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Azmi H, Walter BL, Brooks A, Richard IH, Amodeo K, Okun MS. Editorial: Hospitalization and Parkinson's disease: safety, quality and outcomes. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1398947. [PMID: 38638192 PMCID: PMC11024459 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Azmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | | | - Annie Brooks
- Parkinson's Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irene Hegeman Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Amodeo
- Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Livingston C, Monroe-Duprey L. A Review of Levodopa Formulations for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Available in the United States. J Pharm Pract 2024; 37:485-494. [PMID: 36704966 DOI: 10.1177/08971900221151194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The safety and efficacy of levodopa formulations are evaluated to inform clinical decision making for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Summary: Levodopa is a cornerstone of treatment for Parkinson's disease due to its proven efficacy. Although many patients can initially be managed using immediate release tablets, as their disease progresses they often require escalating doses as well as more frequent dosing to prevent wearing off effects. Additionally, patients who experience time in the off state may struggle with the delay between medication administration and onset of action. Therefore, to increase patient convenience as well as to enhance the pharmacokinetic profile of the levodopa, several other formulations have been developed. Levodopa coformulated with carbidopa is supplied as immediate release tablets, oral disintegrating tablets, controlled release tablets, extended release capsules, and a continuous enteral solution. Additionally, there is a levodopa inhalation powder available. As a result of their different absorption profiles, each formulation has unique safety and efficacy attributes. Consequently, while this expansion of levodopa formulations has substantially increased treatment options for patients, it has also increased the complexity of medical decision making for patients, providers, and health systems alike. Conclusion: Knowledge of the different pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles of the available levodopa formulations is critical for the effective management of Parkinson's disease on both the individual patient and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Livingston
- Department of Pharmacy, Inova Health System, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Wu AD, Walter BL, Brooks A, Buetow E, Amodeo K, Richard I, Mundth K, Azmi H. Standardizing default electronic health record tools to improve safety for hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1278322. [PMID: 38304735 PMCID: PMC10830808 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1278322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are often configured to address challenges and improve patient safety for persons with Parkinson's disease (PWP). For example, EHR systems can help identify Parkinson's disease (PD) patients across the hospital by flagging a patient's diagnosis in their chart, preventing errors in medication and dosing through the use of clinical decision support, and supplementing staff education through care plans that provide step-by-step road maps for disease-based care of a specific patient population. However, most EHR-based solutions are locally developed and, thus, difficult to scale widely or apply uniformly across hospital systems. In 2020, the Parkinson's Foundation, a national and international leader in PD research, education, and advocacy, and Epic, a leading EHR vendor with more than 35% market share in the United States, launched a partnership to reduce risks to hospitalized PWP using standardized EHR-based solutions. This article discusses that project which included leadership from physician informaticists, movement disorders specialists, hospital quality officers, the Parkinson's Foundation and members of the Parkinson's community. We describe the best practice solutions developed through this project. We highlight those that are currently available as standard defaults or options within the Epic EHR, discuss the successes and limitations of these solutions, and consider opportunities for scalability in environments beyond a single EHR vendor. The Parkinson's Foundation and Epic launched a partnership to develop best practice solutions in the Epic EHR system to improve safety for PWP in the hospital. The goal of the partnership was to create the EHR tools that will have the greatest impact on outcomes for hospitalized PWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan D. Wu
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Walter
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anne Brooks
- Parkinson’s Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily Buetow
- Parkinson’s Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Amodeo
- Department of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Irene Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kelly Mundth
- Epic Systems Corporation, Verona, WI, United States
| | - Hooman Azmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
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Azmi H, Cocoziello L, Ruzicka F, Clar E, Pederson JM, Jacob B, Thomas J, Rocco A, Bobek M, Pereira-Argenziano L, Roth P, Thomas FP. Custom order entry for Parkinson's medications in the hospital improves timely administration: an analysis of over 31,000 medication doses. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1267067. [PMID: 38187358 PMCID: PMC10768191 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1267067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at increased risk for hospital acquired complications. Deviations from home medication schedules and delays in administration are major contributing factors. We had previously developed a protocol to ensure adherence to home medication schedules using "custom" ordering. In this study we are assessing the impact this order type may have on reducing delays in PD medication administration in the hospital. Material and methods We reviewed 31,404 orders placed for PD medications from January 2, 2016 to April 30 2021. We evaluated the orders to determine if they were placed in a Custom format or using a default non-custom order entry. We further evaluated all orders to determine if there was a relationship with the order type and timely administration of medications. We compared medications that were administered within 1 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min of due times across custom orders vs. non-custom default orders. We also evaluated the relationship between ordering providers and type of orders placed as well as hospital unit and type of orders placed. Results 14,204 (45.23%) orders were placed using a custom schedule and 17,200 (54.77%) orders were placed using non-custom defaults. The custom group showed a significantly lower median delay of 3.06 minutes compared to the non-custom group (p<.001). Custom orders had a significantly more recent median date than non-custom default orders (2019-10-07 vs. 2018-01-06, p<0.001). In additional analyses, medication administration delays were significantly improved for custom orders compared to non-custom orders, with likelihoods 1.64 times higher within 1 minute, 1.40 times higher within 15 minutes, and 1.33 times higher within 30 minutes of the due time (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusion This is the largest study to date examining the effects of order entry type on timely administration of PD medications in the hospital. Orders placed using a custom schedule may help reduce delays in administration of PD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Azmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- New Jersey Brain and Spine Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Lisa Cocoziello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Francis Ruzicka
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Elana Clar
- New Jersey Brain and Spine Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | | | - Blessy Jacob
- Department of Pharmacy, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Jewell Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Anthony Rocco
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Mary Bobek
- Department of Nursing Clinical Education, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Lucy Pereira-Argenziano
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- New Jersey Brain and Spine Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Florian P. Thomas
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States
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Chunga N, Amodeo K, Braun M, Valdovinos BY, Richard IH. Effect of best practice advisory on the administration of contraindicated medications to hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1276761. [PMID: 38173555 PMCID: PMC10764030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1276761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of a Best Practice Advisory (BPA) on the ordering and administration of contraindicated dopamine blocking agents (DBA) to hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders. Background Patients with PD are more likely to require hospitalization and are at increased risk of complications. Administration of contraindicated DBA contributes to worsened outcomes in this patient population. Electronic medical record (EMR) warnings (also referred to as BPA) have been proposed as a way to prevent the administration of contraindicated medications. Methods A BPA was launched in January 2020 within the University of Rochester EMR system, which alerts the provider when a contraindicated DBA is ordered in hospitalized patients with PD and related disorders. Patients with PD and related disorders hospitalized at two hospitals affiliated to the University of Rochester during a time period before (t1: 1/1/2019-1/1/2020) and after (t2: 1/8/2020-1/8/2021) the implementation of the BPA were included in this study. Epic SliderDicer was used to collect the data from the University of Rochester EMR. The number of patients who had contraindicated DBA orders and administrations in both time periods, and the number of patients who had the BPA triggered during t2 were obtained. We compared the results before and after the implementation of the BPA. Results 306 patients with PD and related disorders were hospitalized during t1 and 273 during t2. There was significantly less percentage of patients who had contraindicated DBA orders (41.5% in t1 vs. 17.6% in t2) and patients who had contraindicated DBA administrations (16% in t1 vs. 8.8% in t2) during t2 (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). There was no significant difference between the percentage of patients who had contraindicated DBA orders in t1 and patients with attempted orders (BPA triggered) in t2 (p = 0.27). Conclusion The results of this study increase the evidence of the potential benefit of EMR warnings for the optimization of inpatient medication management in patients with PD and related disorders. In particular, our results suggest that EMR warnings help reduce the administration of contraindicated medications, which is a known contributing factor for hospital complications in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chunga
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Amodeo
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center/MidHudson Regional Hospital, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Braun
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Irene H. Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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George BP, Barbosa WA, Sethi A, Richard IH. Complications and outcomes of hospitalizations for patients with and without Parkinson disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1276731. [PMID: 38161593 PMCID: PMC10757345 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1276731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine complications and outcomes of hospitalizations for common indications for hospitalization among patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods We identified and selected the ten most common indications for hospitalization among individuals ≥65 years of age using principal diagnoses from the California State Inpatient Database, 2018-2020. Patients with comorbid PD were identified using secondary diagnosis codes and matched one-to-one to patients without PD based on principal diagnosis (exact matching), age, gender, race and ethnicity, and Elixhauser comorbidity index (coarsened exact matching). We identified potentially preventable complications based on the absence of present on admission indicators among secondary diagnoses. In the matched cohort, we compared inpatient complications, early Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) orders (placed within 24 h of admission), use of life-sustaining therapies, new nursing facility requirement on discharge, and death or hospice discharge for patients with and without PD. Results We identified 35,457 patients with PD among the ten leading indications for hospitalization in older adults who were matched one-to-one to patients without PD (n = 70,914 in total). Comorbid PD was associated with an increased odds of developing aspiration pneumonia (OR 1.17 95% CI 1.02-1.35) and delirium (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.02-1.22) during admission. Patients with PD had greater odds of early DNR orders [placed within 24 h of admission] (OR 1.34 95% CI 1.29-1.39). While there was no difference in the odds of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.04 95% CI 0.98-1.11), patients with PD demonstrated greater odds of tracheostomy (OR 1.41 95% CI 1.12-1.77) and gastrostomy placement (OR 2.00 95% CI 1.82-2.20). PD was associated with greater odds of new nursing facility requirement upon discharge (OR 1.58 95% CI 1.53-1.64). Patients with PD were more likely to die as a result of their hospitalization (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.06-1.16). Conclusion Patients with PD are at greater risk of developing aspiration pneumonia and delirium as a complication of their hospitalization. While patients with PD more often have early DNR orders, they have greater utilization of life-sustaining therapies and experience worse outcomes of their hospitalization including new nursing facility requirement upon discharge and greater mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. George
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - William A. Barbosa
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anish Sethi
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irene H. Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Dham B, Richard I, Schneider EB, George BP. Association of Postoperative Delirium and Parkinson Disease After Common United States Surgical Procedures. J Surg Res 2023; 291:711-719. [PMID: 37566934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the association of Parkinson disease (PD) and postoperative delirium following common surgical procedures. METHODS We performed a retrospective database analysis of the National Inpatient Sample. We used a matched sample of patients with and without PD who underwent any of ten common surgical procedures in the US, 2005-2014. Primary outcome measure was postoperative delirium for patients with and without PD. Secondary measures included disposition, length of stay, and hospital costs. RESULTS There were 3,235,866 patients receiving any of the ten most common operative procedures, 2005-2014. There were 35,743 patients with and without PD matched based on age, sex, elective admission status, Charlson Comorbidity index, and presence of dementia. Median age was 77 y (interquartile range 72-82), median Charlson Comorbidity index was 1 (standard deviation 0-2), 46.6% were female, and 46.8% were admitted electively. The three most common operative procedures were hip arthroplasty (28.5%), knee arthroplasty (16.1%), and percutaneous coronary angioplasty (14.9%). Postoperative delirium was present in 1519 patients with PD compared to 828 matched patients without PD (4.2% versus 2.3%; P < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio of postoperative delirium for PD compared to the matched cohort without PD was 1.88 (95% confidence interval 1.73-2.05). Those undergoing spinal fusion (adjusted odds ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 2.06-4.38) had the greatest odds of delirium. For patients with PD, adjusted length of stay, adjusted hospital costs, and adjusted odds of postacute care facility discharge were greater compared to the matched cohort without PD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD are more likely to develop postoperative delirium and have a more complicated postoperative course with longer length of stay and greater hospitalization costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavpreet Dham
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Irene Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Eric B Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin P George
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
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Ellis DM, Dowdell EB, Romero de Slavy J, Hummel LL, Kropkowski LR, Vernon GM, Calara H, Houton E, Wackrow K, Matar N, Bernhardt PW. Supporting Parkinson's disease medication safety for nurses in the acute care setting through an educational intervention study. J Nurs Scholarsh 2023; 55:1106-1115. [PMID: 37358023 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient medication safety in the acute care setting is a foundational action provided by nurses and healthcare providers for safe patient care. Hospitalization of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be dangerous due to the unique and variable medication regimen required. Patients with PD often have their medication administered inappropriately in the acute care setting (e.g., holding a PD medication in preparation for surgery, not administering the medication on the patient's home schedule, and delaying administration). The research question posed in this study was the following: does a PD medication educational intervention in the clinical setting enhance knowledge, comfort, and competence of practicing nurses in the care of patients with PD regarding their medication safety? DESIGN A mixed methods study design was used for this 5-month, two-part study with a sample of practicing RNs at three different hospitals. Part one of the study assessed nurses' initial knowledge of PD and PD medication safety and included an educational intervention. Part two of the study occurred 3 months later and evaluated if knowledge from the educational intervention was retained. METHODS The study was conducted in two parts and included a pre-test, educational intervention, post-test, and follow-up test 3 months later. The educational intervention consisted of a 15-minute video of two PD advanced practice nurses being interviewed regarding the general care of a patient with PD. The pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test were identical and consisted of six questions regarding knowledge, comfort, and self-perceived competency. Participants were additionally asked three open-ended questions at follow-up to gain insight on the effectiveness of the educational intervention. RESULTS A total sample of 252 RNs participated in this study. Statistically significant improvements in knowledge, comfort, and self-perceived competency were observed in the post-test scores compared to pre-test scores. These statistically significant improvements were retained after 3 months, despite a 42.9% decrease in the number of responders (n = 252 vs. n = 144). Additionally, compared to the post-test, there were no statistically significant declines in knowledge, comfort, or competency in the follow-up test. Qualitative findings indicated that the training regarding PD medications was retained and found to be valuable, even if it was seldom applied in practice. CONCLUSION A review of the literature and this study both support the need for increased education for practicing nurses as it relates to PD and PD medication safety. Healthcare systems, organizations, and associations that support continuing education for nurses create a stronger workforce. Education has been found to keep nurses up to date on the latest advances in care and treatment while also providing exposure to other areas of nursing beyond their clinical settings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Promoting better patient outcomes through safe medication administration is a hallmark of nursing care excellence. This study found that supporting the use of an educational intervention of PD medication safety for nurses improved RN levels of knowledge, comfort, and competency up to 3 months later. As the population of those with PD increases, healthcare systems, and nurses must now, more than ever, be poised to care for these individuals. This is a critical point in PD patient care since persons with PD are hospitalized 1.5 times more than their peers without PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Ellis
- Biosion USA, Inc., Newark, Delaware, USA
- Villanova University M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing (Ret), Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
- Edmond J. Safra Visiting Nurse Faculty Program at the Parkinson's Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gwyn M Vernon
- Edmond J. Safra Visiting Nurse Faculty Program at the Parkinson's Foundation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of PA Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Heintje Calara
- Clinical Practice Liaison, Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erin Houton
- Shady Grove Medical Center, BSN-RN, Adventist Healthcare, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Paul W Bernhardt
- Mathematics and Statistics Department, College Liberal Arts and Science, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
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Saleem A, Ungcharoen N, Bell F, Storton J, Bibi H. Improving Parkinson's Medicine Administration in Hospitals: The Impact of an Out-of-Hours Drug Box. Cureus 2023; 15:e48447. [PMID: 38050523 PMCID: PMC10693925 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies. PD medications, notably Levodopa, are critical in controlling patients' symptoms and improving their quality of life. These medications are time-critical, and a delay in administration can have a negative impact on a patient's mobility, quality of life and symptoms. Objective The objective of this quality improvement project (QIP) was to (1) determine the occurrence and underlying factors contributing to delays in PD medication administration at Huddersfield Royal Infirmary and (2) evaluate the impact of subsequent interventions in improving the administration of time-critical PD medications. Methods A total of 20 patients were recruited from Ward 5, a care of the elderly ward, at Huddersfield Royal Infirmary for the entire duration of this QIP; 10 in the pre-intervention phase and 10 for the post-intervention phase one month following the implementation of three interventions: 'Parkinson's Drug Box', ward-based teaching and a hospital-wide screensaver reminder. Data was collected from the electronic patient record (EPR) to determine and compare the following measures before and after the interventions: the percentage of PD medications administered within the 30-minute recommended window, the admission-to-medication reconciliation time, scheduled-to-actual dose administration time, and factors causing delays. Results Following the implementation of three interventions, the percentage of patients receiving PD medications within the recommended 30-minute window doubled, increasing from 10% to 20%. Moreover, the average delay in patients receiving their initial PD medication dose decreased from 7.8 hours to 3.7 hours. The percentage of patients experiencing medication delays due to stock shortages also dropped from 50% to 10%. Conclusions Earlier medicines reconciliation and the availability of time-critical drugs out of hours are both key factors in helping to ensure PD medication is administered on time in hospitals. Staff education and a 'Parkinson's Drug Box' are two relatively simple measures that have resulted in improved outcomes for Parkinson's inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Saleem
- Internal Medicine, Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, GBR
| | - Nutchaya Ungcharoen
- Medical Education, Aston University, Birmingham, GBR
- Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Frederick Bell
- Geriatrics, Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, GBR
| | - Josh Storton
- Internal Medicine, Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, GBR
| | - Hadeeqa Bibi
- Pharmacy, Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, GBR
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Goldin C, Sillau S, Worledge E, Bremmer J, Cummins R, Tremolet de Villers K, Fullard ME. Reducing the receipt of contraindicated medications in patients with Parkinson disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1271072. [PMID: 37901790 PMCID: PMC10602692 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1271072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The administration of antidopaminergic medications to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) can exacerbate symptoms, and in the hospital setting, can lead to complications and increased length of stay. Despite efforts to improve medication administration through provider education and patient-centered interventions, the problem persists, with an estimated 21-43% of hospitalized PD patients receiving dopamine blocking medications. Methods In this study, a best practice alert (BPA) was developed that was triggered when an antidopaminergic medication was ordered in the Emergency Department or hospital for a patient with a diagnosis of PD in the EMR. The primary outcomes were receipt of a contraindicated medication, length of stay (LOS) and readmission within 30 days. These outcomes were compared between the 12 months prior to the intervention and the 12 months post intervention. Data were also collected on admitting diagnosis, admitting service, neurology involvement and patient demographics. Results For pre-intervention inpatient encounters, 18.3% involved the use of a contraindicated medication. This was reduced to 9.4% of all inpatient encounters for PD patients in the first 3 months post-intervention and remained lower at 13.3% for the full 12 months post-intervention. The overall rate of contraindicated medication use was low for ED visits at 4.7% pre-intervention and 5.7% post-intervention. Receipt of a contraindicated medication increased the risk of a longer length of stay, both before and after the intervention, but did not significantly affect 30-day readmission rate. Conclusion An EMR BPA decreased the use of contraindicated medications for PD patients in the hospital setting, especially in the first 3 months. Strategies are still needed to reduce alert fatigue in order to maintain initial improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Goldin
- Department of Neurology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elisa Worledge
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Denver Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Robbie Cummins
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Shurer J, Golden SLS, Mihas P, Browner N. More than medications: a patient-centered assessment of Parkinson's disease care needs during hospitalization. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1255428. [PMID: 37842122 PMCID: PMC10569176 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1255428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) increases the risk of hospitalization and complications while in the hospital. Patient-centered care emphasizes active participation of patients in decision-making and has been found to improve satisfaction with care. Engaging in discussion and capturing hospitalization experience of a person with PD (PwP) and their family care partner (CP) is a critical step toward the development of quality improvement initiatives tailored to the unique hospitalization needs of PD population. Objectives This qualitative study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities for PD patient-centered care in hospital setting. Methods Focus groups were held with PwPs and CPs to capture first-hand perspectives and generate consensus themes on PD care during hospitalization. A semi-structured guide for focus group discussions included questions about inpatient experiences and interactions with the health system and the clinical team. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results A total of 12 PwPs and 13 CPs participated in seven focus groups. Participants were 52% female and 28% non-white; 84% discussed unplanned hospitalizations. This paper focuses on two specific categories that emerged from the data analysis. The first category explored the impact of PD diagnosis on the hospital experience, specifically during planned and unplanned hospitalizations. The second category delves into the unique needs of PwPs and CPs during hospitalization, which included the importance of proper PD medication management, the need for improved hospital ambulation protocols, and the creation of disability informed hospital environment specific for PD. Conclusion PD diagnosis impacts the care experience, regardless of the reason for hospitalization. While provision of PD medications was a challenge during hospitalization, participants also desired flexibility in ambulation protocols and an environment that accommodated their disability. These findings highlight the importance of integrating the perspectives of PwPs and CPs when targeting patient-centered interventions to improve hospital experiences and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Mihas
- Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nina Browner
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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12
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Viudez‐Martínez A, Ramírez‐López A, López‐Nieto J, Climent‐Grana E, Riera G. Antiparkinsonian Medication Reconciliation as a Strategy to Improve Safety by Preventing Medication Errors. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:1090-1098. [PMID: 37476316 PMCID: PMC10354616 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background About 70% of neurologists report that PD patients do not get their medication properly when hospitalized, and 33% are prescribed contraindicated drugs. Objectives To execute medication reconciliation (MedRec) focused on antiparkinsonian drugs to identify, characterize and, eventually, prevent medication errors, thus promoting therapeutic quality and safety in daily practice. Methods An interventional, single-center, 1 year, prospective study. All the patients who were hospitalized and had, at least, one active prescription containing an antiparkinsonian drug at hospital admission were included. MedRec was performed by following a three-phased check: inpatient electronic prescription validation after assessing the outpatient medication schedule, review of the latest clinical report emitted by the Neurology Department/General Practitioner, and pharmacist-driven interview of the patient and/or caregiver to confirm the information regarding medication gathered. Results A total of 171 admission episodes from 132 patients were registered (February 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022). Of 224 prescription lines involving antiparkinsonian drugs, 179 contained, at least, one medication error (59.8%). Commission errors (91.62%) were more frequent than omitted drugs (8.38%). The most common medication errors were related to timing (41.90%), frequency (21.23%), and dosing (19.55%). The implementation of this program prevented the erroneous administration of 2716 antiparkinsonian doses, 60% of the total number of doses prescribed. Interestingly, a significant relationship between the number of medication errors and having levodopa prescribed was evidenced (P < 0.05). A contraindicated drug was prescribed in almost one-third of the episodes (29.82%). Conclusions Clinical pharmacists' implementation of an antiparkinsonians reconciliation program sharply reduced medication errors and prescription of contraindicated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Viudez‐Martínez
- Pharmacy DepartmentInstituto Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario Dr. BalmisAlicanteSpain
| | - Ana Ramírez‐López
- Pharmacy DepartmentInstituto Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario Dr. BalmisAlicanteSpain
| | - Javier López‐Nieto
- Pharmacy DepartmentInstituto Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario Dr. BalmisAlicanteSpain
| | - Eduardo Climent‐Grana
- Pharmacy DepartmentInstituto Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario Dr. BalmisAlicanteSpain
| | - Gerónima Riera
- Pharmacy DepartmentInstituto Investigación Biomédica y Sanitaria de Alicante (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario Dr. BalmisAlicanteSpain
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13
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Chiew A, Mathew D, Kumar CM, Seet E, Imani F, Khademi SH. Anesthetic Considerations for Cataract Surgery in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Anesth Pain Med 2023; 13:e136093. [PMID: 38021330 PMCID: PMC10664173 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-136093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurological degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system, which is responsible for progressive disorders such as slow movements, tremors, rigidity, and cognitive disorders. There are no specific recommendations and guidelines for anesthetic management of patients with PD undergoing ophthalmic procedures. This narrative review aims to summarise the anesthetic considerations in patients with PD presenting for cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Chiew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun, Singapore
| | - David Mathew
- Department of Anaesthesia, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun, Singapore
| | - Chandra M. Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Yishun, Singapore
| | - Edwin Seet
- Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farnad Imani
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Hossein Khademi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Dalton KR, Kidd CJ, Hack N. Toxin Induced Parkinsonism and Hospitalization Related Adverse Outcome Mitigation for Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031074. [PMID: 36769726 PMCID: PMC9918159 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to the hospital have unique presentations. This unique subset of patients requires a multidisciplinary approach with a knowledge-based care team that can demonstrate awareness of complications specific to Parkinson's disease to reduce critical care admissions, morbidity, and mortality. Early recognition of toxic exposures, medication withdrawals, or medication-induced symptoms can reduce morbidity and mortality. This review can assist in the critical assessment of new or exacerbating Parkinson's disease symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Dalton
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Charles J. Kidd
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nawaz Hack
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Neurology, UTRGV Institute of Neuroscience, UTRGV School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX 78550, USA
- Correspondence: or or
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15
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Meng W, Kang F, Dong M, Wang S, Han M, Huang X, Wang S, Li J, Yang C. Remifentanil requirement for i-gel insertion is reduced in male patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation: an up-and-down sequential allocation trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:197. [PMID: 35751029 PMCID: PMC9229424 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laryngeal mask airways have been widely used in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the remifentanil requirement for facilitation of i-gel insertion in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery was different from that in non-PD (NPD) patients undergoing intracranial surgery. Study design An up-and-down sequential allocation trial. Methods Male patients aged between 40 and 64 years old were enrolled. The first patient in each group (PD and NPD) group received an effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil (Minto pharmacokinetic model) of 4.0 ng.ml−1 during a target-controlled infusion (TCI) of 3.5 μg.ml−1 propofol (Marsh pharmacokinetic model). The next dose of remifentanil was determined by the response of the previous patient. The Ce of remifentanil required for i-gel insertion in 50% of patients (EC50) was estimated by the modified Dixon’s up-and-down method and by probit analysis. Results The PD group included 24 patients and the NPD group included 23. The EC50 of remifentanil for i-gel insertion during a TCI of 3.5 μg.ml−1 propofol estimated by the modified Dixon’s up-and-down method in PD patients (2.38 ± 0.65 ng.ml−1) was significantly lower than in NPD patients (3.21 ± 0.49 ng.ml−1) (P = 0.03). From the probit analysis, the EC50 and EC95 (effective Ce in 95% of patients) of remifentanil were 1.95 (95% CI 1.52–2.36) ng.ml−1 and 3.12 (95% CI 2.53–5.84) ng.ml−1 in PD patients and 2.85 (95% CI 2.26–3.41) ng.ml−1 and 4.57 (95% CI 3.72–8.54) ng.ml−1 in NPD patients, respectively. Conclusions The remifentanil requirement for successful i-gel insertion is reduced in male PD patients undergoing DBS implantation during propofol TCI induction. Clinicians should closely monitor the remifentanil requirement in patients with PD. Trial registration Registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1900021760).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fang Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Meirong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China.
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16
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Bakker M, Johnson ME, Corre L, Mill DN, Li X, Woodman RJ, Johnson JL. Identifying rates and risk factors for medication errors during hospitalization in the Australian Parkinson's disease population: A 3-year, multi-center study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267969. [PMID: 35507635 PMCID: PMC9067649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Admission to hospital introduces risks for people with Parkinson's disease in maintaining continuity of their highly individualized medication regimens, which increases their risk of medication errors. This is of particular concern as omitted medications and irregular dosing can cause an immediate increase in an individual's symptoms as well as other adverse outcomes such as swallowing difficulties, aspiration pneumonia, frozen gait and even potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant type syndrome. OBJECTIVE To determine the occurrence and identify factors that contribute to Parkinson's medication errors in Australian hospitals. METHODS A retrospective discharge diagnosis code search identified all admissions for people with Parkinson's disease to three tertiary metropolitan hospitals in South Australia, Australia over a 3-year period. Of the 405 case notes reviewed 351 admissions met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS Medication prescribing (30.5%) and administration (85%) errors during admission were extremely common, with the most frequent errors related to administration of levodopa preparations (83%). A higher levodopa equivalent dosage, patients with a modified swallowing status or nil by mouth order during admission, and patients who did not have a pharmacist led medication history within 24 hours of admission had significantly higher rates of medication errors. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 3 major independent factors that increased the risk of errors during medication management for people with Parkinson's disease during hospitalization. Thus, targeting these areas for preventative interventions have the greatest chance of producing a clinically meaningful impact on the number of hospital medication errors occurring in the Parkinson's population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bakker
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michaela E. Johnson
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Corre
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deanna N. Mill
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xingzhuo Li
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard J. Woodman
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Johnson
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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17
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Hogg E, Frank S, Oft J, Benway B, Rashid MH, Lahiri S. Urinary Tract Infection in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:743-757. [PMID: 35147552 PMCID: PMC9108555 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common precipitant of acute neurological deterioration in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a leading cause of delirium, functional decline, falls, and hospitalization. Various clinical features of PD including autonomic dysfunction and altered urodynamics, frailty and cognitive impairment, and the need for bladder catheterization contribute to an increased risk of UTI. Sepsis due to UTI is a feared consequence of untreated or undertreated UTI and a leading cause of morbidity in PD. Emerging research suggests that immune-mediated brain injury may underlie the pathogenesis of UTI-induced deterioration of PD symptoms. Existing strategies to prevent UTI in patients with PD include use of topical estrogen, prophylactic supplements, antibiotic bladder irrigation, clean catheterization techniques, and prophylactic oral antibiotics, while bacterial interference and vaccines/immunostimulants directed against common UTI pathogens are potentially emerging strategies that are currently under investigation. Future research is needed to mitigate the deleterious effects of UTI in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Hogg
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Frank
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jillian Oft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Benway
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Shouri Lahiri
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Dexmedetomidine attenuates motor deficits via restoring the function of neurons in the nigrostriatal circuit in Parkinson's disease model mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174806. [PMID: 35150656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration in nigrostriatal dopamine pathway that is essential to control motor functions. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative and analgesic drug, is often used in patients with PD undergoing surgery. Although DEX seems to have promising future applications in neuroprotection, whether and how DEX alter the function of nigrostriatal circuit and its roles on motor deficits in PD remain unclear. Here we report that DEX attenuated motor deficits in a dose-dependent manner and protected the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced PD model mice. The DEX acted on the neurons in the nigrostriatal circuits, including activation of dopaminergic neurons and the reduction of the excitabilities of striatal neurons via dopamine D2 receptors. We further found that DEX prevented the increase in glutamatergic transmission of cholinergic interneurons (CINs) to alleviate motor dysfunction. It also decreased the intrinsic excitability and glutamatergic transmission of striatal D2 medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs). Finally, D2 receptor antagonists prevented the restoration of DEX on motor deficits. These results demonstrate that DEX, a neuroprotective drug, restores the function of nigrostriatal neurons and improves the motor deficits, providing a potential neural mechanism of the effects of anesthetic drugs on PD progression.
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19
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Richard G, Redmond A, Penugonda M, Bradley D. Parkinson's Disease Medication Prescribing and Administration During Unplanned Hospital Admissions. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:334-339. [PMID: 35402654 PMCID: PMC8974884 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of 1% to 3%. Treatment includes supplementation of central dopaminergic neurotransmission with levodopa preparations and dopamine agonists. Misprescribing and delayed administration of these medications on admission to hospital can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Objective We aimed to assess the accuracy of time-critical PD medication prescribing and administration during unplanned hospital admissions. Methods Patients admitted during a 15-month period with PD on time-critical PD medications were included. Their electronic patient records were compared with the pharmacist medication reconciliation to assess accuracy of admission prescribing. Accuracy of administration was assessed by comparing the time medications were administered to the time they were due. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used to perform statistical analysis in this study. Results A total of 102 admissions of 70 patients (67% men) were included for analysis. These patients were on 1.6 ± 0.8 time-critical PD medications before admission, accounting for 4.1 ± 1.8 administrations per day. Time-critical medications were prescribed correctly on admission in 50% of admissions, with errors in medication timing most common (31.6%). Of all doses, 51.7% were administered >30 minutes late, and 29.7% of doses were administered >1 hour late. Female sex, a higher number of medications, and more frequent administrations were significantly associated with the rate of medication error. Conclusion This study demonstrates high rates of inaccurate prescribing and inaccurate administration of time-sensitive medication in a cohort of patients with PD admitted acutely to hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aine Redmond
- Department of NeurologySt James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland
| | | | - David Bradley
- Department of NeurologySt James's HospitalDublin 8Ireland,School of MedicineTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland
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20
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Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in Parkinson's disease: a clinical trial. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136449. [PMID: 35026333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Motor and psychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) constitute some of the most problematic issues for both the patients and their caregivers. This study evaluated the short- and long-term efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in PD patients whose psychiatric symptoms had been exacerbated due to drug therapy. Fifteen PD patients were treated using an electroshock device at a range of 25-100 Joules over a period of 6 weeks, during 12 sessions. Motor and psychiatric symptoms of all patients were evaluated before conducting ECT as baseline, after 12 sessions of ECT at the 6th week, and one month after completion of the treatment at the 10th week. The results showed that the variables mentation, behavior, mood, performance of daily activities, and severity of motor and psychiatric symptoms, were significantly improved at the end of the 6th and 10th weeks when compared with the baseline. Moreover, the results revealed that the mean values were significantly different only for motor symptoms at the end of the study (10th week) compared with the second time point. The current trial may indicate that ECT could potentially serve as a viable treatment for PD patients with refractory psychiatric symptoms. However, due to waning efficacy of ECT, it is recommended that PD patients undergo a conventional treatment in conjunction with periodic ECT sessions to ensure an optimal medical outcome.
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21
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Zaman MS, Ghahari S, McColl MA. Barriers to Accessing Healthcare Services for People with Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1537-1553. [PMID: 34308913 PMCID: PMC8609702 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a complex condition that affects many different aspects of a person's health. Because of its complexity, people with Parkinson's disease require access to a variety of healthcare services. The aim of the present study was to identify the barriers to access healthcare services for people with Parkinson's disease. We conducted a scoping review according to guidelines posed by Arksey & O'Malley (2005). A search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, and PsycINFO databases was conducted, and 38 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The review findings identified person-level and system-level barriers. The person-level barriers included skills required to seek healthcare services, ability to engage in healthcare and cost for services. The system-level barriers included the availability of appropriate healthcare resources. Based on the existing barriers elucidated in the scope review, we have discussed potential areas in healthcare that require improvement for people with Parkinson's disease to manage their healthcare needs more equitably.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Setareh Ghahari
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Mary Ann McColl
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
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22
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Cowley E, Miller MR, Yin C, Kelly L. Correlation between Medication Administration-Related Errors in Patients with Parkinson Disease and Timing of Pharmacy-Led Best Possible Medication Histories. Can J Hosp Pharm 2021; 74:15-20. [PMID: 33487650 PMCID: PMC7801329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor prescribing and incomplete medication administration have been linked to increased lengths of hospitalization for patients with Parkinson disease. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has recommended that patients with Parkinson disease receive a pharmacy consultation within 2 h of admission to hospital. OBJECTIVES To examine whether the time for a pharmacy team member to obtain a best possible medication history (BPMH) was associated with administration-related medication errors. The primary outcome was the proportion of doses with a medication error during a patient's admission in relation to the time to completion of the initial BPMH by a registered pharmacist (RPh) or registered pharmacy technician (RPhT). The secondary objective was to compare the proportion of doses with a medication error in relation to whether the BPMH was completed by an RPh or an RPhT. METHODS This retrospective chart review involved patients with Parkinson disease who were admitted to the medicine services at London Health Sciences Centre from September 30, 2014, to September 30, 2018. Patients were included if they had Parkinson disease and a medication regimen that included levodopa-carbidopa. For all patients, an RPhT or RPh conducted the initial BPMH or updated the BPMH. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine whether a correlation existed between administration-related errors and completion of the BPMH by a pharmacy staff member. RESULTS A total of 84 patients with 104 admissions were included. There was no significant correlation between the time to completion of the initial BPMH by a pharmacy team member and the proportion of doses with medication errors (p = 0.32). Although RPhTs completed the BPMHs more quickly than RPhs (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference between pharmacy team members in terms of the proportion of doses with medication errors (p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS Completing a BPMH within 2 h of a patient's admission, as per the ISMP recommendation, is unlikely to affect administration-related medication errors, given that no correlation was identified. Expediting BPMH without addressing other factors is insufficient, and initiatives are required to improve the medication administration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cowley
- , PharmD, ACPR, was, at the time of this study, a Year I Pharmacy Resident at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario. She is now a Pharmacist with Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Michael R Miller
- , PhD, is a Statistician with the Department of Paediatrics and the Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Charles Yin
- , PhD, is an MD/PhD candidate with the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario
| | - Lynne Kelly
- , BScPharm, ACPR, is a Pharmacist with the Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
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23
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Follow-Up of Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients after Clinical or Surgical Emergencies: A Practical Approach. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:8860785. [PMID: 33178411 PMCID: PMC7647779 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8860785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with advanced stage Parkinson's disease (PD) typically present with a myriad of motor and nonmotor symptoms in addition to comorbidities and, as a consequence, polypharmacy. Objective To analyze a series of cases of advanced PD in which a clinical or surgical emergency played a trigger role in the irreversible progression of landmarks of the course of the disease. Methods Data were collected during a 13-month observational period of a cohort of 230 PD patients, in 751 medical appointments. We included a total of 13 (5.65% of the total number) patients with advanced PD defined by Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage ≥3 who presented with various clinical and surgical complications which, with the contribution of drug interventions, led to significant worsening of patients' overall clinical condition. Results Hip fractures and infections were the most common complications identified. As part of this scenario, most patients presented with delirium, often requiring treatment with dopamine receptor blocking agents and/or had dopaminergic treatment withdrawn. Upon reassessment after 3 months, all patients remained bed or wheel chair bound (H&Y 5) and presented significant worsening of their UPDRS part III score of at least 10 points (mean 51.5 ± 3.3; paired t-test two-tailed p < 0.0001 compared to baseline). The mean dose of levodopa at baseline was 907.7 ± 149.8 mg (600–1200) and significantly higher (paired t-test two-tailed p < 0.0001) on follow-up, 1061.5 ± 175.8 mg (700–1300). Conclusion Clinical and surgical emergencies are major determinants for a progression of PD to more advanced stages.
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Azmi H, Cocoziello L, Nyirenda T, Douglas C, Jacob B, Thomas J, Cricco D, Finnerty G, Sommer K, Rocco A, Thomas R, Roth P, Thomas FP. Adherence to a strict medication protocol can reduce length of stay in hospitalized patients with Parkinson's Disease. Clin Park Relat Disord 2020; 3:100076. [PMID: 34316654 PMCID: PMC8298768 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) are at higher risk of complications when admitted to the hospital. Delays in PD medications and use of contraindicated medications contribute to the increased risk and prolong their lengths of stay (LOS). Using a hospital-wide PD protocol, we aimed to ensure PD medications were placed with "custom" timing to resemble the home schedules, and also to avoid ordering or administering contraindicated medications. Material and methods 569 patients admitted in 2017 and 2018, were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age was 76.5 (SD 10.6), 332 were males and 237 were females. Charts were reviewed to assess if A) PD medications were ordered with custom timing, B) if not, were the orders changed to custom timed C) if contraindicated medications were ordered, and D) if they were administered. We also assessed the actual/expected length of stay during this time period. Chi Square and post hoc analyses were done to compare time points. Poisson regression analysis was done to assess relative improvement of variables. Results There was a 2.7 fold increase in orders placed with custom timing in 2018 compared to 2017 (RR = 2.651, 95%CI: 1.860-3.780, p < 0.0001), and a 3.2 fold increase in correction of non-custom orders in the same time period (RR = 3.246, 95%CI: 1.875-1.619, p < 0.0001). We also observed a decrease in the actual/expected LOS ratio from 1.54 to 1.32 (p < 0.05). Conclusion By utilizing an established platform for quality improvement, we were able to improve adherence to the home medication regimen timing in admitted PD patients. Our findings also suggests that adherence to a strict medication regimen protocol may decrease LOS for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Azmi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Lisa Cocoziello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Themba Nyirenda
- Clinical Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.,Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Claudia Douglas
- Evidence Based Practice and Nursing Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Blessy Jacob
- Transition Care Pharmacy, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Jewell Thomas
- Transition Care Pharmacy, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Donna Cricco
- Department of Perioperative Nursing, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Giuseppina Finnerty
- Department of Patient Care, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Kirsten Sommer
- Department of Patient Care, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony Rocco
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Randy Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.,Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Florian P Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.,Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
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Abboud H, Genc G, Saad S, Thompson N, Oravivattanakul S, Alsallom F, Yu XX, Floden D, Gostkowski M, Ahmed A, Ezzeldin A, Marouf HM, Mansour OY, Fernandez HH. Factors Associated With Postoperative Confusion and Prolonged Hospital Stay Following Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson Disease. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:524-529. [PMID: 31432068 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several patient and disease characteristics are thought to influence DBS outcomes; however, most previous studies have focused on long-term outcomes with only a few addressing immediate postoperative course. OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictors of immediate outcomes (postoperative confusion and length of postoperative hospitalization) following deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS) in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of PD patients who underwent DBS at our institution from 2006 to 2011. We computed the proportion of patients with postoperative confusion and those with postoperative hospitalization longer than 2 d. To look for associations, Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical predictors and logistic regression for continuous predictors. RESULTS We identified 130 patients [71% male, mean age: 63 ± 9.1, mean PD duration: 10.7 ± 5.1]. There were 7 cases of postoperative confusion and 19 of prolonged postoperative hospitalization. Of the 48 patients with tremors, none had postoperative confusion, whereas 10.1% of patients without tremors had confusion (P = .0425). Also, 10.2% of patients with preoperative falls/balance-dysfunction had postoperative confusion, whereas only 1.6% of patients without falls/balance-dysfunction had postoperative confusion (P = .0575). For every one-unit increase in score on the preoperative on-UPDRS III/MDS-UPDRS III score, the odds of having postoperative confusion increased by 10% (P = .0420). The following factors were noninfluential: age, disease duration, dyskinesia, gait freezing, preoperative levodopa-equivalent dose, number of intraoperative microelectrode passes, and laterality/side of surgery. CONCLUSION Absence of tremors and higher preoperative UPDRS III predicted postoperative confusion after DBS in PD patients. Clinicians' awareness of these predictors can guide their decision making regarding patient selection and surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Abboud
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Neurology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gencer Genc
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Saira Saad
- Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Center, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicolas Thompson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Neurological Institute, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Faisal Alsallom
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xin Xin Yu
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Darlene Floden
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michal Gostkowski
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ayman Ezzeldin
- Department of Neurology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Marouf
- Department of Neurology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ossama Y Mansour
- Department of Neurology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may undergo several elective and emergency surgeries. Motor fluctuations, the presence of a wide range of non-motor symptoms (NMS), and the use of several medications, often not limited to dopaminergic agents, make the perioperative management of PD challenging. However, the literature on perioperative management of PD is sparse. In this descriptive review article, we comprehensively discuss the issues in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative phases which may negatively affect the PD patients and discuss the approach to their prevention and management. The major preoperative challenges include accurate medication reconciliation and administration of the dopaminergic medications during the nil per os (NPO) state. While the former can be addressed with staff education and PD-specific admission protocols, knowledge of non-oral formulations of dopaminergic agents (apomorphine, inhalational levodopa, and rotigotine transdermal patch) is the key to the management of the Parkinsonian symptoms in NPO state. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices should be turned off to avert potential electromagnetic interference with surgical appliances. Choosing the appropriate anesthesia and avoiding and managing respiratory issues and dysautonomia are the major intraoperative challenges. Timely reinitiation of dopaminergic medications, adequate management of pain, nausea, and vomiting, and prevention of postoperative infections and delirium are the postoperative challenges. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach is pivotal to prevent and manage the perioperative complications in PD. Administration of anti-Parkinson medications during NPO state, prevention of anesthesia-related complications, and timely rehabilitation remain the key to healthy surgical outcomes.
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Corrado J, Jackson O, Baxandall D, Robson J, Duggan-Carter P, Throssell J, Westgarth T, Chhokar G, Alty J, Cracknell A. Get Parkinson's medications on time: the Leeds QI project. Age Ageing 2020; 49:865-872. [PMID: 32672336 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Delayed administration of PD medications is associated with increased risk of life-threatening complications including choking, aspiration pneumonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In 2016, the spouse of a patient with PD wrote to Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust (LTHT) to highlight that multiple medication delays and omissions had occurred during his recent admission. In response, LTHT formed a PD quality improvement (QI) Collaborative of multidisciplinary members committed to ensuring timely PD medication administration. The faculty used Institute for Healthcare Improvement Model for Improvement QI methodology. Interventions were tested on pilot wards and the most successful were scaled up and spread across all 90 adult inpatient wards as an 'intervention bundle'. Between January 2016 and June 2020 mean delays in the time from admission to first dose of medication dropped from over 7 to under 1 h. The mean percentage of omitted PD medications reduced from 15.1 to 0.6%. Project success was multifactorial but due to: Simplicity of interventions.Multiprofessional ownership by frontline teams to make changes and take prompt action.The spouse of the patient taking a leading role in the Collaborative, bringing her unique personal insight and experience, which facilitated behavioural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Corrado
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, ST3 Rehabilitation Medicine Trainee, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Oliver Jackson
- Department of Medicine, CT2 Core Medical Trainee, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David Baxandall
- Department of Informatics, Senior Information Analyst, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jeremy Robson
- Department of Medicines Management, Advanced Clinical Pharmacist, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Philippa Duggan-Carter
- Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Specialist Nurse, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Tracy Westgarth
- Area Development Manager - North, Parkinson's UK, London SW1V 1EJ, UK
| | - Gurjit Chhokar
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Consultant in Medicine for Older People, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jane Alty
- Department of Neurosciences, Consultant Neurologist, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alison Cracknell
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Consultant in Medicine for Older People, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Ortiz MS. “On time ‐ every time” A new strategy for dosing levodopa in hospital. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Ortiz
- Conjoint Associate Professor St Vincent’s Clinical School University of NSW Darlinghurst New South Wales Australia
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Fullard M, Thibault D, Zisling H, Crispo JA, Willis A. Parkinson Disease Associated Differences in Elective Orthopedic Surgery Outcomes: A National Readmissions Database Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:1577-1586. [PMID: 32597816 PMCID: PMC7683077 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-201992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Advances in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have allowed for improvements in mortality and quality survival, making the management of comorbid conditions of aging, such as osteoarthritis, crucial. Objective: To determine the extent to which PD impacts hospitalization outcomes after an elective orthopedic procedure. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Readmissions Database and included adults ages 40 and above with and without PD. Primary outcomes included length of stay of the index admission, discharge disposition and 30-day readmission. Logistic regression was used to compare the odds of readmission for PD patients compared to non-PD. Clinical conditions associated with readmission were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 4,781 subjects with PD and 947,475 subjects without PD met inclusion criteria. Length of stay (LOS) during the index admission was longer for PD patients. PD patients were much more likely to be discharged to inpatient post-acute care (49.3% vs 26.2%) while non-PD subjects were more likely to be discharged home with (31.9% [PD] vs 44.8% [non-PD]) or without home health (18.7% [PD] vs 28.9% [non-PD]). A total of 271 PD patients (5.66%) and 28,079 non-PD patients (2.96%) were readmitted within 30 days following surgery. After adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, expected payer, comorbidities, index admission LOS, year and discharge disposition, PD subjects were 31% more likely to be readmitted than non-PD subjects (AOR 1.31, 1.07–1.62). Conclusions: Parkinson’s disease patients were readmitted more often than non-PD patients, although the rate of readmission was still low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fullard
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dylan Thibault
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - James A Crispo
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Allison Willis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Development of a Joint Commission Disease-Specific Care Certification Program for Parkinson Disease in an Acute Care Hospital. J Neurosci Nurs 2020; 51:313-319. [PMID: 31626076 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) admitted to the hospital for any reason are at a higher risk of hospital-related complications. Frequent causes include delays in administering PD medications or use of contraindicated medications. The Joint Commission Disease-Specific Care (DSC) program has been used to establish a systematic approach to the care of specific inpatient populations. Once obtained, this certification demonstrates a commitment to patient care and safety, which is transparent to the public and can improve quality of care. METHODS We formalized our efforts to improve the care of hospitalized patients with PD by pursuing Joint Commission DSC. An interprofessional team was assembled to include nurses, therapists, physicians, pharmacists, performance improvement specialists, and data analysts. The team identified quality metrics based on clinical guidelines. In addition, a large educational campaign was undertaken. Application to the Joint Commission for DSC resulted in a successful June 15, 2018 site visit. To our knowledge, this is the first DSC program in PD in an acute care hospital. CONCLUSION Using the established platform of DSC certification from the Joint Commission, we developed a program based on relevant metrics that aims to address medication management of patients with PD admitted to the hospital. Our hope is to improve the care of this vulnerable patient population.
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Okunoye O, Kojima G, Marston L, Walters K, Schrag A. Factors associated with hospitalisation among people with Parkinson's disease - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 71:66-72. [PMID: 32156461 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an increased risk of admission to hospital; however data on the main reasons for admission are lacking. Our objective was to determine the pooled prevalence of the most common factors leading to admission among people with Parkinson's disease. METHODOLOGY A systematic literature search was conducted in 11 electronic databases. We included all studies providing reasons for admissions among PD patients without restrictions to diagnostic criteria of PD, language or year of study. In the included studies, methodological quality, publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the pooled estimates of the identified top factors that lead to admission among people with PD. RESULTS A total of 7283 studies were identified of which nine studies including 7162 people with PD were included in this review. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies regarding reasons for hospitalisation. The pooled prevalence of the topmost reasons for hospitalisation among people with PD was 22% (95%CI 16.0%–30.0%) for infections (mainly urinary tract infections and pneumonia); 19% (95%CI 13.0%–27.0%) for worsening motor manifestations of PD; 18% (95%CI 14.0%–21.0%) for falls/fractures; 13% (95%CI 9.0%–18%) for cardiovascular co-morbidities; 8% (95%CI 4.0%–13.0%) for neuropsychiatric and 7% (95%CI 4.0%–11.0%) for gastrointestinal complications. CONCLUSION The main reasons for hospitalisation among people with PD are infections, worsening motor features, falls/fractures, cardiovascular co-morbidities, neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal complications. Further research is needed on targeting and implementing preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan Okunoye
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, UK.
| | - Gotaro Kojima
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK
| | - Louise Marston
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, UK
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, UK
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Furnish C, Wagner S, Dangler A, Schwarz K, Trujillo T, Stolpman N, May S. Evaluation of Medication Administration Timing-Are We Meeting Our Goals? J Pharm Pract 2020; 34:750-754. [PMID: 32070193 DOI: 10.1177/0897190020905456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 482.23(c) regarding medication administration, hospital policies and procedures must identify time-critical scheduled medications which must be administered within 30 minutes either before or after the scheduled dosing time, for a total administration window of 1 hour. OBJECTIVE The general objective of this analysis was to determine whether there was a difference in meeting medication administration goals when comparing time-critical to non-time-critical scheduled medication administration in both intensive care units (ICUs) and general medical floors at a large, academic medical center. METHODS Data were collected in 6 inpatient nursing units (3 general medical units and 3 ICUs) during the month of June 2017. Electronic medical record charge data for medications were used to evaluate timeliness of medication administration. RESULTS In total, 69,794 medication administrations were evaluated. Of 389 administrations of time-critical scheduled medications, 268 (69%) were administered on time. Of 69,405 administrations of non-time-critical scheduled medications, 58,099 (84%) were administered on time (P < 0.001). ICUs had a higher percentage of on-time administrations than general medical units (89% vs 77%, P < 0.001), and nurses had a higher percentage of on-time administrations than respiratory therapists (84% vs 63%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Non-time-critical scheduled medications were more commonly administered on time compared with time-critical scheduled medications. Staff education and optimizations to the electronic health record (EHR) are interventions that may improve administration of time-critical scheduled medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Furnish
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samantha Wagner
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Kerry Schwarz
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Toby Trujillo
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Sondra May
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
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Nance MA, Boettcher L, Edinger G, Gardner J, Kitzmann R, Erickson LO, Wichmann R, Wielinski CL. Quality Improvement in Parkinson's Disease: A Successful Program to Enhance Timely Administration of Levodopa in the Hospital. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020; 10:1551-1559. [PMID: 32623407 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients hospitalized with Parkinson's disease (PD) require timely delivery of carbidopa-levodopa (C/L) medication. Ill-timed administration of C/L doses is associated with greater morbidity and longer lengths of stay. OBJECTIVE To understand the barriers to timely C/L administration, and implement strategies to improve the administration of the drug to hospitalized PD patients. METHODS Several key strategies were employed in 2015 to improve the timely delivery of C/L doses: 1. three kinds of nursing alert in the electronic medical record (EMR); 2. staff in-service education; 3. stocking immediate-release C/L into automated medication dispensing machines on key hospital units; 4. reports to nurse unit managers on timeliness of C/L administration; and 5. reconciliation of inpatient and outpatient levodopa orders by the hospital pharmacist upon admission. The primary outcome was the percent of C/L doses administered within 60, 30, and 15 minutes of scheduled time. RESULTS Our urban hospital, affiliated with a Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, had 5,939 C/L administrations in 2018. There was sustained improvement in timely delivery of doses, from 89.3% in 2012 to 96.5% in 2018 (within 60 minutes of the scheduled time), 65.5% to 86.4% (30 minutes), and 42.3% to 71.1% (15 minutes) (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS With multifaceted but relatively simple measures, we were able to "change the culture" so that hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease receive levodopa on time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joan Gardner
- Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Rose Wichmann
- Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, MN, USA
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Tran T, Taylor SE, Hardidge A, Mitri E, Aminian P, George J, Elliott RA. The Prevalence and Nature of Medication Errors and Adverse Events Related to Preadmission Medications When Patients Are Admitted to an Orthopedic Inpatient Unit: An Observational Study. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 53:252-260. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028018802472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication errors commonly occur when patients move from the community into hospital. Whereas medication reconciliation by pharmacists can detect errors, delays in undertaking this can increase the risk that patients receive incorrect admission medication regimens. Orthopedic patients are an at-risk group because they are often elderly and use multiple medications. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and nature of medication errors when patients are admitted to an orthopedic unit where pharmacists routinely undertake postprescribing medication reconciliation. Methods: A 10-week retrospective observational study was conducted at a major metropolitan hospital in Australia. Medication records of orthopedic inpatients were evaluated to determine the number of prescribing and administration errors associated with patients’ preadmission medications and the number of related adverse events that occurred within 72 hours of admission. Results: Preadmission, 198 patients were taking at least 1 regular medication, of whom 176 (88.9%) experienced at least 1 medication error. The median number of errors per patient was 6 (interquartile range 3-10). Unintended omission of a preadmission medication was the most common prescribing error (87.4%). There were 17 adverse events involving 24 medications in 16 (8.1%) patients that were potentially related to medication errors; 6 events were deemed moderate consequence (moderate injury or harm, increased length of stay, or cancelled/delayed treatment), and the remainder were minor. Conclusion and Relevance: Medication errors were common when orthopedic patients were admitted to hospital, despite postprescribing pharmacist medication reconciliation. Some of these errors led to patient harm. Interventions that ensure that medications are prescribed correctly at admission are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tran
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rohan A. Elliott
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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35
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Hunt KV, Harding AM, Taylor SE, Curtain C. Evaluation of medication dose omissions amongst inpatients in a hospital using an electronic Medication Management System. J Eval Clin Pract 2018; 24:688-694. [PMID: 29786928 DOI: 10.1111/jep.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS, AND OBJECTIVES Whilst many dose omissions cause no patient harm, inappropriate dose omissions have been associated with increased length of hospital stay, risk of sepsis, and mortality. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the prevalence and nature of omitted doses overall and of high risk medication dose omissions in an organization using an electronic Medication Management System. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in an Australian tertiary referral health service. All routinely documented electronic inpatient dose administration records from 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2015 were included. Period prevalence and characteristics of dose omissions overall and of high-risk medication dose omissions were determined. RESULTS During the study period, 3.3 million inpatient doses were scheduled for administration, with doses endorsed as "not given" comprising 6.2% of all scheduled doses. Non-valid dose omissions (medication not available or no justification documented) comprised 1.2% of scheduled doses. Patient refusal accounted for one third of all dose omissions, while for 12% no explanation was provided and 7% were endorsed "medication not available". High-risk medications accounted for 20% of all dose omissions. One in 20 antimicrobial doses scheduled were omitted, and of these, 17% were due to patient refusal. CONCLUSION The period prevalence of dose omissions in this large study after electronic Medication Management System implementation is similar to that found when paper charts were used. Although most dose omissions appear appropriate, many orders were not given due to patient refusal or with no documented justification. Interventions to minimize unintentional dose omissions are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V Hunt
- Pharmacy Department, Austin Health, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, 3084
| | - Andrew M Harding
- Pharmacy Department, Austin Health, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, 3084
| | - Simone E Taylor
- Pharmacy Department, Austin Health, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, 3084
| | - Colin Curtain
- Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Roberts DP, Lewis SJG. Considerations for general anaesthesia in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 48:34-41. [PMID: 29133106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly which when present has a significant influence on surgical management. These patients necessitate additional perioperative and anaesthetic considerations across disease specific domains as well as in relation to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This brief review focuses on the factors which contribute to perioperative morbidity, including the use of medications that may exacerbate symptoms or adversely interact with treatments for Parkinson's disease. Recommended dosing practices to reduce complications during hospitalisation are covered. In addition, recent concerns regarding anaesthetic exposure in early childhood as a risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease are discussed in light of data from animal models of anaesthetic neurotoxicity and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Margolesky J, Singer C. It is dopey to stop giving dopamine to hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 18:1-3. [PMID: 29027821 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1392857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Margolesky
- a Department of Neurology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Carlos Singer
- a Department of Neurology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
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Muzerengi S, Rick C, Begaj I, Ives N, Evison F, Woolley R, Clarke C. Coding accuracy for Parkinson's disease hospital admissions: implications for healthcare planning in the UK. Public Health 2017; 146:4-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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DiBartolo MC. Enhancing Care for Hospitalized Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Development of a Formal Educational Program for Nursing Staff. J Gerontol Nurs 2017; 43:18-22. [PMID: 28253409 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20170223-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although not generally a primary admission diagnosis, Parkinson's disease (PD) can be a significant comorbidity during hospitalization. Hospitalized individuals with PD can experience a variety of complications, such as confusion, pneumonia, and urinary infections. More than 20% of patients experience deterioration in symptoms and hospital stays are extended by an average of 4 days. Late, omitted, or inappropriate medications are frequent culprits leading to serious consequences, including falls and aspiration. To address an identified gap in staff knowledge about PD, a formal educational program was developed to review its etiology, symptoms, treatments, and unique considerations in care and medication administration. This 2-hour intervention comprises a knowledge pre-test, PowerPoint® presentation, two concise handouts for reference, discussion of an unfolding case study, and review of the Aware in Care kit. Nurses can play a key role in educating staff to reduce avoidable hospital-related complications and enhance outcomes for this vulnerable group. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(5), 18-22.].
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Shastay A. Delayed Administration and Contraindicated Drugs Place Parkinson Disease Patients at Risk. Home Healthc Now 2017; 35:118-120. [PMID: 28157779 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Shastay
- Ann Shastay, MSN, RN, AOCN, is the Managing Editor at Institute for Safe Medication Practices, Horsham, Pennsylvania
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Lertxundi U, Isla A, Solinís MÁ, Echaburu SD, Hernandez R, Peral-Aguirregoitia J, Medrano J, García-Moncó JC. Medication errors in Parkinson's disease inpatients in the Basque Country. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 36:57-62. [PMID: 28065403 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) medication errors, including both missing dopaminergic drug doses and antidopaminergic usage, have been suggested as risk factors for prolonged hospital stays. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of such errors in PD patients admitted to public acute-care hospitals in the Basque Country over a two year period and their association with clinically relevant adverse health outcomes, such as length of hospital stay and mortality. METHODS All PD patients admitted to any of the 11 public acute-care hospitals in the Basque Country in 2011-2012 were included. Medication errors involved incorrect timing or the complete omission of administration for dopaminergic drugs, and the administration of centrally acting antidopaminergics. A logistic regression and a competing risk analysis were applied to verify whether those errors affected intrahospital mortality and length of stay. RESULTS The study included 1628 patients admitted 2546 times. Medication errors, affecting almost one third of admissions and half of patients, were associated with higher mortality: inappropriately omitted dopaminergic drug doses OR = 1.92 CI 95% (1.34-2.76); inappropriate antiemetic administration OR = 2.15 CI 95% (1.36-3.39); and inappropriate antipsychotic administration OR = 1.91 CI 95% (1.33-1.73). Inappropriately omitted doses and both inappropriate antipsychotic and antiemetic administration were associated with a significant 4-day increase in median hospital stay. CONCLUSION Medication errors (missing dopaminergic drug doses and centrally acting antidopaminergic use) are not only associated with increased length of hospital stays in PD patients, but also with a higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unax Lertxundi
- Pharmacy Service, Araba Mental Health Network, C/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
| | - Arantxa Isla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Saioa Domingo- Echaburu
- Pharmacy Service, Alto Deba Integrated Health Organization, Avda. Nafarroa 16, 20500 Arrasate Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Rafael Hernandez
- Internal Medicine Service, Araba Mental Health Network, C/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | | | - Juan Medrano
- Psychiatry Service, Bizkaia Mental Health Network, Portugalete, Bizkaia, Spain
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Harris M, Fry M. The utilisation of one district hospital emergency department by people with Parkinson's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 20:1-5. [PMID: 28073650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in Australia and the economic burden is more than $8.3 billion a year and predicted to escalate. However, little is known of the trends and characteristics of people with Parkinson's disease presenting to emergency departments (ED). METHOD The study design was a 12 month retrospective medical record audit. The study was conducted in one metropolitan 300 bed district hospital in an outer suburb of Sydney. RESULTS One hundred and twenty nine adult patients (0.4%) with PD presented with a mean age of 79.5 years (SD 7.7); all were over 60 years of age. Of the 129 PD patient cases, there were 260 separate ED episodes of care with the majority (n=151; 58.1%) of patients living in the community and presenting with falls (n=108; 41.5%). There was no statistical difference in triage code allocation when comparing PD patients and ED adult patients (over 60years). There was no difference in representation rate when comparing those over 80years (n=128) with those under 80 years (n=132). The average length of stay for PD patient episodes was 323min (SD 225) compared with 193min (SD 136) for ED patients. Younger adult patient episodes (n=132; 51.0%) were admitted to hospital more frequently than those aged over 80 years (Pearson's X2 test 162.2; df 1; p<0.001. CONCLUSION We identified in this study that people with PD have a high rate of falls, longer length of stay, high admission rate and represent frequently to the ED. Improved detection, management and a multidisciplinary approach for people with PD along with strict medication regime adherence is likely to improve safety, quality of life, reduce symptom aggravation and ongoing risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Fry
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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Skelly R, Brown L, Fogarty A. Delayed administration of dopaminergic drugs is not associated with prolonged length of stay of hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 35:25-29. [PMID: 27889470 PMCID: PMC5292103 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Punctual delivery of dopaminergic medication to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients may be important in optimizing disease control. We tested the hypothesis that prompt delivery of l-dopa medications to emergency hospital inpatients was associated with a decreased length of stay in hospital. Methods The study population consisted of all urgent hospitalizations for patients with a diagnosis of PD to the Royal Derby Hospital over a two-year period. Data were extracted on timing of delivery of drugs, number of co-morbidities and length of stay. Statistical analysis used linear regression adjusting for within admission clustering. Results 431 individuals provided data from a total of 737 admissions. 39% of scheduled l-dopa doses were either not given or administered over 30 min later than the scheduled time. There was no association between the omission or timing of a dose of PD medication and length of stay in hospital. The number of coded diagnoses was strongly associated with length of stay with a dose-response association (pTREND<0.001). Those with 10 concurrent diagnoses had a 11 day longer stay (95% confidence intervals: +2 to +21) than those with no comorbidities. Conclusions Delayed administration of dopaminergic drugs is not associated with prolonged length of stay of in patients with PD who were admitted to hospital as an emergency. However, the number of co-existing medical diagnoses was associated with length of stay, and early attention to these has the potential to improve patient care and decrease length of stay in hospital. The study population was 737 emergency admissions of PD patients. 39% of l-dopa doses were omitted or delayed more than 30 min. Delays to l-dopa administration in hospital do not prolong length of stay. The number of co-morbidities is positively correlated with length of stay. Weekends do not affect delays to dopaminergic medication administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Skelly
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3NE, United Kingdom.
| | - Lisa Brown
- Department of Neurology, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Fogarty
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lertxundi U, Ruiz AI, Aspiazu MÁS, Domingo-Echaburu S, García M, Aguirre C, García-Moncó JC. Adverse reactions to antipsychotics in Parkinson disease: an analysis of the Spanish pharmacovigilance database. Clin Neuropharmacol 2016; 38:69-84. [PMID: 25970275 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although antipsychotics are well known for causing a plethora of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the main concern when used to treat psychosis in Parkinson disease (PD) has traditionally been motor function worsening. The limited number of patients included in clinical trials contributes to underreport less common ADR. The aims of this study were to describe ADR to antipsychotics occurring in patients with PD notified to the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System and to contrast them with published reports. METHODS All notifications from the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System for the last 30 years (1984-2014) where an antipsychotic was considered suspicious of the ADR in patients who were also on dopaminergic therapy were reviewed. In addition, a systematic search of MEDLINE (1966-2014) was conducted with the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "Parkinson disease" and "antipsychotic agents" or "psychotic disorders" and "drug-related side effects" or "adverse reactions." RESULTS Forty-four notifications were selected for evaluation. Quetiapine was the most frequently implicated drug since 2002, and previously clozapine was the drug implied in higher number of notifications. The most severe ADR was neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which was described in 5 patients (3 cases related to quetiapine, one to haloperidol, and another to olanzapine). CONCLUSIONS Some previously unreported ADRs caused by antipsychotic drugs in patients with PD have been described for the first time in this study, although there are in general well-known antipsychotic adverse effects. It is remarkable that some notifications involve the use of drugs not recommended in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unax Lertxundi
- *Pharmacy Service, Araba's Mental Health Network; †Pharmacokinetics, Nanotechnology, and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, and ‡Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava; §Pharmacy Service, Alto Deba Integrated Health Organization, Arrasate, Gipuzkoa; ║Basque Pharmacovigilance Unit, and ¶Department of Neurology, Hospital Galdakao-Usánsolo, Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
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Segal O, Hassin-Baer S, Kliers I, Gringouz I, Dagan A, Cohen S, Segal G. Decreased Anti-Parkinson's Therapy during Hospitalization due to Infectious Diseases is Associated with Worse Prognosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:423-5. [PMID: 27012371 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Segal
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Arrow Research Program for Medical Students, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Movement Disorders Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Iris Kliers
- Internal Medicine "T", Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Irina Gringouz
- Internal Medicine "T", Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Dagan
- Internal Medicine "T", Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shay Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gad Segal
- Arrow Research Program for Medical Students, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Internal Medicine "T", Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Impact of Parkinson's disease on the acute care treatment and medium-term functional outcome in geriatric hip fracture patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2015; 135:1519-26. [PMID: 26253249 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-015-2298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have a heightened risk of sustaining hip fractures due to disturbed balance and gait insecurity. This study aims to determine the impact of PD on the perioperative course and medium-term functional outcome of patients with hip fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 402 hip fracture patients, aged ≥60 years, were prospectively enrolled. On admission, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Mini-Mental Status Examination, and Barthel Index (BI), among other scales, were documented. The Hoehn and Yahr scale was used to assess the severity of PD. The functional outcome was assessed by performance on the BI, Tinetti test (TT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) at discharge and at the 6-month follow-up. Additionally, the length of hospitalization, perioperative complications, and discharge management were documented. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to control for influencing factors. RESULTS A total of 19 patients (4.7%) had a concomitant diagnosis of PD. The functional outcome (BI, TT, and TUG) was comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). Grade II (52.6 vs. 26.1%; OR = 4.304, p = 0.008) and IV complications (15.8 vs. 4.4%; OR = 7.785, p = 0.012) occurred significantly more often among PD patients. While the diagnosis of PD was associated with a significantly longer mean length of hospital stay (β = 0.119, p = 0.024), the transfer from acute hospital care showed no significant difference (p = 0.246). Patients with an additional diagnosis of PD had inferior results in BI at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION PD on hospital admission is not an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality or an inferior functional outcome at hospital discharge. However, patients with PD are at risk for specific complications and longer hospitalization at the time of transfer from acute care so as for reduced abilities in activities of daily living in the medium term.
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Medication Safety. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cohen MR, Smetzer JL. Delayed Administration and Contraindicated Drugs Place Hospitalized Parkinson's Disease Patients at Risk; Doxorubicin Liposomal Mix-up; Avoid Mix-ups Between Hydroxyprogesterone and Medroxyprogesterone. Hosp Pharm 2015; 50:559-63. [PMID: 26448665 DOI: 10.1310/hpj5007-559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again-perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site (www.ismp.org), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org. ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Cohen
- President, Institute for Safe Medication Practices, 200 Lakeside Drive , Suite 200, Horsham, PA 19044 ; phone: 215-947-7797 ; fax: 215-914-1492 ; e-mail: ; Web site: www.ismp.org
| | - Judy L Smetzer
- Vice President, Institute for Safe Medication Practices , Horsham, Pennsylvania
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Martinez-Ramirez D, Giugni JC, Little CS, Chapman JP, Ahmed B, Monari E, Wagle Shukla A, Hess CW, Okun MS. Missing dosages and neuroleptic usage may prolong length of stay in hospitalized Parkinson's disease patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124356. [PMID: 25884484 PMCID: PMC4401689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease patients are more likely to be hospitalized, have higher rates of hospital complications, and have an increased risk of deterioration during hospitalization. Length of stay is an important underlying factor for these increased risks. We aimed to investigate potential medication errors that may occur during hospitalization and its impact on length of hospital stay. Methods A cross-sectional chart review of 339 consecutive hospital encounters from 212 PD subjects was performed. Medication errors were defined as wrong timing or omission of administration for dopaminergic drugs and administration of contraindicated dopamine blockers. An analysis of covariance was applied to examine whether these medication errors were related to increased length of hospital stays. Results A significant effect for dopaminergic administration (p<0.01) on length of hospital stay was observed. Subjects who had delayed administration or missed at least one dose stayed longer (M=8.2 days, SD=8.9 vs. M=3.6 days SD=3.4). Contraindicated dopamine blocking agents were administered in 23% (71/339) of cases, and this was also significantly related to an increased length of stay (M=8.2 days, SD=8.9 vs. M=3.6 days SD=3.4), p<0.05. Participants who received a contraindicated dopamine blocker stayed in the hospital longer (M=7.5 days, SD=9.1) compared to those who did not (M=5.9 days, SD=6.8). Neurologists were consulted in 24.5% of encounters. Specialty consultation had no effect on the medication related errors. Conclusions Missing dopaminergic dosages and administration of dopamine blockers occur frequently in hospitalized Parkinson’s disease patients and this may impact length of stay. These potentially modifiable factors may reduce the risk of a longer stay related to hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martinez-Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan C. Giugni
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Little
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - John P. Chapman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erin Monari
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Hess
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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To TP, Story DA, Booth J, Nielsen F, Heland M, Hardidge A. Oral Medication Administration in Patients with Restrictions on Oral Intake-A Snapshot Survey. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2055-2335.2013.tb00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- The-Phung To
- Quality Use of Medicines Pharmacist, Austin Health
| | - David A Story
- Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Unit, Melbourne Medical School; The University of Melbourne
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