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Oyewole AL, Akinola O, Owoyele BV. Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria decreases pain sensitivity in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 88:e1-e18. [PMID: 33567845 PMCID: PMC7876989 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v88i1.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various types of pain were reported by people with Plasmodium falciparum and were mostly attributed to a symptom of malarial infection. Neural processes of pain sensation during malarial infection and their contributions to malaria-related death are poorly understood. Thus, these form the focus of this study. Swiss mice used for this study were randomly divided into two groups. Animals in the first group (Pb-infected group) were inoculated with Plasmodium berghei to induce malaria whilst the other group (intact group) was not infected. Formalin test was used to assess pain sensitivity in both groups and using various antagonists, the possible mechanism for deviation in pain sensitivity was probed. Also, plasma and brain samples collected from animals in both groups were subjected to biochemical and/or histological studies. The results showed that Pb-infected mice exhibited diminished pain-related behaviours to noxious chemical. The observed parasite-induced analgesia appeared to be synergistically mediated via µ-opioid, α2 and 5HT2A receptors. When varied drugs capable of decreasing pain threshold (pro-nociceptive drugs) were used, the survival rate was not significantly different in the Pb-infected mice. This showed little or no contribution of the pain processing system to malaria-related death. Also, using an anti-CD68 antibody, there was no immunopositive cell in the brain to attribute the observed effects to cerebral malaria. Although in the haematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues, there were mild morphological changes in the motor and anterior cingulate cortices. In conclusion, the pain symptom was remarkably decreased in the animal model for malaria, and thus, the model may not be appropriate for investigating malaria-linked pain as reported in humans. This is the first report showing that at a critical point, the malaria parasite caused pain-relieving effects in Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboyeji L Oyewole
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; and, Bioresearch Hub Laboratory, Ilorin.
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Oyewole AL, Akinola O, Owoyele BV. Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria decreases pain sensitivity in mice. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Roy S, Parchani A, Sharma S, S M, Pai VS. Falciparum malaria-induced acute pancreatitis. IDCases 2020; 21:e00911. [PMID: 32714833 PMCID: PMC7369600 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Falciparum malaria is one of the most common causes of acute febrile illness in India and frequently presents as severe malaria also known as complicated malaria or cerebral malaria with associated multiple organ failure. Acute pancreatitis secondary to malaria is very rare complication. Here we are presenting a case of severe falciparum malaria with acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Roy
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Ashwin Parchani
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Samaksh Sharma
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Mohan S
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Venkatesh S Pai
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Bhardwaj N, Ahmed MZ, Sharma S, Srivastava B, Pande V, Anvikar AR. Clinicopathological study of potential biomarkers of Plasmodium falciparum malaria severity and complications. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 77:104046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reoyo Pascual JF, Cartón-Hernández C, Valero-Cerrato X, León-Miranda R, García Plata-Polo E, Martínez-Castro RM, Álvarez-Rico MÁ, Sánchez-Manuel FJ. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in falciparum malaria. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 108:285-7. [PMID: 26181373 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3768/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a pathology caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, characteristic of tropical countries. The most frequent symptomatology includes cerebral malaria, jaundice, convulsive crisis, anemia, hypoglycemia, kidney failure and metabolic asidosis, among others. We are presenting the case of a patient diagnosed with malaria who suffered from acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis and evolved poorly, as an example of this combination of symptoms, rarely found in our country.
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Sehgal IS, Agarwal R, Behera D, Dhooria S. Malarial pancreatitis: Case report and systematic review of the literature. Indian J Crit Care Med 2016; 19:743-6. [PMID: 26816452 PMCID: PMC4711211 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.171414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria can cause a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from uncomplicated febrile illness to multiorgan failure. Pancreatitis is a rare complication of malaria with only a few reported cases. Herein, we describe a case of acute pancreatitis with multiorgan failure due to Plasmodium falciparum managed successfully with antimalarials and conservative treatment. We also perform a systematic review of literature for reports of acute pancreatitis due to Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderpaul Singh Sehgal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahajal Dhooria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abhilash KPP, Ahmed ASI, Sathyendra S, Abraham OC. Acute pancreatitis due to malaria: A case report of five patients and review of literature. J Family Med Prim Care 2016; 5:691-694. [PMID: 28217609 PMCID: PMC5290786 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.197302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is endemic in large parts of India and can cause multiorgan failure and death. Acute pancreatitis as a complication is rare and is potentially fatal. This case series describes five adult patients between 2005 and 2010 who presented with a short duration febrile illness and diagnosed to have malaria with acute pancreatitis. The mean age of the five patients with acute pancreatitis was 40.4 years and four of them were males. None of them were alcohol consumers and did not have any other risk factor for acute pancreatitis. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for all the cases. Pancreatic enzymes were significantly elevated in all the patients with a mean serum lipase level of 1795 U/L (normal value: <190 U/L) and a mean serum amylase level of 584 U/L (normal value: <100 U/L). Ultrasonography evidence of acute pancreatitis (bulky pancreas) was seen in two patients, and a further two patients had minimal left-sided pleural effusion. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100,000/cumm), renal dysfunction (serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl), and hyperbilirubinemia were seen in all the patients. One patient died due to multiorgan failure. Acute pancreatitis is a very rare complication of malaria, and a high index of suspicion is required in patients presenting with severe malaria and abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sowmya Sathyendra
- Department of General Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Köster LS, Steiner JM, Suchodolski JS, Schoeman JP. Serum canine pancreatic-specific lipase concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring Babesia rossi infection. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2015; 86:E1-7. [PMID: 26304138 PMCID: PMC6138161 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v86i1.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia rossi is the cause of a highly virulent multisystemic disease with a variable outcome, which is a reliable model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of canine pancreatic-specific lipase (cPL) in a population of dogs with naturally acquired B. rossi infection. In addition, the associations between serum cPL and death and SIRS status were examined. An observational study recruited 87 dogs diagnosed with B. rossi infection and serum cPL concentrations were measured daily until discharge or death. The median concentration of serum cPL was 124.0 µg/L (interquartile range: 51.0 µg/L - 475.5 µg/L) on admission (n = 87) and 145.5 µg/L (62.3 µg/L - 434.0 µg/L) on day two of hospitalisation (n = 40). Twenty-four dogs (28%) had a serum cPL concentration within the diagnostic range for pancreatitis (> 400 µg/L) at admission with 13 dogs (32.5%) presenting as such on the second day of hospitalisation. The median concentration of serum cPL in dogs with SIRS was 158 µg/L (interquartile range: 52.5 µg/L - 571.5 µg/L; n = 53), which was significantly higher than in those without SIRS (75 µg/L; 50.3 µg/L - 131.8 µg/L; n = 32) (P = 0.018). This study demonstrated that an unexpectedly high number of dogs diagnosed with naturally acquired canine babesiosis had a serum cPL concentration within the diagnostic range for acute pancreatitis and a significantly higher serum cPL concentration was found in dogs that were classified as having SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S Köster
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort.
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Huthmacher C, Hoppe A, Bulik S, Holzhütter HG. Antimalarial drug targets in Plasmodium falciparum predicted by stage-specific metabolic network analysis. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2010; 4:120. [PMID: 20807400 PMCID: PMC2941759 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-4-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite enormous efforts to combat malaria the disease still afflicts up to half a billion people each year of which more than one million die. Currently no approved vaccine is available and resistances to antimalarials are widely spread. Hence, new antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. RESULTS Here, we present a computational analysis of the metabolism of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria pathogen. We assembled a compartmentalized metabolic model and predicted life cycle stage specific metabolism with the help of a flux balance approach that integrates gene expression data. Predicted metabolite exchanges between parasite and host were found to be in good accordance with experimental findings when the parasite's metabolic network was embedded into that of its host (erythrocyte). Knock-out simulations identified 307 indispensable metabolic reactions within the parasite. 35 out of 57 experimentally demonstrated essential enzymes were recovered and another 16 enzymes, if additionally the assumption was made that nutrient uptake from the host cell is limited and all reactions catalyzed by the inhibited enzyme are blocked. This predicted set of putative drug targets, shown to be enriched with true targets by a factor of at least 2.75, was further analyzed with respect to homology to human enzymes, functional similarity to therapeutic targets in other organisms and their predicted potency for prophylaxis and disease treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the set of essential enzymes predicted by our flux balance approach represents a promising starting point for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Huthmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Monbijoustraße 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoppe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Monbijoustraße 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Bulik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Monbijoustraße 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Thapa R, Mallick D, Biswas B. Childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria complicated by acute pancreatitis. Trop Doct 2010; 40:184-5. [PMID: 20555053 DOI: 10.1258/td.2010.090420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Falciparum malaria is occasionally associated with multiple organ system complications. However, acute pancreatitis rarely occurs as a part of the spectrum. A 13-year-old boy presented with falciparum malaria complicated predominantly by acute pancreatitis. He recovered satisfactorily with supportive measures. To our knowledge, there are less than 10 such documented instances in the literature and they are mostly adults. Acute abdomen in Plasmodium falciparum infection may reveal pancreatitis which should be detected at the earliest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajoo Thapa
- Department of Pediatrics, Upstate Medical University Hospitals 1, 750, E Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
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Seshadri P, Dev AV, Viggeswarpu S, Sathyendra S, Peter JV. Acute pancreatitis and subdural haematoma in a patient with severe falciparum malaria: case report and review of literature. Malar J 2008; 7:97. [PMID: 18510778 PMCID: PMC2426706 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection is known to be associated with a spectrum of systemic complications ranging from mild and self-limiting to life-threatening. This case report illustrates a patient who had a protracted course in hospital due to several rare complications of falciparum malaria. A 21-year old man presented with a five-day history of high-grade fever, jaundice and abdominal pain and a two-day history of altered conscious state. A diagnosis of severe falciparum malaria was made based on the clinical presentation and a positive blood smear with parasitaemia of 45%. Despite adequate anti-malarial therapy with artesunate, the patient had persistent and worsening abdominal pain. Investigations suggested a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, a rare association with falciparum malaria. However, in spite of supportive therapy for acute pancreatitis and a 10-day course of intravenous artesunate and oral doxycycline at recommended doses, he continued to be febrile with peripheral blood smear showing persistence of ring forms. Antimalarial therapy was, therefore, changed to quinine on the suspicion of possible artesunate resistance. On the 17th day of stay in hospital, the patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Computerized tomography of the brain showed bilateral fronto-parietal subdural haematomas that were surgically drained. His fever persisted beyond 30-days despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, quinine therapy and negative malarial smears. A possibility of drug fever was considered and all drugs were ceased. He subsequently became afebrile and was discharged on the 38th hospital admission day. Recognition of complications and appropriate management at each stage facilitated successful outcome. This report has been presented to highlight the occurrence of several rare complications of falciparum malaria in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Seshadri
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India.
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Gopisetty S, Sarveswaran J, Achuthan R, Davies J, Ausobsky JR. Acute surgical abdomen: an atypical presentation of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Gut 2007; 56:447-8. [PMID: 17339257 PMCID: PMC1856822 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Saha A, Batra P, Vilhekar KY, Chaturvedi P. Acute acalculous cholecystitis in a child with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:141-2. [PMID: 15949204 DOI: 10.1179/146532805x45755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a 7-year-old girl who presented with features of acute acalculous cholecystitis. She was found to be positive for Plasmodium falciparum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of acalculous cholecystitis caused by P. falciparum in a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
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Desai DC, Gupta T, Sirsat RA, Shete M. Malarial pancreatitis: report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:930-2. [PMID: 11280593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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