1
|
Lan D, Jin X, Li M, He L. The expression and clinical significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, tumor necrosis factor α induced protein 8-like 2, and runt-related transcription factor 1 in breast cancer patients. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1125-1134. [PMID: 33842256 PMCID: PMC8033044 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the expression and clinical significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor necrosis factor α induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) in breast cancer tissue. METHODS From October 2014 to October 2017, 68 breast cancer patients (68 breast cancer tissue specimens) who underwent a radical mastectomy in our hospital were set as the observation group and the corresponding normal tissue 3 cm away from the cancer tissue was selected as the control group. The expression levels of STAT3, TIPE2, and RUNX1 in the two groups were compared via immunohistochemical staining. Multiple logistic regression was then used to analyze the related risk factors affecting the 2-year prognosis of breast cancer patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was then plotted and the area under the ROC curve was calculated. The predictive values of STAT3, TIPE2, and RUNX1, and the predictive value of the three transcription factors combined on the 2-year prognostic survival of breast cancer patients were determined. RESULTS (I) In the observation group, the positive expression of STAT3 and the negative expression of TIPE2 and RUNX1 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). (II) Of the 68 patients, 51 survived within 2 years and 17 patients died. Positive STAT3 expression, negative TIPE2 expression, negative RUNX1 expression, poor histological differentiation, TNM stage III-IV, and distant metastasis were all identified as factors that can affect the 2-year prognosis of breast cancer patients (P<0.05). (III) The ROC curve analysis examining the 2-year prognostic survival of breast cancer patients showed that the area under the curve achieved the largest value when the predictive values of STAT3, TIPE2, RUNX1 were combined. CONCLUSIONS The levels of STAT3, TIPE2, and RUNX1 expression in breast cancer tissues were significantly different from that in adjacent normal tissues. This suggested that the combined detection of STAT3, TIPE2, and RUNX1 may improve the rate of early breast cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, STAT3, TIPE2, and RUNX1 may be useful in evaluating the prognosis of the patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daitian Lan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (East Hospital), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuchu Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (East Hospital), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Maode Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (East Hospital), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital (East Hospital), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomas R, Rowell R, Crichton S, Cain H. An observational study investigating failure of primary endocrine therapy for operable breast cancer in the elderly. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:73-80. [PMID: 28879429 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients are more likely to have oestrogen receptor positive cancers that can be treated without surgery with primary endocrine therapy (PET). Few studies have sought to identify predictors of failure of PET and so the aim of this study was to evaluate treatment failures in elderly breast cancer patients treated with PET and to determine predictors of failure. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed on consecutive patients with ER-positive early stage breast cancer treated with PET between 2005 and 2015 in the three breast units in the North East of England. The primary outcome measure was treatment failure and secondary outcome measure was disease progression. RESULTS 488 patients were included with mean follow-up 31 months (SD 23). Overall, 206 patients were still alive with their disease controlled at the end of follow-up, 219 had died with their disease controlled and 63 (12%) experienced treatment failure. Younger age [SHR 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) p 0.013], larger tumours [SHR 1.03 (1.01-1.06) p 0.015], grade 3 cancers [SHR 3.58 (1.93-6.63) p < 0.001] and axillary lymph node metastases [SHR 1.93 (1.06-3.52) p 0.030] were all independent predictors of treatment failure. Disease progression was reported in 86 (17.6%) of patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest retrospective series evaluating PET treatment failure. Clear predictors of failure have been identified, which can be used to facilitate treatment decision making. These results support previous analyses, further validating our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Thomas
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, NE9 6SX, UK. .,, 48 Larkspur Terrace, Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 2DU, UK.
| | - Rachel Rowell
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Siobhan Crichton
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Henry Cain
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coyle KM, Boudreau JE, Marcato P. Genetic Mutations and Epigenetic Modifications: Driving Cancer and Informing Precision Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9620870. [PMID: 28685150 PMCID: PMC5480027 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9620870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is undergoing a significant revolution from "one-size-fits-all" cytotoxic therapies to tailored approaches that precisely target molecular alterations. Precision strategies for drug development and patient stratification, based on the molecular features of tumors, are the next logical step in a long history of approaches to cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the history of cancer treatment from generic natural extracts and radical surgical procedures to site-specific and combinatorial treatment regimens, which have incrementally improved patient outcomes. We discuss the related contributions of genetics and epigenetics to cancer progression and the response to targeted therapies and identify challenges and opportunities for the success of precision medicine. The identification of patients who will benefit from targeted therapies is more complex than simply identifying patients whose tumors harbour the targeted aberration, and intratumoral heterogeneity makes it difficult to determine if a precision therapy is successful during treatment. This heterogeneity enables tumors to develop resistance to targeted approaches; therefore, the rational combination of therapeutic agents will limit the threat of acquired resistance to therapeutic success. By incorporating the view of malignant transformation modulated by networks of genetic and epigenetic interactions, molecular strategies will enable precision medicine for effective treatment across cancer subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanette E. Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morgan J, Collins K, Robinson T, Cheung KL, Audisio R, Reed M, Wyld L. Healthcare professionals' preferences for surgery or primary endocrine therapy to treat older women with operable breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 41:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
5
|
Abstract
Neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer refers to the use of different treatment modalities prior to surgical excision of the tumor. It has been accepted as a treatment option for patients with nonmetastatic disease, because it renders inoperable tumors operable and increases the rates of breast-conserving surgery, while achieving similar long-term clinical outcomes as adjuvant treatment. The neoadjuvant setting is being increasingly perceived as a research platform, where the biologic effects of traditional anticancer agents can be delineated, prognostic and predictive biomarkers can be identified, and the development of targeted agents can be expedited. Surrogate endpoints that can predict long-term clinical outcome and are evaluable early on, such as the pathologic complete response, offer valuable opportunities for rapid assessment of anticancer agents. Additionally, efforts for molecular profiling of the post-neoadjuvant residual disease hold the potential to lead to personalized therapy for breast cancer patients with early-stage high-risk disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Zardavas
- Breast International Group Headquarters (BIG-aisbl), Brussels 1000, Belgium; ,
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morgan JL, Reed MW, Wyld L. Primary endocrine therapy as a treatment for older women with operable breast cancer - a comparison of randomised controlled trial and cohort study findings. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 40:676-84. [PMID: 24703110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.02.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One third of all breast cancers occur in women over the age of 70. Primary endocrine therapy (PET) is used in some women to minimise morbidity in a population with higher rates of comorbidity and frailty. In the UK up to 40% of women over 70 are treated with PET although there is a high rate of variability of practice between centres reflecting a lack of guidance about case selection. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed to try and establish if this form of treatment is still valid in modern breast practice. RESULTS Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 31 non-randomised studies were deemed eligible. Available data demonstrate an advantage for surgery over PET in terms of disease control and a likely survival benefit in patients with a predicted life expectancy of five years or more. Patients treated only with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) had superior rates of disease control when compared to Tamoxifen. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines to aid selection are needed but PET should be reserved for patients with reduced predicted life expectancy (e.g. less than five years), with AIs being preferable over Tamoxifen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Morgan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, E Floor, Medical School, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - M W Reed
- Department of Surgical Oncology, E Floor, Medical School, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - L Wyld
- Department of Surgical Oncology, E Floor, Medical School, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Charehbili A, Fontein D, Kroep J, Liefers G, Mieog J, Nortier J, van de Velde C. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for endocrine sensitive breast cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Fellowes D, Fallowfield LJ, Saunders CM, Houghton J. Tolerability of hormone therapies for breast cancer: how informative are documented symptom profiles in medical notes for 'well-tolerated' treatments? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 66:73-81. [PMID: 11368413 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010684903199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hormonal therapies for cancer are often viewed as a gentler option than many other cancer treatments, but is low toxicity an accurate perception of patients' experiences? Side effects tend to be described as minimal or well tolerated, yet published symptoms from hormonal therapy vary considerably in their descriptions and frequencies. Previous research has highlighted under-reporting of side effects by clinical staff so as part of a wider study examining tamoxifen and goserelin treatment as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, treatment-related symptoms documented in medical notes were compared with those that patients reported during a research interview. There was a significant difference in the frequency of many side effects reported by the two methods in this study. Sixty four out of 72 (89%) women who had received adjuvant tamoxifen or goserelin had side effects recorded in their medical notes, compared with 74/75 (99%) reporting side effects at interview. We compared the published frequencies of commonly reported symptoms with those found ourselves. The discrepancies between patient-reported and clinician-recorded (usually from clinical trial data) symptom profiles were similar to those found in our study. Without accurate comprehensive side effect profiles for hormone therapies, prospective patients cannot make informed judgements on proposed treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fellowes
- CRC Psychosocial Oncology Group, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, England.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Breast cancer in the elderly has attracted considerable interest in recent years for three main reasons. Firstly, information concerning the profile (clinical and biological) of the disease in the geriatric population is scarce; secondly, the number of patients is increasing, and thirdly there are conflicting data regarding the actual effectiveness of the different treatments. The present review attempts to outline the specific characteristics of this malignancy in the elderly in terms of histological pattern, stage at diagnosis, and outcome. The feasibility of standard therapies (mastectomy/lumpectomy, axillary clearance, and radio-therapy) in the elderly is carefully analysed, and compared to the efficacy of less aggressive procedures. The use of tamoxifen as a primary treatment, instead of surgery, is critically reconsidered, as well as its use as an adjuvant therapy. Finally, the effectiveness of systemic therapy in advanced disease is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bellet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Sta Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|