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Lee J, Kim M, Kim N, Hwang Y, Lee KH, Lee J, Lee YJ, Kim SJ. Evidence of White Matter Integrity Changes in the Anterior Cingulum Among Shift Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1417-1425. [PMID: 35996418 PMCID: PMC9392483 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s369192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the white matter integrity in shift and non-shift workers and its associations with sleep and activity. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 61 shift workers and 31 non-shift workers. Their sleep and activity profiles were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep diaries, and actigraphy. Fractional anisotropy (FA) (a measure of white matter integrity) was calculated using DTI tractography. RESULTS Shift workers exhibited higher FA values in the bilateral anterior cingulum than did non-shift workers. An increased FA in the right anterior cingulum was correlated with poor sleep quality (ie, a high PSQI score) in shift workers. An increased FA in the right anterior cingulum was also correlated with higher actigraphic activity indices (the mesor and M10 indices) in shift workers. DISCUSSION The white matter integrity of the anterior cingulum was altered in shift workers, perhaps in association with sleep and activity disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nambeom Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjee Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kawai M. Disruption of the circadian rhythms and its relationship with pediatric obesity. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14992. [PMID: 34525248 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient availability. The disruption of this system has been pathogenically linked to the disintegration of metabolic homeostasis, leading to the development of metabolic complications, including obesity. Lifestyle factors that disrupt this system have been found to be associated with the development of metabolic disorder, which is most evidenced by the finding that shift workers are at an increased risk of developing various disorders, such as obesity and obesity-related complications. Lifestyle factors that contribute to a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms have also been identified in children. A short sleep duration and skipping breakfast are prevalent in children and there is mounting evidence that these factors are associated with an increased risk of pediatric obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Our current understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors that cause a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms on the development of pediatric obesity is summarized herein, with a discussion of potential mechanistic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Monnaatsie M, Biddle SJ, Khan S, Kolbe-Alexander T. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in shift and non-shift workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101597. [PMID: 34976655 PMCID: PMC8683943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Research examining the prevalence, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in shift workers show mixed results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare PA and SB in shift workers with non-shift workers following the PRISMA guidelines. Ebscohost megafile ultimate (CINHAL, E-journals, Academic search ultimate, health source consumer edition, SPORT Discus), PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched up to April 2021. Cross-sectional and baseline data from longitudinal studies reporting PA and SB in full time workers were eligible. Data on participants characteristics and time spent in PA and SB and/or prevalence of workers meeting PA guidelines were extracted and pooled with random effects model. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) 10-item checklist was adapted and used. A total of 49 studies met inclusion criteria and 21 studies included for meta-analysis. The prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.03) and standardized mean difference (SMD) of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD -0.1, 95% CI: -0.4, 0.20) were similar in shift and non-shift workers. Time spent in sedentary behaviour was lower in shift workers than non-shift workers (SMD -0.2, 95% CI: 0.50, -0.001). While the differences in PA are not so evident between shift and non-shift workers, the prevalence of sufficient PA was low in both groups. These preliminary findings provide support for inclusion of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in health promotion interventions targeted at shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malebogo Monnaatsie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Physically Active Lifestyles (PALs) Research Group, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Stuart J.H. Biddle
- Physically Active Lifestyles (PALs) Research Group, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahjahan Khan
- School of Sciences and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tracy Kolbe-Alexander
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Physically Active Lifestyles (PALs) Research Group, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Proper KI, Jaarsma E, Robroek SJW, Schram JLD, Boshuizen H, Picavet HSJ, Verschuren WMM, van Oostrom SH. The mediating role of unhealthy behavior in the relationship between shift work and perceived health. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1300. [PMID: 34215233 PMCID: PMC8254208 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the relationship between shift work and perceived health, including potential underlying mechanisms such as unhealthy behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether unhealthy behaviors mediate the relationship between shift work and perceived mental and physical health, taking into account potential differences by level of education. Methods Data from 1633 workers participating in the Doetinchem Cohort Study during 1995–2016 were used. Being engaged in shift work was determined at 1 year preceding the assessment of health behaviors. Mental and physical health were assessed after 5 years of follow-up by the 5-item Mental Health Inventory and the physical functioning scale of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and overweight were considered as potential mediators and education was treated as moderator. Moderated mediation analyses using generalized estimated equations were performed. Results Shift work was not statistically significantly related to either mental or physical health. Despite this, statistically significant mediation effects of smoking (Beta − 0.09; 95% Confidence Interval − 0.20 - -0.01, respectively B -0.09; 95%CI -0.21 - -0.01) and physical inactivity (B 0.11; 95%CI 0.03–0.23, respectively B 0.08; 95%CI 0.01–0.18) were found in the relationship between shift work and mental or physical health. Direct and indirect effects outweighed each other in the relationship between shift work and mental health, since the direction of these effects was opposite. The relationship between shift work, unhealthy behavior, and health was not different by educational level. Conclusion Shift workers did not report lower mental or physical health than non-shift workers. Though mediation effects of unhealthy behavior were observed in the relationship between shift work and perceived health, these small effects had minor public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin I Proper
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Jaarsma
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolinda L D Schram
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hendriek Boshuizen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra H van Oostrom
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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Work Shift, Lifestyle Factors, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Spanish Male Workers: A Mediation Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041077. [PMID: 33810210 PMCID: PMC8065668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Working night shifts has been associated with altered circadian rhythms, lifestyle habits, and cardiometabolic risks. No information on the potential association of working shift and the presence of atherosclerosis is available. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between different work shifts and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis objectively measured by imaging. (2) Methods: Analyses were conducted on the baseline data of the Aragon Workers Health Study (AWHS) cohort, including information on 2459 middle-aged men. Categories of shift work included central day shift, rotating morning-evening or morning-evening-night shift, and night shift. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques was assessed by 2D ultrasound in the carotid and femoral vascular territories. Multivariable logistic models and mediation analysis were conducted to characterize and quantify the association between study variables. (3) Results: Participants working night or rotating shifts presented an overall worse cardiometabolic risk profile, as well as more detrimental lifestyle habits. Workers in the most intense (morning-evening-night) rotating shift presented higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.12 to 2.27) compared to workers in the central shift, independently of the presence of lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. A considerable (21%) proportion of this association was found to be mediated by smoking, indicating that altered sleep-wake cycles have a direct relationship with the early presence of atherosclerotic lesions. (4) Conclusions: Work shifts should be factored in during workers health examinations, and when developing effective workplace wellness programs.
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The mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between shift work, obesity and diabetes. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1287-1295. [PMID: 33704584 PMCID: PMC8292292 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shift work has been related to obesity and diabetes, but the potential mediating role of lifestyle is yet unknown. Our aim was to investigate this mediating role of physical activity, diet, smoking, and sleep quality in the relationships between shift work, and obesity and diabetes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 3188 shift workers and 6395 non-shift workers participated between 2013 and 2018 in periodical occupational health checks. Weight and height were objectively measured to calculate obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Diabetes status, physical activity, diet, smoking, and sleep quality were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Structural equation models adjusted for relevant confounders were used to analyze the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationships between shift work, and obesity and diabetes. RESULTS Shift workers were more often obese (OR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.16-1.61) and reported more often to have diabetes (OR:1.35, 95% CI 1.003-1.11) than non-shift workers. Shift workers had lower physical activity levels, ate fruit and vegetables less often, smoked more often, and had poorer sleep quality (p < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that shift workers had a higher odds of obesity (OR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) and diabetes (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.27) mediated by poorer sleep quality. Lower physical activity levels (OR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.19) and lower intake of fruit and vegetables (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) were also mediators in the relationship between shift work and obesity, but not in the relationship between shift work and diabetes (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION These results imply that interventions targeting diet, physical activity and in particular sleep problems specifically developed for shift workers could potentially reduce the adverse health effects of shift work.
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7
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Schilperoort M, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Time for Novel Strategies to Mitigate Cardiometabolic Risk in Shift Workers. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:952-964. [PMID: 33183967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption induced by shift work is robustly associated with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in humans. Less well-known are the mechanisms underlying these associations, and the effectiveness of strategies to reduce cardiometabolic risk in the shift work population. In this review, the different ways in which shift work can deteriorate cardiometabolic health, and how to use this information to reflect on various risk-mitigating strategies, is discussed. While individual strategies appear promising in animal studies, the multifactorial disease risk in shift workers likely requires a multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the need for individually-tailored combined lifestyle interventions, that could be essential in reducing cardiometabolic disorders in the large population of shift workers in our 24/7 society, is argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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8
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Abstract
In this highly digitalized era, sleep disorders are becoming more common and are associated with an increased burden of chronic disease. Shift workers are at an increased risk for both sleep disorders and metabolic syndrome. In this article, the authors outline the connection between circadian discordance, hormonal imbalance, and the development of metabolic syndrome in shift workers. Based on a literature review of animal model studies, observational studies, and clinical trials conducted between August and October of 2018, the authors offer several clinical interventions, including work schedules, light therapy, medications, and dietary habits to improve the circadian synchronicity of shift workers and reduce their risk of morbidity and mortality. It is important for physicians to be familiar with the consequences of shift work and ways to mitigate the risks for this patient population.
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9
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Brum MCB, Dantas Filho FF, Schnorr CC, Bertoletti OA, Bottega GB, da Costa Rodrigues T. Night shift work, short sleep and obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:13. [PMID: 32064002 PMCID: PMC7011518 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with increased general mortality and comorbidities, it is multifactorial and some evidence has shown that sleep duration and shift work may be implicated in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between shift work, quality of life and obesity among healthcare workers of a Brazilian University Hospital. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed from April 2013 to December 2014 with 200 workers of a University Hospital. Sociodemographic data were evaluated and BREF WHOQOL was used for quality of life. The physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Chronotypes and daily sleep preference were investigated using Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Venous blood was collected after 12-h of fasting for laboratory tests. RESULTS In this sample, the night shift workers had higher income and were older compared to day shift workers. Night shift workers sleep less hours, had higher weight, body mass index and abdominal circumference when compared to the day shift workers. Night shift workers had almost 3 times higher association with abdominal obesity independent of age and gender, than day shift workers. MCTQ parameters showed that night shift workers had lower sleep duration during working days and also during free days, associated with a higher level of social jetlag. Social jetlag had an association with obesity. We found no difference for quality of life between shifts. CONCLUSIONS Night work was a risk factor for abdominal obesity, social jetlag was higher in night shift workers and it was associated with presence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlota Borba Brum
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
| | - Fábio Fernandes Dantas Filho
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
| | - Claúdia Carolina Schnorr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
| | - Otávio Azevedo Bertoletti
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Borchardt Bottega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
| | - Ticiana da Costa Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 2350 Brazil
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Buchvold HV, Pallesen S, Waage S, Moen BE, Bjorvatn B. Shift Work and Lifestyle Factors: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study Among Nurses. Front Public Health 2019; 7:281. [PMID: 31750282 PMCID: PMC6843055 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate different work schedules, short rest time between shifts (quick returns), and night shift exposure for their possible adverse effects on different lifestyle factors in a 6-year follow-up study. Methods: Data stemmed from “The Survey of Shiftwork, Sleep and Health,” a cohort study of Norwegian nurses started in 2008/9. The data analyzed in this sub-cohort of SUSSH were from 2008/9 to 2015 and consisted of 1,371 nurses. The lifestyle factors were: Exercise (≥1 h/week, <1 h/week), caffeine consumption (units/day), smoking (prevalence and cigarettes/day), and alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score). We divided the nurses into four groups: (1) day workers, (2) night workers, (3) nurses who changed toward, and (4) nurses who changed away from a schedule containing night shifts. Furthermore, average number of yearly night shifts (NN), and average number of quick returns (QR) were calculated. Paired t-tests, McNemar tests, and logistic regression analyses were used in the analyses. Results: We found a significant increase in caffeine consumption across all work schedule groups and a decline in smoking prevalence for day workers and night workers at follow-up. Analyses did not show any significant differences between groups when analyzing (1) different work schedules, (2) different exposures to QR, (3) different exposures to NN on the respective lifestyle factor trajectories. Conclusion: We found no significant differences between the different work schedule groups or concerning different exposures to QR or NN when evaluating these lifestyle factor trajectories. This challenges the notion that shift work has an adverse impact on lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogne Vikanes Buchvold
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Siri Waage
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente E Moen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Prakash KC, Neupane S, Leino-Arjas P, Härmä M, von Bonsdorff MB, Rantanen T, von Bonsdorff ME, Hinrichs T, Seitsamo J, Ilmarinen J, Nygård CH. Trajectories of mobility limitations over 24 years and their characterization by shift work and leisure-time physical activity in midlife. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:882-888. [PMID: 31008505 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate trajectories of mobility limitations (MLs) over a period of 24 years. In addition, we aimed to study how shift work and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in midlife predict assignment to MLs trajectories separately for those retired on statutory pensions (SPs) and on disability pensions (DPs). METHODS Subjects who responded MLs questionnaires (1985-2009, N = 3048) in Finnish Longitudinal Study on Aging Municipal Employees were included in this prospective cohort study. LTPA and shift work were measured during baseline. International Classification of Functioning was used to code MLs. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify the trajectories of MLs. Odds ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence interval (CI) were assessed by using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS We identified four trajectories of MLs, namely low persistent, low increasing, high decreasing and high persistent. Among the SP recipients, shift work with night shifts was associated with an increased risk (adjusted OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.03-2.14) of belonging to the high persistent MLs trajectory. The inactive LTPA (SP: OR 5.99, 95% CI 3.39-10.58, DP: OR 6.81, 95% CI 2.52-18.43) was similarly associated with high persistent MLs trajectory. CONCLUSION Nearly two-thirds of the people retired due to disability belonged to high MLs trajectory. High persistent MLs trajectory was associated with physical inactivity in midlife among those retired on SP and on DP. Shift work with night shift predicted high persistent MLs in SP strata. Active involvement in LTPA during midlife could be beneficial to spend MLs free later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Prakash
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Subas Neupane
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Monika E von Bonsdorff
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Management, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, University of Vaasa, Kokkola, Finland
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jorma Seitsamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Clas-Håkan Nygård
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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12
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NOCTURNIN Gene Diurnal Variation in Healthy Volunteers and Expression Levels in Shift Workers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7582734. [PMID: 31467910 PMCID: PMC6699378 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7582734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The NOCTURNIN gene links nutrient absorption and metabolism to the circadian clock. Shift workers are at a heightened risk of overweight and of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the diurnal variation of NOCTURNIN in healthy volunteers and its expression levels in rotational shift and daytime workers. Methods NOCTURNIN expression levels were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 healthy volunteers at 4-hour intervals for 24 h. Metabolic parameters and NOCTURNIN expression were measured in workers engaged in shift and daytime work. Results In the group of volunteers NOCTURNIN expression showed diurnal variation, with a peak at 8:00 AM. NOCTURNIN expression was higher in shift workers than in daytime workers. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of shift work as an independent factor affecting NOCTURNIN expression. Notably, its level correlated directly with body mass index and inversely with total energy expenditure. Conclusions Measuring NOCTURNIN expression levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes can improve investigations on the relationship between changes in circadian rhythm and metabolic disorders. Shift workers show higher NOCTURNIN levels than daytime workers.
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Flahr H, Brown WJ, Kolbe-Alexander TL. A systematic review of physical activity-based interventions in shift workers. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:323-331. [PMID: 29868387 PMCID: PMC5984233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift workers are at increased risk of a range of chronic diseases and there is evidence to suggest that these risks can be ameliorated by physical activity. Little is known however about the efficacy of physical activity interventions in shift workers. The aim was therefore to critically review the literature to improve understanding of the efficacy of physical activity promotion initiatives for this occupational group. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of physical activity in shift workers was conducted in 2016-2017 following the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Only seven studies were found. None of the studies measured changes in physical activity behaviour or reported on the timing or setting of the intervention protocols. Instead, most focused on health-related outcomes including body composition, fitness and sleep. Almost all provided physical activity 'prescriptions' with walking or 'aerobic activity' as the primary intervention mode and most reported significant improvements in one of the outcome measures. Although the findings suggest that physical activity may mitigate intermediate risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD) in shift workers, the studies offer little insight into physical activity behaviour change in this occupational group. Future research should assess actual changes in physical activity behaviour, and its determinants, as well as the reach and uptake of intervention strategies in this challenging population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Flahr
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Corresponding author at: School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wendy J. Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Kolbe-Alexander
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4350, Australia
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