias that was significantly different from zero. In line with past reports from children with ADHD, this leftward bias was attenuated in individuals who were homozygous for the DAT1 10-repeat allele (10/10), suggestive of relatively weaker right hemisphere dominance for spatial attention. This effect of DAT1 genotype on spatial bias was not modulated by non-spatial attention load. These data confirm in healthy adult participants both the existence and the direction of the relationship previously reported between DAT1 genotype and spatial bias in children with ADHD. These data add to a growing body of evidence showing that spatial attentional asymmetry is a stable quantitative trait, with individual differences in this trait significantly predicted by common DNA variation in the DAT1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Newman
- Monash University, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Redmond G O'Connell
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Psychology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pradeep J Nathan
- Monash University, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Victoria, Australia; University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Monash University, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Victoria, Australia
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Thenganatt MA, Louis ED. Personality profile in essential tremor: a case-control study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 18:1042-4. [PMID: 22703869 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric findings described in essential tremor (ET) include depression and anxiety. There may be personality features as well; in 2004, we demonstrated higher harm avoidance (HA) scores in ET patients than controls. We now (1) determined whether this finding could be replicated in a new sample of cases and controls, and (2) analyzed HA sub-scores (HA1-HA4) to further understand case-control differences. DESIGN/METHODS 60 ET cases and 35 controls were evaluated using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which assesses three domains of personality: HA, novelty seeking (NS), and reward dependence (RD). RESULTS Total HA and total NS scores were marginally higher in cases than controls (14.8 ± 7.6 vs. 12.4 ± 5.3, p = 0.09) and (13.8 ± 5.4 vs. 11.8 ± 4.9, p = 0.09), respectively. When adjusted for age and gender, cases and controls differed with respect to total HA score (p = 0.03) but not total NS score (p = 0.10). Further analysis of HA sub-scores demonstrated that HA1 (anticipatory worry and pessimism) and HA4 (fatigability and asthenia) were most robustly elevated in cases vs. controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ET cases have a personality profile characterized by a greater HA, with certain domains of HA most affected. It is unclear whether this personality profile is pre-morbid or is a co-morbid feature of the illness, nor it is known whether the greater tendency towards HA in ET lessens receptivity to deep brain stimulation surgery and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Thenganatt
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Garner KG, Dux PE, Wagner J, Cummins TDR, Chambers CD, Bellgrove MA. Attentional asymmetries in a visual orienting task are related to temperament. Cogn Emot 2012; 26:1508-15. [PMID: 22650182 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2012.666205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial asymmetries are an intriguing feature of directed attention. Recent observations indicate an influence of temperament upon the direction of these asymmetries. It is unknown whether this influence generalises to visual orienting behaviour. The aim of the current study was therefore to explore the relationship between temperament and measures of spatial orienting as a function of target hemifield. An exogenous cueing task was administered to 92 healthy participants. Temperament was assessed using Carver and White's (1994) Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales. Individuals with high sensitivity to punishment and low sensitivity to reward showed a leftward asymmetry of directed attention when there was no informative spatial cue provided. This asymmetry was not present when targets were preceded by spatial cues that were either valid or invalid. The findings support the notion that individual variations in temperament influence spatial asymmetries in visual orienting, but only when lateral targets are preceded by a non-directional (neutral) cue. The results are discussed in terms of hemispheric asymmetries and dopamine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Garner
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Poletti M, Bonuccelli U. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson’ disease: the role of personality and cognitive status. J Neurol 2012; 259:2269-77. [PMID: 22532171 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Poletti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56100, Pisa, Italy
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Sharp ME, Viswanathan J, Lanyon LJ, Barton JJS. Sensitivity and bias in decision-making under risk: evaluating the perception of reward, its probability and value. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33460. [PMID: 22493669 PMCID: PMC3320893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are few clinical tools that assess decision-making under risk. Tests that characterize sensitivity and bias in decisions between prospects varying in magnitude and probability of gain may provide insights in conditions with anomalous reward-related behaviour. Objective We designed a simple test of how subjects integrate information about the magnitude and the probability of reward, which can determine discriminative thresholds and choice bias in decisions under risk. Design/Methods Twenty subjects were required to choose between two explicitly described prospects, one with higher probability but lower magnitude of reward than the other, with the difference in expected value between the two prospects varying from 3 to 23%. Results Subjects showed a mean threshold sensitivity of 43% difference in expected value. Regarding choice bias, there was a ‘risk premium’ of 38%, indicating a tendency to choose higher probability over higher reward. An analysis using prospect theory showed that this risk premium is the predicted outcome of hypothesized non-linearities in the subjective perception of reward value and probability. Conclusions This simple test provides a robust measure of discriminative value thresholds and biases in decisions under risk. Prospect theory can also make predictions about decisions when subjective perception of reward or probability is anomalous, as may occur in populations with dopaminergic or striatal dysfunction, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Sharp
- Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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46
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Apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: A direct comparison. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012; 18:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Athanasoulia AP, Ising M, Pfister H, Mantzoros CS, Stalla GK, Sievers C. Distinct dopaminergic personality patterns in patients with prolactinomas: a comparison with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma patients and age- and gender-matched controls. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 96:204-11. [PMID: 22343218 DOI: 10.1159/000335996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personality patterns such as extraversion and novelty seeking have been associated with an altered dopaminergic activity in healthy subjects. Patients with prolactinomas have been described as exhibiting an altered dopaminergic tone and are often treated with dopamine agonists. Little is known about the personality traits of this patient group. Hence, we aimed at examining whether patients with prolactinomas exhibit modified personality patterns compared to patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas and healthy controls. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 86 patients with prolactinomas and 58 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) were compared with 172 mentally healthy age- and gender-matched controls. To assess personality traits, standardized personality questionnaires (Eysenck personality questionnaire-EPQ-RK and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire devised by Cloninger-TPQ) were administered. RESULTS Patients with either prolactinomas or NFPA showed a distinct personality profile compared to the normal population, characterized by increased neuroticism and they also answered in a socially desirable mode. On harm-avoidant total and subscales, they presented with a higher fear of uncertainty and also increased fatigability and asthenia. The prolactinoma patients, when contrasted with the 'clinical' control group of patients with NFPA and after post hoc tests for multiple comparisons following the Bonferroni-Holm procedure showed significantly reduced extraversion (p = 0.044) and increased shyness with strangers (p = 0.044), tending to be more neurotic and present lower scores in the novelty seeking subscale impulsiveness. CONCLUSION This is, to our knowledge, the first study providing new evidence of an altered personality profile of prolactinoma patients which might affect the patient-doctor relationship, treatment and patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Athanasoulia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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Personality traits in patients with Parkinson's disease: assessment and clinical implications. J Neurol 2011; 259:1029-38. [PMID: 22083431 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews empirical evidence on the association between personality traits and Parkinson's disease (PD), with a twofold aim. First, to better identify non-motor symptoms, such as affective symptoms and personality changes, that could help to define the pre-motor phase of PD; second, to better understand the neurobiological bases of personality traits, a goal that is not fully accomplished by a purely anatomical approach. A literature review was performed on studies of personality traits in PD patients, in electronic databases ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline and PsychInfo, conducted in July 2011. We found evidence that the existence of a characteristic premorbid personality profile of PD patients is not actually sustained by robust empirical evidence, mainly due to the methodological bias of the retrospective assessment of personality; PD patients present a personality profile of low novelty seeking and high harm avoidance. We concluded that the definition of a pre-motor phase of PD, based on non-motor symptoms, should search for the presence of concomitant affective disorders and for a positive psychiatric history for affective disorders rather than for a typical personality profile or personality changes. The low novelty seeking profile is probably related to the dopaminergic deficit, while the high harm avoidance profile is probably associated with the presence of affective disorders. Clinical implications of these findings, in regard to personality assessment and pharmacological treatments in PD, are also discussed.
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Taiminen T, Kuusalo L, Lehtinen L, Forssell H, Hagelberg N, Tenovuo O, Luutonen S, Pertovaara A, Jääskeläinen S. Psychiatric (axis I) and personality (axis II) disorders in patients with burning mouth syndrome or atypical facial pain. Scand J Pain 2011; 2:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and atypical facial pain (AFP) are often persistent idiopathic pain conditions that mainly affect middle-aged and elderly women. They have both been associated with various psychiatric disorders. This study examined current and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric axis I (symptom-based) and II (personality) disorders in patients with chronic idiopathic orofacial pain, and investigated the temporal relationship of psychiatric disorders and the onset of orofacial pain.
Method
Forty patients with BMS and 23 patients with AFP were recruited from Turku university hospital clinics. Mean age of the patients was 62.3 years (range 35–84) and 90% were female. BMS and AFP diagnoses were based on thorough clinical evaluation, and all patients had undergone clinical neurophysiological investigations including blink reflex and thermal quantitative tests. Current and lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses of axis I and II disorders were made on clinical basis with the aid of SCID-I and II-interviews. The detected prevalence rates and their 95% confidence intervals based on binomial distribution were compared to three previous large population-based studies.
Results
Of the 63 patients, 26 (41.3%) had had an axis I disorder that preceded the onset of orofacial pain, and 33 (52.4%) had had a lifetime axis I disorder. Rate of current axis I disorders was 36.5%, indicating that only about 16% of lifetime disorders had remitted, and they tended to run chronic course. The most common lifetime axis I disorders were major depression (30.2%), social phobia (15.9%), specific phobia (11.1%), and panic disorder (7.9%). Twelve patients (19.0%) had at least one cluster C personality disorder already before the emergence of orofacial pain. Patients with cluster C personality disorders are characterized as fearful and neurotic. None of the patients had cluster A (characterized as odd and eccentric) or B (characterized as dramatic, emotional or erratic) personality disorders. The most common personality disorders were obsessive–compulsive personality (14.3%), dependent personality (4.8%), and avoidant personality (3.2%). The majority of the patients (54%) had also one or more chronic pain conditions other than orofacial pain. In almost all patients (94%) they were already present at the onset of orofacial pain.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that major depression, persistent social phobia, and neurotic, fearful, and obsessive–compulsive personality characteristics are common in patients with chronic idiopathic orofacial pain. Most psychiatric disorders precede the onset of orofacial pain and they tend to run a chronic course.
Implications
We propose that the high psychiatric morbidity, and comorbidity to other chronic pain conditions, in chronic idiopathic orofacial pain can be best understood in terms of shared vulnerability to both chronic pain and specific psychiatric disorders, most likely mediated by dysfunctional brain dopamine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Taiminen
- Department of Psychiatry , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Laura Kuusalo
- Department of Psychiatry , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Laura Lehtinen
- Department of Psychiatry , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Heli Forssell
- Department of Oral Diseases , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Nora Hagelberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Medicine , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Olli Tenovuo
- Department of Neurology , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Sinikka Luutonen
- Department of Psychiatry , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Satu Jääskeläinen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology , Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
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Smith J, Harris J, Khan S, Atkinson E, Fowler M, Ewins D, D'Souza S, Gregory R, Kean R. Motor asymmetry and estimation of body-scaled aperture width in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:3002-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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