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Konduri PR, Marquering HA, van Bavel EE, Hoekstra A, Majoie CBLM. In-Silico Trials for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2020; 11:558125. [PMID: 33041995 PMCID: PMC7525145 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.558125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improved treatment, a large portion of patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion have poor functional outcome. Further research exploring novel treatments and better patient selection has therefore been initiated. The feasibility of new treatments and optimized patient selection are commonly tested in extensive and expensive randomized clinical trials. in-silico trials, computer-based simulation of randomized clinical trials, have been proposed to aid clinical trials. In this white paper, we present our vision and approach to set up in-silico trials focusing on treatment and selection of patients with an acute ischemic stroke. The INSIST project (IN-Silico trials for treatment of acute Ischemic STroke, www.insist-h2020.eu) is a collaboration of multiple experts in computational science, cardiovascular biology, biophysics, biomedical engineering, epidemiology, radiology, and neurology. INSIST will generate virtual populations of acute ischemic stroke patients based on anonymized data from the recent stroke trials and registry, and build on the existing and emerging in-silico models for acute ischemic stroke, its treatment (thrombolysis and thrombectomy) and the resulting perfusion changes. These models will be used to design a platform for in-silico trials that will be validated with existing data and be used to provide a proof of concept of the potential efficacy of this emerging technology. The platform will be used for preliminary evaluation of the potential suitability and safety of medication, new thrombectomy device configurations and methods to select patient subpopulations for better treatment outcome. This could allow generating, exploring and refining relavant hypotheses on potential causal pathways (which may follow from the evidence obtained from clinical trials) and improving clinical trial design. Importantly, the findings of the in-silico trials will require validation under the controlled settings of randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeta R Konduri
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk A Marquering
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ed E van Bavel
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alfons Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Institute for Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charles B L M Majoie
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Boers AMM, Sales Barros R, Jansen IGH, Berkhemer OA, Beenen LFM, Menon BK, Dippel DWJ, van der Lugt A, van Zwam WH, Roos YBWEM, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Slump CH, Majoie CBLM, Marquering HA. Value of Quantitative Collateral Scoring on CT Angiography in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1074-1082. [PMID: 29674417 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many studies have emphasized the relevance of collateral flow in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship of the quantitative collateral score on baseline CTA with the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke and test whether the timing of the CTA acquisition influences this relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) data base, all baseline thin-slice CTA images of patients with acute ischemic stroke with intracranial large-vessel occlusion were retrospectively collected. The quantitative collateral score was calculated as the ratio of the vascular appearance of both hemispheres and was compared with the visual collateral score. Primary outcomes were 90-day mRS score and follow-up infarct volume. The relation with outcome and the association with treatment effect were estimated. The influence of the CTA acquisition phase on the relation of collateral scores with outcome was determined. RESULTS A total of 442 patients were included. The quantitative collateral score strongly correlated with the visual collateral score (ρ = 0.75) and was an independent predictor of mRS (adjusted odds ratio = 0.81; 95% CI, .77-.86) and follow-up infarct volume (exponent β = 0.88; P < .001) per 10% increase. The quantitative collateral score showed areas under the curve of 0.71 and 0.69 for predicting functional independence (mRS 0-2) and follow-up infarct volume of >90 mL, respectively. We found significant interaction of the quantitative collateral score with the endovascular therapy effect in unadjusted analysis on the full ordinal mRS scale (P = .048) and on functional independence (P = .049). Modification of the quantitative collateral score by acquisition phase on outcome was significant (mRS: P = .004; follow-up infarct volume: P < .001) in adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS Automated quantitative collateral scoring in patients with acute ischemic stroke is a reliable and user-independent measure of the collateral capacity on baseline CTA and has the potential to augment the triage of patients with acute stroke for endovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Boers
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., R.S.B., I.G.H.J., H.A.M.) .,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.M.M.B., I.G.H.J., O.A.B., L.F.M.B., C.B.L.M.M., H.A.M.).,Department of Robotics and Mechatronics (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.)
| | - R Sales Barros
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., R.S.B., I.G.H.J., H.A.M.)
| | - I G H Jansen
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., R.S.B., I.G.H.J., H.A.M.).,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.M.M.B., I.G.H.J., O.A.B., L.F.M.B., C.B.L.M.M., H.A.M.)
| | - O A Berkhemer
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.M.M.B., I.G.H.J., O.A.B., L.F.M.B., C.B.L.M.M., H.A.M.)
| | - L F M Beenen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.M.M.B., I.G.H.J., O.A.B., L.F.M.B., C.B.L.M.M., H.A.M.)
| | - B K Menon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.K.M.), Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - A van der Lugt
- Radiology (A.v.d.L.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W H van Zwam
- Department of Radiology (W.H.v.Z.), Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Y B W E M Roos
- Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J van Oostenbrugge
- Department of Neurology (R.J.v.O.), Maastricht UMC and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C H Slump
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics (A.M.M.B., C.H.S.).,MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine (C.H.S.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - C B L M Majoie
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.M.M.B., I.G.H.J., O.A.B., L.F.M.B., C.B.L.M.M., H.A.M.)
| | - H A Marquering
- From the Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physics (A.M.M.B., R.S.B., I.G.H.J., H.A.M.).,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (A.M.M.B., I.G.H.J., O.A.B., L.F.M.B., C.B.L.M.M., H.A.M.)
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Fraser JF, Maniskas M, Trout A, Lukins D, Parker L, Stafford WL, Alhajeri A, Roberts J, Bix GJ. Intra-arterial verapamil post-thrombectomy is feasible, safe, and neuroprotective in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3531-3543. [PMID: 28429604 PMCID: PMC5669346 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17705259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Large vessel ischemic stroke represents the most disabling subtype. While t-PA and endovascular thrombectomy can recanalize the occluded vessel, good clinical outcomes are not uniformly achieved. We propose that supplementing endovascular thrombectomy with superselective intra-arterial (IA) verapamil immediately following recanalization could be safe and effective. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, has been shown to be an effective IA adjunct in a pre-clinical mouse focal ischemia model. To demonstrate translational efficacy, mechanism, feasibility, and safety, we conducted a group of translational experiments. We performed in vivo IA dose-response evaluation in our animal stroke model with C57/Bl6 mice. We evaluated neuroprotective mechanism through in vitro primary cortical neuron (PCN) cultures. Finally, we performed a Phase I trial, SAVER-I, to evaluate feasibility and safety of administration in the human condition. IA verapamil has a likely plateau or inverted-U dose-response with a defined toxicity level in mice (LD50 16-17.5 mg/kg). Verapamil significantly prevented PCN death and deleterious ischemic effects. Finally, the SAVER-I clinical trial showed no evidence that IA verapamil increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage or other adverse effect/procedural complication in human subjects. We conclude that superselective IA verapamil administration immediately following thrombectomy is safe and feasible, and has direct, dose-response-related benefits in ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Fraser
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,4 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael Maniskas
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,4 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Amanda Trout
- 4 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Doug Lukins
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey Parker
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - W Lane Stafford
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abdulnasser Alhajeri
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,3 Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jill Roberts
- 4 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,5 Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory J Bix
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,4 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,5 Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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