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Simons MC, Hunt JA, Anderson SL. Trained to cut? A literature review of veterinary surgical resident training. Vet Surg 2024. [PMID: 38816998 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A surgical residency trains veterinary graduates to a higher level of expertise in surgical procedures than is possible during veterinary school and prepares a resident to pursue board certification in surgery. The education of veterinary surgical residents has changed minimally since its inception in the twentieth century, and there are insufficient studies to determine if residency programs are producing surgeons with competence in each of the necessary procedural categories. The aims of this review were to report the current theory and methods used to provide surgical education to residents, to discuss the training most likely to create a competent, board-certified surgeon and to review assessment methods used during training. Several literature searches using broad terms such as "veterinary surgery residency," "veterinary surgery resident," and "veterinary surgical training" were performed using PubMed, CAB abstracts, and Google Scholar. Literature pertinent to theory, methods, training, and assessment of veterinary surgical residents was included. The reviewed literature demonstrated the need for research-based learning curves for specific procedures. Simulation training is known to facilitate deliberate practice and should be leveraged where possible to reach competency. The creation of validated assessment methods should be pursued as it enables assessment of competency instead of inferring its development from case logs. Understanding and supporting learner cognition and providing sufficient feedback remain important issues in the field. Surgical educators are urged to continue to search for innovative and evidence-based ways to train competent surgical residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha C Simons
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Julie A Hunt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lincoln Memorial University Richard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacy L Anderson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lincoln Memorial University Richard A. Gillespie College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
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Chao CT, Wu MY, Hung KY, Wu MS, Liang JC. Interprofessional Differences in Multidimensional Self-Efficacy Associated With Professional Performance in Nephrology During Case-Based Learning. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:877-887. [PMID: 38765585 PMCID: PMC11101767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Postgraduate medical education assumes rising importance in the rapidly advancing field of medicine. Case-based learning (CBL), a learner-centered pedagogy employing clinical cases to improve decision-making, is widely embraced in postgraduate medical education, including nephrology. Studies suggest that learning self-efficacy (SE) was closely associated with learning motivation and academic performance; however, very few studies examined this association in postgraduate nephrology education. None evaluated whether there were interprofessional differences concerning such association. Methods In 2022, we prospectively enrolled physicians and nurses participating in chronic kidney disease (CKD) care from institutions around Taiwan. They completed the Professional Medical Learning Self-efficacy (PMLS) questionnaire after attending >1 CBL session involving CKD care. We undertook confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), followed by structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate associations between 5 dimensions of learning SE (conceptual understanding [CU], higher-order cognitive skills [HC], practical work [PW], everyday application [EA], and medical science communication [MSC]) and their professional SE in nephrology according to participants' medical professions. Results A total of 513 healthcare providers were surveyed. The convergent and construct validity of our questionnaire were satisfied after analyses. We found that better perceived professional performance in the form of higher professional SE in nephrology was significantly associated with all 5 dimensions of learning SE among physicians and nurses. Only CU and PW were significantly associated with physicians' professional performance; whereas among nurses, only HC and MSC were significantly associated. Conclusion We showed that learning SE was an important determinant of nephrology professional performance. Different medical professions posed influences on major SE dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center of faculty development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU-Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Chong Liang
- Program of Learning Sciences and Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan
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Naendrup JH, Hertrich AC, Briegel J, Reifarth E, Hoffmann J, Mucha A, König V, Weber T. [Onboarding in intensive care and emergency medicine in Germany]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2024:10.1007/s00063-024-01108-0. [PMID: 38305906 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-024-01108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of acute life-threatening conditions in intensive care and emergency medicine requires in-depth training and education, with initial training playing a key role. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the structure and quality of the initial training of physicians and nurses in intensive care units and emergency departments in Germany? METHODS With the help of survey software, an online questionnaire comprising 40 questions in German on the aforementioned topic was designed. It was distributed via the website of the German Society for Internal Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DGIIN) and via pertinent social media channels. RESULTS In total, 103 nurses and 125 physicians participated in the survey. The average work experience of the participating nurses and physicians was 8.5 ± 5.1 and 3.0 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The majority of participants worked primarily in intensive care units (59%) or in emergency departments (22%). On average, the initial training lasted 45 ± 27 and 13 ± 13 days for nurses and physicians, respectively. Only 20% of the initial training comprised seminars or hands-on workshops taught outside of routine clinical care. In all, 47% of the participants stated that they were not able to complete the entire initial training period. Only 49% had been officially certified for usage of the technical equipment in their department. A total of 35% reported feeling confident or somewhat confident in handling predictable tasks after initial training, but only 15% in handling acute emergencies. DISCUSSION The present study revealed that initial training in intensive care and emergency medicine is frequently incomplete, unstructured, as well as inadequate and bears both safety and liability risks. New concepts are needed to improve the initial training across clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Naendrup
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Centrum für integrierte Onkologie Aachen Bonn Köln Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Anna Carola Hertrich
- Zentrum für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Janika Briegel
- Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Eyleen Reifarth
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Centrum für integrierte Onkologie Aachen Bonn Köln Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Julian Hoffmann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 8, Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Abteilung für Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Anuschka Mucha
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Centrum für integrierte Onkologie Aachen Bonn Köln Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | | | - Theresa Weber
- Zentrum für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland
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Alemu FM, Yimer NB, Kasegn BB, Kassie BA, Ibrahim IY, Abdo AA, Worke MD. Effectiveness of simulation-based cesarean section education on improving non-physician clinician midwife's competency in performing cesarean section in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:961. [PMID: 38098058 PMCID: PMC10722683 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation-based education enhances fundamental and clinical knowledge, procedural abilities, teamwork, and communication skills, as well as quality of care and patient safety. Due to excessive clinical loads and a lack of physicians, even classic teaching methods like bedside instruction are constrained in low-income settings. Thus, this study aimed to ascertain if simulation-based cesarean section education successfully raises non-physician clinician midwives' competency in Ethiopia. METHODS A quasi-experimental study design triangulated with a qualitative design was implemented. Sixty Masters Clinical Midwifery students (29 intervention and 31 control) were taken in 5 universities. Three questionnaires (knowledge, confidence levels, and skills) were used. Qualitative data was also collected from 14 participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. P < 0.05 was used for statistical significance. A difference-in-difference with a 95% confidence level was employed to control the potential confounders for knowledge and self-confidence. Multiple linear regression was fitted to identify the independent effect of simulation-based education interventions while controlling for other variables. Thematic analysis was performed using MAXQDA 2020. RESULT The age of the respondents varies from 24 to 34 years, with the control group's mean age being 28.8 (± 2.3) years and the intervention group's mean age being 27.2 (± 2.01) years. The intervention and control groups' pre-intervention and post-intervention knowledge scores showed a statistically significant difference. There was a substantial increase in self-confidence mean scores in both the intervention and control groups and between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods in both the intervention and control groups. Furthermore, there was a substantial improvement in cesarean section skills in the intervention group as compared to the control group (59.6 (3.3) vs. 51.5 (4.8). The qualitative findings supported these. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that simulation-based education improved students' procedural knowledge, self-confidence, and skills. As a result, professional care teams can create simulation-based teaching packages to help students prepare for their residency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigus Bililgn Yimer
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | | | - Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abdella Amano Abdo
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Dile Worke
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debra Tabor, Ethiopia.
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Gunderson KA, Zeng W, Nkana ZH, Matabele Wood KL, Lyon SM, Albano NJ, Poore SO. Blue-Blood Pig Thorax Model Increases Residents' Confidence in Internal Mammary Dissection. J Reconstr Microsurg 2023; 39:734-742. [PMID: 36931312 DOI: 10.1055/a-2057-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preparation of the recipient vessels is a crucial step in autologous breast reconstruction, with limited opportunity for resident training intraoperatively. The Blue-Blood-infused porcine chest wall-a cadaveric pig thorax embedded in a mannequin shell, connected to a saline perfusion system-is a novel, cost-effective ($55) simulator of internal mammary artery (IMA) dissection and anastomosis intended to improve resident's comfort, safety, and expertise with all steps of this procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the use of this chest wall model on resident's confidence in performing dissection and anastomosis of the IMA, as well as obtain resident's and faculty's perspectives on model realism and utility. METHODS Plastic surgery residents and microsurgery faculty at the University of Wisconsin were invited to participate. One expert microsurgeon led individual training sessions and performed as the microsurgical assistant. Participants anonymously completed surveys prior to and immediately following their training session to assess their change in confidence performing the procedure, as well as their perception of model realism and utility as a formal microsurgical training tool on a five-point scale. RESULTS Every participant saw improvement in confidence after their training session in a minimum of one of seven key procedural steps identified. Of participants who had experience with this procedure in humans, the majority rated model anatomy and performance of key procedural steps as "very" or "extremely" realistic as compared with humans. 100% of participants believed practice with this model would improve residents' ability to perform this operation in the operating room and 100% of participants would recommend this model be incorporated into the microsurgical training curriculum. CONCLUSION The Blue-Blood porcine chest wall simulator increases trainee confidence in performing key steps of IMA dissection and anastomosis and is perceived as valuable to residents and faculty alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Gunderson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zeeda H Nkana
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kasey Leigh Matabele Wood
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah M Lyon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nicholas J Albano
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Samuel O Poore
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Cuesta-Montero P, Navarro-Martínez J, Yedro M, Galiana-Ivars M. Sepsis and Clinical Simulation: What Is New? (and Old). J Pers Med 2023; 13:1475. [PMID: 37888086 PMCID: PMC10608191 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a critical and potentially fatal condition affecting millions worldwide, necessitating early intervention for improved patient outcomes. In recent years, clinical simulation has emerged as a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to learn sepsis management skills and enhance them. METHODS This review aims to explore the use of clinical simulation in sepsis education and training, as well as its impact on how healthcare professionals acquire knowledge and skills. We conducted a thorough literature review to identify relevant studies, analyzing them to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based training, types of simulation methods employed, and their influence on patient outcomes. RESULTS Simulation-based training has proven effective in enhancing sepsis knowledge, skills, and confidence. Simulation modalities vary from low-fidelity exercises to high-fidelity patient simulations, conducted in diverse settings, including simulation centers, hospitals, and field environments. Importantly, simulation-based training has shown to improve patient outcomes, reducing mortality rates and hospital stays. CONCLUSION In summary, clinical simulation is a powerful tool used for improving sepsis education and training, significantly impacting patient outcomes. This article emphasizes the importance of ongoing research in this field to further enhance patient care. The shift toward simulation-based training in healthcare provides a safe, controlled environment for professionals to acquire critical skills, fostering confidence and proficiency when caring for real sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cuesta-Montero
- Department of Clinical Simulation (SimIA Lab), Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose Navarro-Martínez
- Department of Clinical Simulation (SimIA Lab), Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Melina Yedro
- Department of Clinical Simulation (SimIA Lab), Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Galiana-Ivars
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Kaltenbach T, Patel SG, Nguyen-Vu T, Malvar C, Keswani RN, Hall M, Aagaard E, Asokkumar R, Chin YK, Hammad H, Rastogi A, Shergill A, Simon V, Soetikno A, Soetikno R, Wani S. Varied Trainee Competence in Cold Snare Polypectomy: Results of the COMPLETE Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2023; 118:1880-1887. [PMID: 37307537 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is strongly recommended as the optimal technique for the complete removal of small polyps. Though significant variability in polypectomy technique and quality has been established, the learning curve and impact of targeted training on CSP are unknown. Video feedback has shown promise as an effective pedagogy to improve performance among surgical trainees. We aimed to compare CSP performance between trainees who received video-based feedback and those who received conventional apprentice-based concurrent feedback. We hypothesized that video-based feedback would accelerate competence. METHODS We conducted a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial on competence for CSP of polyps <1 cm, comparing video-based feedback with conventional feedback. We randomly assigned deidentified consecutively recorded CSP videos to blinded raters to assess using the CSP Assessment Tool. We shared cumulative sum learning curves every 25 CSP with each trainee. The video feedback trainees also received biweekly individualized terminal feedback. Control trainees received conventional feedback during colonoscopy. The primary outcome was CSP competence. We also assessed competence across domains and change over polypectomy volume. RESULTS We enrolled and randomized 22 trainees, 12 to video-based feedback and 10 to conventional feedback, and evaluated 2,339 CSP. The learning curve was long; 2 trainees (16.7%) in the video feedback achieved competence, after a mean of 135 polyps, and no one in the control ( P = 0.481) achieved competence. Overall and in all steps of CSP, a higher percentage of the video feedback group met competence, increasing 3% every 20 CSP ( P = 0.0004). DISCUSSION Video feedback aided trainees to competence in CSP. However, the learning curve was long. Our findings strongly suggest that current training methods are not sufficient to support trainees to competency by the completion of their fellowship programs. The impact of new training methods, such as simulation-based mastery learning, should be assessed to determine whether such methods can result in achievement of competence at a faster rate; ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT03115008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya Kaltenbach
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Swati G Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen-Vu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carmel Malvar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajesh N Keswani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matt Hall
- Biostatistics, Children's Hospital Association, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Eva Aagaard
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ravishankar Asokkumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yung Ka Chin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hazem Hammad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amit Rastogi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; and
| | - Amandeep Shergill
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Violette Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan Soetikno
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roy Soetikno
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Howard T, Iyengar KP, Vaishya R, Ahluwalia R. High-fidelity virtual reality simulation training in enhancing competency assessment in orthopaedic training. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2023; 84:1-8. [PMID: 37769263 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Surgical competence is the ability to successfully apply academic knowledge, clinical skills and professional behaviour to inpatient care. Along with ensuring patient safety, the ability to communicate effectively, collaborative teamwork and probity, and achieving satisfactory competencies form the fundamental principles of good medical practice. Current strategies to develop surgical competencies include a range of formative and summative assessments. The cancellation of traditional face-to-face meetings and training opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the delivery of medical education and opportunities to achieve surgical competencies. Simulation learning has been used since before the pandemic to deliver surgical training across all grades and specialities, including orthopaedic surgery. Simulation-based training provides a safe, controlled environment to develop skill acquisition. Simulated surgery using virtual reality has evolved following developments in software and hardware. This article explores the role of high-fidelity virtual reality simulation to assess competencies in orthopaedic training in the post-COVID-19 era, and examines whether simulation could be used within the curriculum to augment and improve training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Howard
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karthikeyan P Iyengar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, UK
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Raju Ahluwalia
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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Kovanur Sampath K, Arumugam A, Yaghi E, Fairs E, Andersen P. Perception and knowledge of learners about the use of 3D technologies in manual therapy education - a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:509. [PMID: 37461000 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Manual therapy is a specific hands-on approach used and taught by various professions such as physiotherapy and osteopathy. The current paradigm of teaching manual therapy incorporates the traditional 'See one, do one, teach one' approach. However, this 'teacher centred' approach may not enable learners to develop the complex clinical skills of manual therapy. In this context, 3D technologies such as virtual reality may facilitate the teaching and learning of manual therapy. Hence the aim of the current study was to investigate the perception, knowledge and attitude of manual therapy learners about the use of 3D technologies in manual therapy education. METHODS An exploratory qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews was used in this study. A total of ten manual therapy (5 physiotherapy and 5 osteopathic) students (mean age = 32; 80% female) enrolled in an appropriate physiotherapy or osteopathic degree provided by a New Zealand recognized institution (e.g., university or polytechnic) participated in this study. Data saturation was achieved after 10 interviews (average duration: 35 min) that provided thick data. A thematic analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS Six factors were identified which appeared to influence participants' perception of role of technology in manual therapy education. These were (1) the sufficiency of current teaching method; (2) evolution as a learner (a novice to an expert); (3) need for objectivity; (4) tutor feedback; (5) knowledge and (6) barriers and enablers. These six factors influenced the participants' perception about the role of 3D technologies in manual therapy education with participants evidently taking two distinct/polarized positions ('no role' (techstatic) versus a 'complete role' (techsavvy)). CONCLUSION Although 3D technology may not replace face-to-face teaching, it may be used to complement the traditional approach of learning/teaching to facilitate the learning of complex skills according to the perceptions of manual therapy learners in our study. The advantage of such an approach is an area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesava Kovanur Sampath
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology, 51, Akoranga Road, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS-Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE-Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Esra Yaghi
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology, 51, Akoranga Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Emma Fairs
- Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Patrea Andersen
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology, 51, Akoranga Road, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Dow, QLD, 4556, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Science, CQ University, Queensland, 4702, Australia
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Ledermann G, Kuroiwa A, González N, Silva I, Villa A. Training Program for Orthopedic Residents in Forefoot Osteotomy Skills: Transference From a Simulator to a Cadaveric Surgical Scenario. Simul Healthc 2023; 18:181-186. [PMID: 35921612 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An effective simulation program allows both the acquisition of surgical skills on the simulated model and the transfer of these skills to a surgical scenario. We designed a forefoot osteotomy training program and sought to determine the transferability to a cadaveric surgical scenario. METHODS Eleven orthopedic residents and 2 foot and ankle surgeons were included. A foot simulator was used. All residents were instructed on the surgical techniques of Chevron, Akin, and triple Weil osteotomies. Eight junior residents (trainees) were enrolled in a supervised simulation program. Baseline assessment was performed on the simulator with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) and the Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device (ICSAD). After baseline, trainees completed a training program and had a final evaluation of proficiency on the simulator and on cadaveric specimens. Three senior residents with no simulated training (controls) and experts were assessed for comparison. RESULTS All trainees improved from a baseline OSATS score of 11 points (9-20) to a final score of 35 points (33-35) in the simulator and 34 points (32-34) in the cadaveric specimen ( P < 0.01). Compared with baseline, the ICSAD results improved in path length (391 [205-544] to 131 [73-278] meters, P < 0.01) and number of movements (2756 [1258-3338] to 992 [478-1908], P < 0.01). The final OSATS and ICSAD scores did not differ from experts ( P = 0.1) and were significantly different from untrained residents ( P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Simulated training of Chevron, Akin, and triple Weil osteotomies in orthopedic residents improved procedural proficiency, enabling successful skill transfer to a surgical scenario in cadavers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II (Prospective Cohort Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ledermann
- From the Departamento de Traumatología (G.L., A.K., N.G., A.V.), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Servicio de Traumatología (G.L., A.K.); Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur-Oriente; and Facultad de Medicina (I.S.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Howie EE, Dharanikota H, Gunn E, Ambler O, Dias R, Wigmore SJ, Skipworth RJE, Yule S. Cognitive Load Management: An Invaluable Tool for Safe and Effective Surgical Training. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:311-322. [PMID: 36669990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article highlights the importance of considering Cognitive Load (CL) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) during surgical training, focusing on the acquisition of intra-operative skills. It describes the basis of CLT with the overarching aim of describing CLT-based techniques to enhance current training strategies and surgical performance, many of which are instinctively already employed in surgical practice. Currently, methods of feedback and assessment are imperfect - typically subjective, unsystematic, opportunistic, or retrospective, and at risk of human bias. Surgical Sabermetrics, the advanced analytics of surgical and audio-visual data, aims to enhance this feedback by providing objective, real-time, digital-based feedback. This article introduces the benefit of real-time measurement of CL to enhance feedback and its applications to surgical performance that follow the ethos of Surgical Sabermetrics.1 The 2022 theme for ICOSET was "Making it Better." Cognitive Load and Surgical Sabermetrics principles provide tools to make Surgical training better, with the goal of higher quality care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Howie
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Eilidh Gunn
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Ambler
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Dias
- STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J E Skipworth
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Yule
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Selman F, Günsoy E, Yürüktümen Ünal A, Şenol Y. Content and Adequacy of Emergency Medicine Point of Care Ultrasound Training: Evaluation of Turkey. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/eajem.galenos.2022.71224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Nucci A, Sforzi I, Morley-Fletcher A, Saffirio C, Bussolin L, Masi S, Weinstock P, De Luca M. Quality Improvement Initiative Using Blended In Situ Simulation Training on Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Better Patient Care at Lower Costs. Simul Healthc 2022; 17:299-307. [PMID: 34966127 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence in the literature for high-fidelity in situ simulation training programs being an effective modality for physicians training. This quality initiative focused on implementation of the procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in our pediatric emergency department (PED). The primary outcomes of this study were to evaluate the impact of blended in situ simulation training (BST) program on PSA for closed forearm fracture reduction in the PED and to assess its cost-effectiveness. The secondary outcomes were to estimate this change on PSA's clinical efficacy and safety. METHODS Between 2014 and 2018, a single-center, quasi-experimental, uncontrolled before and after study on forearm fracture reduction management was conducted. To assess the impact of our BST-PSA course, both historical control and prospective analyses were performed. Statistical significance was based on Fisher exact test or Pearson χ 2 test. RESULTS Eight hundred eighty-five children met inclusion criteria. A significant difference in the number of PSAs performed in the PED, before and after BST, was found (37% vs. 85.3%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a reduction in the number of hospitalizations for closed fracture reduction was measured (68.2% vs. 31.8%, P < 0.001). The overall cost savings from the BST-enabled increase in PSAs carried out in the PED was €370,714 ($440,838) with a return on investment of 64:1. No significant increase of PSA-related adverse events was found, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence of the benefits of implementing BST to enable PSA use in the PED, with an improved patient flow and significant cost savings from avoiding unnecessary hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nucci
- From the Emergency Department, Simulation Program, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy (A.N.); Emergency Department, Simulation Program, Pediatric Trauma Center, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy (I.S., C.S.); Pediatric Simulation Program, South Shore Hospital, Faculty Simulator Program (SIMPeds), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.-F.); Trauma Center, Neuro-anesthesia and Pediatric Neuro-intensive Unit Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy (L.B.); Director (Trauma Center) Emergency Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy (S.M.); Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Simulator Program (SIMPeds), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (P.W.); and Simulation and Risk Management, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy (D.L.M.)
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De Mol L, Desender L, Van Herzeele I, Van de Voorde P, Konge L, Willaert W. Assessing competence in Chest Tube Insertion with the ACTION-tool: A Delphi study. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Simons MC, Hunt JA, Anderson SL. What's the evidence? A review of current instruction and assessment in veterinary surgical education. Vet Surg 2022; 51:731-743. [PMID: 35543678 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary surgical education is improved by studying the relevant literature. The aim of this literature review was to report the theory and methods used to provide surgical education to veterinary students; to discuss the training most likely to create a competent general practitioner; and to review assessment methods for simulated and live surgeries. The literature reviewed demonstrates that new graduates are expected to perform small animal sterilization, dental extraction, onychectomy, abscess treatment, aural hematoma repair, and mass removal with little or no supervision. Students require repetitive practice to reach competence; some practice can take place in a clinical skills laboratory on models or cadavers. When training novices, distributing practice over a longer time improves retention, but months without practice causes skills to decay. Suturing skills may be taught on models at a ratio of 1 instructor per 10 students. Veterinary students require 6-10 repetitions of each small animal sterilization surgery to reach competence; however, learning curves for other surgeries have not been established. Assessment of surgical skills has been undertaken using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) and observed model and live surgeries. Additional validated rubrics are needed in the field. Surgical educators are urged to continue to search for innovative ways to foster deliberate practice, assess skill, and provide feedback for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha C Simons
- Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie A Hunt
- Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacy L Anderson
- Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
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Lavoie P, Lapierre A, Maheu-Cadotte MA, Fontaine G, Khetir I, Bélisle M. Transfer of Clinical Decision-Making-Related Learning Outcomes Following Simulation-Based Education in Nursing and Medicine: A Scoping Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2022; 97:738-746. [PMID: 34789663 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simulation is often depicted as an effective tool for clinical decision-making education. Yet, there is a paucity of data regarding transfer of learning related to clinical decision-making following simulation-based education. The authors conducted a scoping review to map the literature regarding transfer of clinical decision-making learning outcomes following simulation-based education in nursing or medicine. METHOD Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, the authors searched 5 databases (CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) in May 2020 for quantitative studies in which the clinical decision-making performance of nursing and medical students or professionals was assessed following simulation-based education. Data items were extracted and coded. Codes were organized and hierarchized into patterns to describe conceptualizations and conditions of transfer, as well as learning outcomes related to clinical decision-making and assessment methods. RESULTS From 5,969 unique records, 61 articles were included. Only 7 studies (11%) assessed transfer to clinical practice. In the remaining 54 studies (89%), transfer was exclusively assessed in simulations that often included one or more variations in simulation features (e.g., scenarios, modalities, duration, and learner roles; 50, 82%). Learners' clinical decision-making, including data gathering, cue recognition, diagnoses, and/or management of clinical issues, was assessed using checklists, rubrics, and/or nontechnical skills ratings. CONCLUSIONS Research on simulation-based education has focused disproportionately on the transfer of learning from one simulation to another, and little evidence exists regarding transfer to clinical practice. The heterogeneity in conditions of transfer observed represents a substantial challenge in evaluating the effect of simulation-based education. The findings suggest that 3 dimensions of clinical decision-making performance are amenable to assessment-execution, accuracy, and speed-and that simulation-based learning related to clinical decision-making is predominantly understood as a gain in generalizable skills that can be easily applied from one context to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lavoie
- P. Lavoie is assistant professor, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, and researcher, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-6484
| | - Alexandra Lapierre
- A. Lapierre is a doctoral candidate, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-4940
| | - Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte
- M.-A. Maheu-Cadotte is a doctoral candidate, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3190-0901
| | - Guillaume Fontaine
- G. Fontaine is a postdoctoral research fellow, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-814X
| | - Imène Khetir
- I. Khetir is a master's student, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilou Bélisle
- M. Bélisle is associate professor, Faculty of Education, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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Goostrey K, Muehlschlegel S. Prognostication and shared decision making in neurocritical care. BMJ 2022; 377:e060154. [PMID: 35696329 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-060154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prognostication is crucial in the neurological intensive care unit (neuroICU). Patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) are unable to make their own decisions because of the insult itself or sedation needs. Surrogate decision makers, usually family members, must make decisions on the patient's behalf. However, many are unprepared for their role as surrogates owing to the sudden and unexpected nature of SABI. Surrogates rely on clinicians in the neuroICU to provide them with an outlook (prognosis) with which to make substituted judgments and decide on treatments and goals of care on behalf of the patient. Therefore, how a prognostic estimate is derived, and then communicated, is extremely important. Prognostication in the neuroICU is highly variable between clinicians and institutions, and evidence based guidelines are lacking. Shared decision making (SDM), where surrogates and clinicians arrive together at an individualized decision based on patient values and preferences, has been proposed as an opportunity to improve clinician-family communication and ensure that patients receive treatments they would choose. This review outlines the importance and current challenges of prognostication in the neuroICU and how prognostication and SDM intersect, based on relevant research and expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Goostrey
- Department of neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Susanne Muehlschlegel
- Department of neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of anesthesiology/critical care, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of surgery, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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A Region-Wide All-Hazard Training Program for Prehospital Mass Casualty Incident Management: A Real-World Case Study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e184. [PMID: 35361292 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the development, implementation, and results of a sustainable region-wide mass-casualty management prehospital training program implemented by the Regione Lombardia emergency medical services (EMS) agency AREU in Italy. METHODS The educational program learning objectives are: (1) command and control, communications, and resource management; (2) mass casualty triage and the START triage protocol; (3) on-scene management; (4) Regione Lombardia and AREU Mass Casualty standard operating procedures; and (5) inter-agency communications and relations. For each course edition data on participants' summative assessment, participants' feedback and costs were collected. RESULTS Between June 26, 2013, and December 31, 2020, a total of 84 editions of the provider training event were delivered, training an overall 1329 prehospital providers; 1239 (93%) passed the summative assessment and were qualified as being operationally "ready." Regarding participant feedback, the overall program was rated 4.4 ± 0.7 out of 5. The overall cost of running the provider program during the study period was €321 510 (circa US $382 000). The average cost per edition was €3828 and €242 per participant. CONCLUSIONS We have described a simple yet interactive simulation and blended-learning approach, which has yielded good pass rates, good participant satisfaction, and contained costs to systematically train emergency medical service personnel.
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Bramblet R, Altman A, Holbert M. Using Motion Tracking to Analyze Forceps Paths During Simulated Forceps-Assisted Vaginal Deliveries. Simul Healthc 2021; 16:e214-e218. [PMID: 33600138 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of motion tracking to discern variation in forceps paths during standardized simulated forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries among experienced and inexperienced obstetric providers. METHODS This is a pilot study involving 24 obstetrics and gynecology residents and 6 faculty at a single institution. Each participant was filmed performing standardized simulated forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries on a high-fidelity model. Motion tracking software (Kinovea, Medoc, France) was used to track the path of the forceps shank. Data were analyzed for total path length, total x-plane displacement, total y-plane displacement, and final forceps angle. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate for statistically significant differences between groups based on education year, with Turkey HSD post hoc test to identify interactions. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were noted between groups in the total path length (F = 7.57, P < 0.001) and total y-plane displacement (F = 5.79, P < 0.001). On pairwise comparison, significant differences were noted between faculty and postgraduate year 1 as well as faculty and postgraduate year 2 for total y-plane displacement and total path length. Significant differences were not observed between groups for total x-plane displacement (F = 0.89, P = 0.475) and final forceps angle (F = 2.45, P = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS Motion tracking of standardized simulated forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries identifies statistically significant differences between experienced and inexperienced obstetric providers. Our findings suggest that motion tracking can be used to design an educational intervention to improve forceps technique among obstetrics and gynecology residents.
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Sidi A, Gravenstein N, Vasilopoulos T, Lampotang S. Simulation-Based Assessment Identifies Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Skills in an Anesthesiology Residency Training Program. J Patient Saf 2021; 17:e490-e496. [PMID: 28582277 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe observed improvements in nontechnical or "higher-order" deficiencies and cognitive performance skills in an anesthesia residency cohort for a 1-year time interval. Our main objectives were to evaluate higher-order, cognitive performance and to demonstrate that simulation can effectively serve as an assessment of cognitive skills and can help detect "higher-order" deficiencies, which are not as well identified through more traditional assessment tools. We hypothesized that simulation can identify longitudinal changes in cognitive skills and that cognitive performance deficiencies can then be remediated over time. METHODS We used 50 scenarios evaluating 35 residents during 2 subsequent years, and 18 of those 35 residents were evaluated in both years (post graduate years 3 then 4) in the same or similar scenarios. Individual basic knowledge and cognitive performance during simulation-based scenarios were assessed using a 20- to 27-item scenario-specific checklist. Items were labeled as basic knowledge/technical (lower-order cognition) or advanced cognitive/nontechnical (higher-order cognition). Identical or similar scenarios were repeated annually by a subset of 18 residents during 2 successive academic years. For every scenario and item, we calculated group error scenario rate (frequency) and individual (resident) item success. Grouped individuals' success rates are calculated as mean (SD), and item success grade and group error rates are calculated and presented as proportions. For all analyses, α level is 0.05. RESULTS Overall PGY4 residents' error rates were lower and success rates higher for the cognitive items compared with technical item performance in the operating room and resuscitation domains. In all 3 clinical domains, the cognitive error rate by PGY4 residents was fairly low (0.00-0.22) and the cognitive success rate by PGY4 residents was high (0.83-1.00) and significantly better compared with previous annual assessments (P < 0.05). Overall, there was an annual decrease in error rates for 2 years, primarily driven by decreases in cognitive errors. The most commonly observed cognitive error types remained anchoring, availability bias, premature closure, and confirmation bias. CONCLUSIONS Simulation-based assessments can highlight cognitive performance areas of relative strength, weakness, and progress in a resident or resident cohort. We believe that they can therefore be used to inform curriculum development including activities that require higher-level cognitive processing.
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Brady AK, Town JA, Robins L, Bowen J. Bronchoscopy Teaching Without a Gold Standard: Attending Pulmonologists' Assessment of Learners, Supervisory Styles, and Variation in Practice. Chest 2021; 160:1799-1807. [PMID: 34126057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing role of simulation in procedural teaching, bronchoscopy training largely is experiential and occurs during patient care. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education sets a target of 100 bronchoscopies to be performed during pulmonary fellowship. Attending physicians must balance fellow autonomy with patient safety during these clinical teaching experiences. Few data on best practices for bronchoscopy teaching exist, and a better understanding of how bronchoscopy currently is supervised could allow for improvement in bronchoscopy teaching. RESEARCH QUESTION How do attending bronchoscopists supervise bronchoscopy, and in particular, how do attendings balance fellow autonomy with patient safety? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a focused ethnography conducted at a single center using audio recording of dialog between attendings and fellows during bronchoscopies, supplemented by observation of nonverbal teaching. Interviews with attending bronchoscopists and limited interviews of fellows also were recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim before analysis. We used constant comparative analysis to analyze data and qualitative research software to support data organization and thematic analysis. Education researchers from outside of pulmonary critical care joined the team to minimize bias. RESULTS We observed seven attending bronchoscopists supervising eight bronchoscopies. We noted distinct teaching behaviors, classified into themes, which then were grouped into four supervisory styles of modelling, coaching, scaffolding, and fading. Observation and interviews illuminated that assessing fellow skill was one tool used to choose a style, and attendings moved between styles. Attendings accepted some, but not all, variation in both performing and supervising bronchoscopy. INTERPRETATION Attending pulmonologists used a range of teaching microskills as they moved between different supervisory styles and selectively accepted variation in practice. These distinct approaches may create well-rounded bronchoscopists by the end of fellowship training and should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Brady
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
| | - James A Town
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lynne Robins
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Judith Bowen
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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Abeysekera N, Whitmore KA, Abeysekera A, Pang G, Laupland KB. Applications of 3D printing in critical care medicine: A scoping review. Anaesth Intensive Care 2021; 49:164-172. [PMID: 33789504 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x20976655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although a wide range of medical applications for three-dimensional printing technology have been recognised, little has been described about its utility in critical care medicine. The aim of this review was to identify three-dimensional printing applications related to critical care practice. A scoping review of the literature was conducted via a systematic search of three databases. A priori specified themes included airway management, procedural support, and simulation and medical education. The search identified 1544 articles, of which 65 were included. Ranging across many applications, most were published since 2016 in non - critical care discipline-specific journals. Most studies related to the application of three-dimensional printed models of simulation and reported good fidelity; however, several studies reported that the models poorly represented human tissue characteristics. Randomised controlled trials found some models were equivalent to commercial airway-related skills trainers. Several studies relating to the use of three-dimensional printing model simulations for spinal and neuraxial procedures reported a high degree of realism, including ultrasonography applications three-dimensional printing technologies. This scoping review identified several novel applications for three-dimensional printing in critical care medicine. Three-dimensional printing technologies have been under-utilised in critical care and provide opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Abeysekera
- Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Kirsty A Whitmore
- Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Ashvini Abeysekera
- Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - George Pang
- Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Kevin B Laupland
- Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Lakhani S, Selim OA, Saeed MZ. Arthroscopic Simulation: The Future of Surgical Training: A Systematic Review. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202103000-00006. [PMID: 33750750 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthroscopic simulation has rapidly evolved recently with the introduction of higher-fidelity simulation models, such as virtual reality simulators, which provide trainees an environment to practice skills without causing undue harm to patients. Simulation training also offers a uniform approach to learn surgical skills with immediate feedback. The aim of this article is to review the recent research investigating the use of arthroscopy simulators in training and the teaching of surgical skills. METHODS A systematic review of the Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases for English-language articles published before December 2019 was conducted. The search terms included arthroscopy or arthroscopic in combination with simulation or simulator. RESULTS We identified a total of 44 relevant studies involving benchtop or virtually simulated ankle, knee, shoulder, and hip arthroscopy environments. The majority of these studies demonstrated construct and transfer validity; considerably fewer studies demonstrated content and face validity. CONCLUSIONS Our review indicates that there is a considerable evidence base regarding the use of arthroscopy simulators for training purposes. Further work should focus on the development of a more uniform simulator training course that can be compared with current intraoperative training in large-scale trials with long-term follow-up at tertiary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Lakhani
- Division of Surgical & Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Omar A Selim
- Division of Surgical & Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mason EM, Deal MJ, Richey BP, Baker A, Zeini IM, Service BC, Osbahr DC. Innate Arthroscopic & Laparoscopic Surgical Skills: A Systematic Review of Predictive Performance Indicators Within Novice Surgical Trainees. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:178-200. [PMID: 32591323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To query the literature for predictive factors for performance on arthroscopic and laparoscopic surgical simulators in novice surgical trainees. These predictive factors may prove a valuable tool in identifying certain innate potential to becoming a future skilled surgeon that could benefit both surgical residency candidates and program directors alike, while also improving patient care. DESIGN Systematic Review. RESULTS The initial searches yielded 249 articles. After screening titles/abstracts and implementing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 studies were included in the final systematic review. CONCLUSIONS Current literature suggests that video game experience/frequency, psychomotor and visuospatial aptitude, and perceptual ability are among the most promising predictive indicators of baseline simulator performance. Study limitations include utilization of different standards for characterizing predictive factors. Future studies should aim to utilize standard guidelines for accurate quantification of innate predictive factors. Future research should also focus on utilizing standardized simulator platforms and aptitude tests to allow for more accurate cross-study comparisons and meta-analyses with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Mason
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Bradley P Richey
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alexandra Baker
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Benjamin C Service
- Sports Medicine Division, Orlando Health Orthopedic Institute, Orlando, Florida
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Sattler LA, Schuety C, Nau M, Foster DV, Hunninghake J, Sjulin T, Boster J. Simulation-Based Medical Education Improves Procedural Confidence in Core Invasive Procedures for Military Internal Medicine Residents. Cureus 2020; 12:e11998. [PMID: 33437553 PMCID: PMC7793434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) requires that trainees receive procedural training for certification; however, Internal Medicine (IM) residents perform a variable number of procedures throughout residency training. This results in differences in confidence levels as well as procedural competence. For active-duty military trainees, this is especially problematic, as these procedural skills are often required during deployment soon after residency graduation. This deficit can be improved through standardized simulation-based training. Methods All internal medicine residents at our institution were invited to participate in a standardized simulation-based training program for core internal medicine procedures (lumbar puncture, arterial line, central line, thoracentesis, paracentesis, and arthrocentesis). Residents were asked to qualitatively rate their perceived procedural confidence using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (extremely confident) in their ability to independently perform core internal medicine procedures prior to the simulation exercise. Experienced senior residents and internal medicine faculty instructed and supervised each resident as they performed the procedures. Following the simulation exercise, the residents repeated the survey and were asked to report whether or not they found the exercise useful. Results Of the 96 residents invited to participate, 49 completed the pre-simulation questionnaire and 36 completed the post-simulation questionnaire. The cumulative mean Likert scale confidence rating for all procedures showed a statistically significant improvement post-simulation as compared to pre-simulation, including lumbar puncture (2.45±1.1 vs. 3.42±0.87, p<0.05), arterial line (2.48±1.06 vs. 3.39±1.04, p < 0.05), central line (2.86±1.08 vs. 3.5±1.02, p < 0.05), thoracentesis (2.67±1.10 vs. 3.64±0.83, p < 0.05), paracentesis (3.1±1.08 vs. 3.82±0.74, p < 0.05), and arthrocentesis (2.56±1.07 vs. 3.67±0.80, p < 0.05). All (36/36) trainees reported that they perceived the simulation exercise as valuable. Conclusion Internal medicine residents across all post-graduate year (PGY) levels at our institution lacked confidence to independently perform core internal medicine procedures. Utilizing simulation-based medical education as an adjunct to clinical training is well accepted by internal medicine trainees, and resulted in significantly improved procedural confidence. This intervention was well received by trainees and could feasibly be replicated at other active-duty military internal medicine residency programs to assist with readiness. Research is currently in progress to correlate in-situ competency and evaluate clinical outcomes of this improved confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Sattler
- Internal Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Chad Schuety
- Internal Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Mark Nau
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, USA
| | - Daniel V Foster
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - John Hunninghake
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Tyson Sjulin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Joshua Boster
- Internal Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
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Richey BP, Deal MJ, Baker A, Mason EM, Zeini IM, Osbahr DC, Service BC. Predictors of Performance on the Arthrobox Arthroscopy Simulator for Medical Students. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2020; 2:e829-e837. [PMID: 33376998 PMCID: PMC7754603 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of past participation in athletics, the playing of musical instruments and video games and other variables on medical students’ performance on an arthroscopic simulator task as well as other assessments of visuospatial ability. Methods We assessed 50 medical students by using previously validated tests of manual dexterity and spatial reasoning as well as performance on an arthroscopic surgical simulator. Inclusion criteria were to be 18 years of age or older and to be a student studying in the M.D. program at a single public state university. Exclusion criteria were previous use of an arthroscopic surgery training device or active participation in an actual arthroscopic surgery, defined as participating as a surgeon, resident trainee, physician’s assistant, or other similarly credentialed professional. Students were also assessed by the use of a high-fidelity ultrasound simulator as a marker of visuospatial capacity. Students were then surveyed about lifestyle characteristics and personal attributes hypothesized to predict surgical skill, such as playing sports, instruments or video games. Results A total of 49 participants were included in this study. High levels of athletic experience were significantly associated with improved performance on the arthroscopic surgical simulator (P = .008). Participants with higher levels of athletic experience were more likely to achieve competence on the arthroscopic surgical simulator (P = .006). Scores on the arthroscopic simulator task were significantly correlated with both ultrasound simulator shape-identification task scores and masked mirror-tracing task scores, as independent measures of visuospatial ability (P = .015 and P = .013, respectively). Conclusions This study provides evidence of a statistically significant correlation between increased experience in athletics and single-use test performance on an arthroscopic surgical simulator. Subjects who reported higher levels of experience in athletics were significantly more likely to achieve competence in the arthroscopic surgical simulator task. Finally, statistically significant correlations were found between subjects’ performance scores on tasks assessed by the surgical simulator, masked mirror-trace assessment and ultrasound simulator. Clinical Relevance Simulator-based training and education allow for the development of arthroscopic skills prior to operating on a live patient in a clinical situation. This is an area of great interest in orthopaedic education. Our study evaluates parameters in a trainee that may relate to a higher performance level in technical skills on an arthroscopic surgical simulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P. Richey
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
| | | | - Alexandra Baker
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Eric M. Mason
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Ibrahim Mamdouh Zeini
- Orlando Health Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A
- Address correspondence to Ibrahim Mamdouh Zeini, Ph.D. P.M.P., S.A., C.C.R.P., Sports Medicine Division, Orlando Health, 22 Lake Beauty Drive, MP 141, Orlando, Florida 32806, U.S.A.
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[Simulation curricular content in postgraduate emergency medicine: A multicentre Delphi study]. CAN J EMERG MED 2020; 21:667-675. [PMID: 31084629 DOI: 10.1017/cem.2019.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is increasing evidence to support integration of simulation into medical training; however, no national emergency medicine (EM) simulation curriculum exists. Using Delphi methodology, we aimed to identify and establish content validity for adult EM curricular content best suited for simulation-based training, to inform national postgraduate EM training. METHODS A national panel of experts in EM simulation iteratively rated potential curricular topics, on a 4-point scale, to determine those best suited for simulation-based training. After each round, responses were analyzed. Topics scoring <2/4 were removed and remaining topics were resent to the panel for further ratings until consensus was achieved, defined as Cronbach α ≥ 0.95. At conclusion of the Delphi process, topics rated ≥ 3.5/4 were considered "core" curricular topics, while those rated 3.0-3.5 were considered "extended" curricular topics. RESULTS Forty-five experts from 13 Canadian centres participated. Two hundred eighty potential curricular topics, in 29 domains, were generated from a systematic literature review, relevant educational documents and Delphi panellists. Three rounds of surveys were completed before consensus was achieved, with response rates ranging from 93-100%. Twenty-eight topics, in eight domains, reached consensus as "core" curricular topics. Thirty-five additional topics, in 14 domains, reached consensus as "extended" curricular topics. CONCLUSIONS Delphi methodology allowed for achievement of expert consensus and content validation of EM curricular content best suited for simulation-based training. These results provide a foundation for improved integration of simulation into postgraduate EM training and can be used to inform a national simulation curriculum to supplement clinical training and optimize learning.
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Criner GJ, Eberhardt R, Fernandez-Bussy S, Gompelmann D, Maldonado F, Patel N, Shah PL, Slebos DJ, Valipour A, Wahidi MM, Weir M, Herth FJ. Interventional Bronchoscopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:29-50. [PMID: 32023078 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201907-1292so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 150 years, bronchoscopy, especially flexible bronchoscopy, has been a mainstay for airway inspection, the diagnosis of airway lesions, therapeutic aspiration of airway secretions, and transbronchial biopsy to diagnose parenchymal lung disorders. Its utility for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules and therapeutic treatments besides aspiration of airway secretions, however, has been limited. Challenges to the wider use of flexible bronchoscopy have included difficulty in navigating to the lung periphery, the avoidance of vasculature structures when performing diagnostic biopsies, and the ability to biopsy a lesion under direct visualization. The last 10-15 years have seen major advances in thoracic imaging, navigational platforms to direct the bronchoscopist to lung lesions, and the ability to visualize lesions during biopsy. Moreover, multiple new techniques have either become recently available or are currently being investigated to treat a broad range of airway and lung parenchymal diseases, such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis, or to alleviate recurrent exacerbations. New bronchoscopic therapies are also being investigated to not only diagnose, but possibly treat, malignant peripheral lung nodules. As a result, flexible bronchoscopy is now able to provide a new and expanding armamentarium of diagnostic and therapeutic tools to treat patients with a variety of lung diseases. This State-of-the-Art review succinctly reviews these techniques and provides clinicians an organized approach to their role in the diagnosis and treatment of a range of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Criner
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ralf Eberhardt
- Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Gompelmann
- Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Maldonado
- Department of Medicine and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Neal Patel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Pallav L Shah
- Respiratory Medicine at the Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Krankenhaus Nord, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Momen M Wahidi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark Weir
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Felix J Herth
- Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gabbott B, Beak P, Stoddart M, Morgan RV, Malik D, Eastwood DM. Is Research in Simulation as Accessible as Traditional Clinical Research? A Review of the 'Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare' Conference. Cureus 2020; 12:e9798. [PMID: 32953310 PMCID: PMC7494415 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meta-analysis of simulation teaching has shown to be an effective teaching methodology. The Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare (ASPIH) annual international, multidisciplinary conference is recognised as the leading UK meeting for simulation-based education. We hypothesise that simulation-based research presented at this conference is currently less accessible than more traditional clinical research presentations. Method We reviewed the abstracts of all research presented at the 5th ASPIH Conference, 2014 and then utilised the Bhandari methodology to assess whether an abstract had subsequently been published in a peer review journal. Our secondary aim was to assess for recurring themes that may predict publication. Results Twenty-seven of 197 (14%) abstracts presented at the 2014 meeting were subsequently published. The mean lead time to publication from the conference was 23 (2 - 61) months. Two positive predictive factors for publication were oral presentations (vs poster), and a Kirkpatrick level above 1. Conclusion The publication rate for abstracts from respected clinical conferences is 30%, but the publication rate for ASPIH abstracts is significantly below this. The potential reasons for this may include a lack of simulation specific journals. Authors should aim to publish simulation-based research in peer reviewed publications to help progress the role and the value of simulation in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gabbott
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, London, GBR
| | - Philip Beak
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Kingston Hospital, London, GBR
| | - Michael Stoddart
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, London, GBR
| | - Rebecca V Morgan
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, London, GBR
| | - Dean Malik
- Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, London, GBR
| | - Deborah M Eastwood
- Paediatric Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital Stanmore, London, GBR
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Meineri M, Qua-Hiansen J, Garijo JM, Ansari B, Ruggeri GM, Ender J, Mashari A. Evaluation of a Patient-Specific, Low-Cost, 3-Dimensional-Printed Transesophageal Echocardiography Human Heart Phantom. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:208-215. [PMID: 32732098 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently available 3-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing techniques allow for the creation of patient-specific models based on 3D medical imaging data. The authors hypothesized that a low-cost, patient-specific, cardiac computed tomography-based phantom, created using desktop 3D printing and casting, would have comparable image quality, accuracy, and usability to an existing commercially available echocardiographic phantom. DESIGN Blinded comparative study. SETTING Simulation laboratory at a single academic institution. PARTICIPANTS Voluntary cardiac anesthesiologists at a single academic institution. INTERVENTIONS Stage 1 of the study consisted of an online questionnaire in which a set of basic transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) views obtained from the 3D printed phantom and commercial phantom were presented to participants, who had to identify the views and evaluate their fidelity to clinical images on a Likert scale. In stage 2, participants performed an unblinded basic TEE examination on both phantoms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The time needed to acquire each basic view was recorded. Overall usability of the phantoms was assessed through a questionnaire. The participants could recognize most of the views. Fidelity ratings for both phantoms were similar (p < 0.05), with the exception of a midesophageal 2-chamber view that was observed better on the 3D printed phantom. The time required to obtain the views was shorter for the 3D printed phantom, although not statistically significant for most views. The overall user experience was better for the 3D phantom for all categories examined (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that a 3D-printed TEE phantom is comparable with the commercially available one with good usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Meineri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Joshua Qua-Hiansen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacobo Moreno Garijo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bilal Ansari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulia Maria Ruggeri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joerg Ender
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Azad Mashari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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The AaLplus near-peer teaching program in Family Medicine strengthens basic medical skills-A five-year retrospective study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233748. [PMID: 32470972 PMCID: PMC7259978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basic medical skills such as history taking and physical examination are essential components of clinical work profiles, but nevertheless have been neglected by conventional preclinical curricula. The near-peer-teaching program AaLplus [living anatomy plus] teaches basic medical skills, especially history taking, physical examination, and venepuncture, to preclinical students. It is a highly popular compulsory course in the first four semesters (320 students/year, 9h/semester) at Heidelberg University and ends with a formative Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) during which students receive structured in-depth feedback on their performance. AaLplus is part of the Department of General Practice’s longitudinal curriculum for Family Medicine. Objectives This study aims to assess whether the AaLplus program has positive effects on students’ clinical skill development and subjective confidence in history taking, physical examination and venepuncture. Methods From 2015 to 2019, we asked all AaLplus participants to rate the program and self-assess their medical skills on 5-point Likert scales (min 1, max 5). In 4-station OSCEs, trained tutors rated the students’ performance in all taught skills using standardized checklists. Results From 2015 to 2019 n = 1534 questionnaires returned (response rate = 98.6%, 52.7% females). After course completion, students felt able to take a patient’s history (mean 3.97, SD = 0.75) and perform physical examinations (means range 3.82–4.36, SDs range 0.74–0.89) as well as venepuncture (mean 4.12, SD = 0.88). A large majority of students claimed they acquired these skills in the AaLplus program. During OSCE, 81.9% passed anamnesis, 93.1% passed physical examination, and 95.4% passed venepuncture (of n = 1556). Students mostly rated the feedback they received during the OSCE as “helpful” or “very helpful” (means for different stations 4.69–4.76, SDs 0.50–0.70). Conclusions AaLplus is a positive example of a peer teaching program in the preclinical stage of medical studies. It successfully trains junior students in essential medical abilities and increases their confidence in their skills. A high percentage of students pass the formative OSCE and evaluate it positively. Consistently high ratings indicate the program’s routine viability. Further studies are needed to analyze if programs like AaLplus could have an impact on the number of graduates choosing career in Family Medicine.
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Berl Q, Resseguier N, Katsogiannou M, Mauviel F, Carcopino X, Boubli L, Blanc J. Objective assessment of obstetrics residents' surgical skills in caesarean: Development and evaluation of a specific rating scale. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 50:101812. [PMID: 32439616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a modified version of Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (OSATS) rating scale for evaluation of surgical skills specific to caesarean and to assess its relevance in documenting the residents' learning curve during their training. Secondarily, to verify the scale's stability to caesarean's level of difficulty and comparing self-assessment to hetero-assessment in order to propose a practical application of this rating scale during residency. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a multicentre observational prospective study, from May 2018 to November 2018. All residents at that time could participate and fill in the rating scale after caesarean. Senior surgeons had to fill in the same rating scale. We analysed correlation between self-assessments and hetero-assessments and sensitivity to change of the rating scale. Analysis of feature's relevance was performed by principal component analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis. RESULTS In total, 234 rating scales were completed evaluating 18 residents. Our study demonstrated that our rating scale could be used to evaluate surgical skills of residents during caesarean and distinguish their year of residency (p < 0.001) with a high correlation between self and hetero-assessment (Intraclass Correlation coefficient for global score: 0.78; 95% CI 0.68-0.86). The principal component analysis revealed two dimensions corresponding to the two parts of the rating scale and the factorial analysis allowed us to confirm distribution of features according to these two dimensions. Cronbach's alpha allowed us to highlight the percentage of representation of the scale's features in relation to all potential theoretical features (0.93, 95% CI 0.82-0.95). CONCLUSION Our rating scale could be used for self-assessment during residency and as a hetero-assessment tool for validating defined stages of the internship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Berl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nord Hospital, APHM, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- EA 3279, Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13284, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Katsogiannou
- Hôpital Saint Joseph, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, FR-13008, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Mauviel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ste Musse Hospital, 54, rue Henri Sainte Claire Deville, 83000, Toulon, France
| | - Xavier Carcopino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nord Hospital, APHM, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR, Marseille, France
| | - Léon Boubli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nord Hospital, APHM, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Blanc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nord Hospital, APHM, Chemin des Bourrely, 13015, Marseille, France; EA 3279, Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life, Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13284, Marseille, France.
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Kelm DJ, Ridgeway JL, Ratelle JT, Sawatsky AP, Halvorsen AJ, Niven AS, Brady A, Hayes MM, McSparron JI, Ramar K, Beckman TJ. Characteristics of Effective Teachers of Invasive Bedside Procedures: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study. Chest 2020; 158:2047-2057. [PMID: 32428512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faculty supervision of invasive bedside procedures (IBPs) in the ICU may enhance procedural education and ensure patient safety. However, there is limited research on teaching effectiveness in the ICU, and there are no best teaching practices regarding the supervision of IBPs. RESEARCH QUESTION We conducted a multi-institutional qualitative study of pulmonary and critical care medicine faculty and fellows to better understand characteristics of effective IBP teachers. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Separate focus groups (FGs) were conducted with fellows and faculty at four large academic institutions that were geographically distributed across the United States. FGs were facilitated by a trained investigator, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Themes were identified inductively and compared with constructs from social and situated learning theories. Data were analyzed between and across professional groups. Qualitative research software (NVivo; QSR International) was used to facilitate data organization and create an audit trail of the analysis. A multidisciplinary research team was engaged to minimize interpretive bias. RESULTS Thirty-three faculty and 30 fellows participated. Inductive analysis revealed three categories of themes among successful IBP teachers: traits, behaviors, and context. Traits included calm demeanor, trust, procedural competence, and effective communication. Behaviors included leading preprocedure huddles to assess learners' experiences and define expectations; debriefing to provide feedback; and allowing appropriate autonomy. Context included learning climate, levels of distraction, patient acuity, and institutional culture. INTERPRETATION We identified specific traits and behaviors of effective IBP teachers that intersect with the practice environment, which highlights the challenge of teaching IBPs. Notably, FG participants emphasized interpersonal, more than technical, aspects of successful IBP teachers. These findings should inform future curricula on teaching IBPs in the ICU, standardize IBP teaching for pulmonary and critical care medicine fellows, and reduce patient injury from procedural complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Kelm
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Jennifer L Ridgeway
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John T Ratelle
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Adam P Sawatsky
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Andrew J Halvorsen
- Office of Educational Innovations, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexander S Niven
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anna Brady
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Margaret M Hayes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jakob I McSparron
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kannan Ramar
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas J Beckman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Headman ZC, Matson MC, Schneider RP, Potter JL, Loguda-Summers DL, Bhatia S, Kondrashova T. Developing Neuraxial and Regional Pain Procedural Skills Through Innovative 3-Dimensional Printing Technology. J Osteopath Med 2020; 120:273-282. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Various forms of simulation-based training, including training models, increase training opportunities and help assess performance of a task. However, commercial training models for lumbar puncture and epidural procedures are costly.
Objective
To assess medical students’ and residents’ perception of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed lumbar, cervical, and pelvic models for mastering joint injection techniques and to determine the utility of ultrasonography-guided needle procedure training.
Methods
Osteopathic medical students and residents used in-house 3D-printed gel joint models during an injection ultrasonography laboratory for mastering lumbar epidural, caudal epidural, sacroiliac, and facet joint injection techniques. After the laboratory, they answered a 17-item survey about their perception of the importance of the models in medical education and future practice. The survey also evaluated comfort levels with performing joint injections after using the models, overall satisfaction with the models, and likelihood of using models in the future.
Results
Thirty-six medical students and residents participated. Both students and residents agreed that 3D-printed models were easy to use, aided understanding of corresponding procedures, and increased comfort with performing joint injections (all P<.001). Most participants (35 [97.2%]) believed that the models were reasonable alternatives to commercial models. Over half felt capable of successfully performing cervical or pelvic (22 [61.1%]) and lumbar epidural (23 [63.9%]) injections. The majority of participants (34 [94.4%]) would like to use the models in the future for personal training purposes. Overall, 100% believed that the 3D-printed models were a useful tool for injection training.
Conclusions
Results suggest that 3D-printed models provided realistic training experience for injection procedures and seemed to allow participants to quickly master new injection techniques. These models offer a visual representation of human anatomy and could be a cost-saving alternative to commercial trainers.
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Korte W, Merz C, Kirchhoff F, Heimeshoff J, Goecke T, Beckmann E, Kaufeld T, Fleissner F, Arar M, Schilling T, Haverich A, Shrestha M, Martens A. Train early and with deliberate practice: simple coronary surgery simulation platform results in fast increase in technical surgical skills in residents and students. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 30:871-878. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The amount of intense and focused training with the specific goal to improve performance (i.e. deliberate practice) is a predictor of expert-level performance in multiple domains of psychomotor skill learning. Simulation training improves surgical skills in cardiac surgery. We established a training programme that enables early surgical exposure and assessment. We investigated the training effects in coronary surgery simulations in trainees with different levels of surgical experience.
METHODS
The early surgical exposure and assessment programme comprises a low- and high-fidelity simulation, self-organized training, instructed workshops and a stepwise challenge increase. Performance was assessed with a multidimensional skill matrix using video recordings. Two groups of trainees [students (N = 7), 1-/2-year residents (N = 6)] completed introductory training (pretraining, level 1) and two 3-week training periods (levels 2 and 3). Fellows (N = 6) served as controls. Residents and students underwent deliberate practice training with specific training targets. Fellows performed regularly scheduled coronary surgery cases. Entry and exit assessments were conducted for levels 2 and 3.
RESULTS
Fellows did not improve overall performance. Residents and students showed significant improvements in both technical accuracy and completion times. Residents reached an overall performance level comparable to fellows. Students reached similar accuracy of surgical skills with longer completion times [level 3 exit score/time: fellows 27 (24–29)/min; residents 27 (21–30)/min, P = 0.94; students 17 (17–25)/min, P = 0.068].
CONCLUSIONS
Deliberate practice training resulted in a fast and substantial increase in surgical skills in residents and students. Unexperienced residents reach performance levels of fellows. Deliberate practice simulation programmes should be a mandatory component of surgical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Korte
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanze Merz
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kirchhoff
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Heimeshoff
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Goecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Erik Beckmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Kaufeld
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Fleissner
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Morsi Arar
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Schilling
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malakh Shrestha
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Martens
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Orthopaedic Residents' Transfer of Knee Arthroscopic Abilities from the Simulator to the Operating Room. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2020; 28:194-199. [PMID: 31415299 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-19-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ultimate goal for any surgical simulation program is to prove the capability of transferring the skills learned to real-life surgical scenarios. We designed an arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) training program and sought to determine its ability to transfer skills to real patients. METHODS Eleven junior orthopaedic residents and three expert knee surgeons were included. A low-fidelity knee simulator was used. Trainees had two baseline assessments of completing APM on a supervised real patient and on the simulator, measured using the Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET). After baseline, the trainees completed an APM training program and had a final evaluation of proficiency on the simulator and in real patients. Experts were also assessed for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed, assuming nonparametric behavior of variables. RESULTS All trainees improved from a base score of 14 points in real patients and 10 points on the simulator to a final score of 39 points and 36 points, respectively (P < 0.01). The final trainee simulator score did not differ from experts on the simulator and was lower in real patients (36 versus 39 points, respectively, P ≤ 0.01), which resulted in a 92% transfer ratio for the simulator. DISCUSSION Simulated training of APM in orthopaedic residents using a low-fidelity knee simulator proved to not only improve simulated proficiency but also successfully transfer skills to a real clinical scenario with a high model transfer ratio. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II (Prospective Cohort Study).
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Hunt JA, Heydenburg M, Kelly CK, Anderson SL, Dascanio JJ. Development and Validation of a Canine Castration Model and Rubric. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 47:78-90. [PMID: 31009276 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.1117-158r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary educators use models to allow repetitive practice of surgical skills leading to clinical competence. Canine castration is a commonly performed procedure that is considered a Day One competency for a veterinarian. In this study, we sought to create and evaluate a canine pre-scrotal closed castration model and grading rubric using a validation framework of content evidence, internal structure evidence, and relationship with other variables. Veterinarians (n = 8) and students (n = 32) were recorded while they performed a castration on the model and provided survey feedback. A subset of the students (n = 7) then performed a live canine castration, and their scores were compared with their model scores. One hundred percent of the veterinarians and 91% of the students reported that the model was helpful in training for canine castration. They highlighted several areas for continued improvement. Veterinarians' model performance scores were significantly higher than students', indicating that the model had adequate features to differentiate expert from novice performance. Students' performance on the model strongly correlated with their performance of live castration (r = .82). Surgical time was also strongly correlated (r = .70). The internal consistency of model and live rubric scores were good at .85 and .94, respectively. The framework supported validation of the model and rubric. The canine castration model facilitated cost-efficient practice in a safe environment in which students received instructor feedback and learned through experience without the risk of negatively affecting a patient's well-being. The strong correlation between model and live animal performance scores suggests that the model could be useful for mastery learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hunt
- Associate Professor of Clinical Skills at Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | | | - Stacy L Anderson
- Assistant Professor of Large Animal Surgery, Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - John J Dascanio
- Professor of Theriogenology, Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine
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Reid-McDermott B, Browne M, Byrne D, O’Connor P, O’Dowd E, Walsh C, Madden C, Lydon S. Using simulation to explore the impact of device design on the learning and performance of peripheral intravenous cannulation. Adv Simul (Lond) 2019; 4:27. [PMID: 31832244 PMCID: PMC6868858 DOI: 10.1186/s41077-019-0118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The design of medical devices impacts upon the performance of healthcare professionals and patient safety. However, multiple devices serving the same function are often available. The purpose of this study was to use simulation as a means of examining the impact of differences in device design on (1) learning of, or attainment of behavioral fluency in, peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC); and (2) the generalization, or transfer, of learning on one device to performance of PIVC using an untrained device. METHODS A total of 25 final cycle medical students participated in this study which used a randomized two-group design. Participants were randomly assigned to learn PIVC using either a closed PIVC device (a single device which consists of an intravenous cannula with a pre-attached extension tube; n = 14) or an open PIVC device (a two-piece device made up of an intravenous cannula and a separate extension tube which is attached following insertion of the cannula; n = 11). Task analyses were developed for the performance of PIVC using each device. Subsequently, simulation-based fluency training was delivered to both groups using their assigned PIVC device, and continued for each participant until the fluency criterion was achieved. Following achievement of fluency, participants were asked to perform PIVC using the untrained device (i.e., the PIVC device that they had not been trained on). RESULTS All participants in both groups met the fluency criterion, and no significant differences were observed in the number of trials or total training required by groups to achieve fluency. Participants in both groups improved significantly from baseline (M = 11.69) to final training trial (M = 100). However, a significant decrement in performance (M = 81.5) was observed when participants were required to perform PIVC using the untrained device. CONCLUSIONS Participants achieved fluency in PIVC regardless of the device used. However, significant decrements in performance were observed when participants were required to perform PIVC using a novel device. This finding supports the need for careful consideration of devices purchased and supplied in the clinical setting, and the need for training prior to the introduction of novel devices or for new staff members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn Reid-McDermott
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maryanne Browne
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara Byrne
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul O’Connor
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily O’Dowd
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chloe Walsh
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe Madden
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad Lydon
- Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Implementing Motivational Interviewing for Substance Misuse on Medical Inpatient Units: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:2520-2529. [PMID: 31468342 PMCID: PMC6848470 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General medical hospitals provide care for a disproportionate share of patients who misuse substances. Hospitalization provides a unique opportunity to identify and motivate patients to address their substance misuse. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of three strategies for implementing motivational interviewing for substance misuse with general medical inpatients. DESIGN Type 3 hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial (Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01825057). PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight providers (physicians, physician assistants, nurses) from 13 general medical inpatient services, and 1173 of their patients admitted to an academically affiliated acute care hospital. INTERVENTIONS Implementation strategies included (1) a continuing medical education workshop on detection of substance misuse and provision of a motivational interview; (2) workshop plus bedside supervision (apprenticeship condition); and (3) a workshop plus ability to place a medical order for an interview from a consultation-liaison service (consult condition). MAIN MEASURES Primary outcomes were the percentage of study-eligible patients who received an interview for substance misuse and the integrity (adherence, competence) of the interviews. The secondary outcome was the percent of patient statements within the interviews that indicated motivation for reducing substance misuse. KEY RESULTS 20.5% of patients in the consult condition received an interview, compared to 0.8% (Hedge's g = 1.49) and 3.0% (Hedge's g = 1.26) in the respective workshop only and apprenticeship conditions (p < 0.001). Motivational interviews in the consult condition were performed with more fundamental motivational interviewing adherence and competence than the other conditions. Most statements made by patients during the interviews favored reducing substance misuse, with no differences between conditions. CONCLUSIONS Providers' ability to place an order to have experts from the consultation-liaison service deliver a motivational interview was a more effective implementation strategy than a workshop or apprenticeship method for ensuring motivational interviewing is available to medical inpatients who misuse substances. TRIAL REGISTRY NCT01825057.
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Tatar İ, Huri E, Selçuk İ, Moon YL, Paoluzzi A, Skolarikos A. Review of the effect of 3D medical printing and virtual reality on urology training with ‘MedTRain3DModsim’ Erasmus + European Union Project. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1257-1270. [PMID: 31648427 PMCID: PMC7018298 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1905-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim It is necessary to incorporate novel training modalities in medical education, especially in surgical fields, because of the limitations of cadaveric training. Traditional medical education has many drawbacks, such as residency working hour restrictions, patient safety conflicts with the learning needs, and the lack of hands-on workshops. The MedTRain3DModsim Project aimed to produce 3-dimensional (3D) medical printed models, simulations, and innovative applications for every level of medical training using novel worldwide technologies. It was aimed herein to improve the interdisciplinary and transnational approaches, and accumulate existing experience for medical education, postgraduate studies, and specialty training. Materials and methods This project focused on models of solid organs and the urinary system, including the kidney, prostate, ureter, and liver. With 3D medical printing, it is possible to produce a body part from inert materials in just a few hours with the standardization of medical 3D modeling. Results The target groups of this project included medical students and residents, graduate students from engineering departments who needed medical education and surgical training, and medical researchers interested in health technology or clinical and surgical an atomy. Conclusion It was also intended to develop a novel imaging platform for education and training by reevaluating the existing data using new software and 3D modalities. Therefore, it was believed that our methodology could be implemented in all related medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlkan Tatar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Huri
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlker Selçuk
- Department of Gynecologic-Oncology, Zekai Tahir Burak Research and Educational Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Young Lee Moon
- Department of Orthopedics, Chosun University, Chosun, South Korea
| | - Alberto Paoluzzi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Rome Tre University, Rome, Italy
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McInerney P, Green-Thompson LP. Theories of learning and teaching methods used in postgraduate education in the health sciences: a scoping review. JBI Evid Synth 2019; 18:1-29. [PMID: 31567525 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-d-18-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review was to determine the theories of learning and methods used in teaching in postgraduate education in the health sciences. The longer-term objective was to use the information gathered to design a workshop for teachers of postgraduate students. INTRODUCTION Whilst undergraduate teaching in the health sciences has received considerable attention in the literature in terms of methods used, innovative ideas and outcomes, the same cannot be said of postgraduate education. A considerable amount of postgraduate teaching takes place in the workplace and often in the form of informal teaching. The increasing complexity of health problems calls for innovative teaching. INCLUSION CRITERIA Papers included in this review were those that considered postgraduate education in the health science disciplines, including but not limited to medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, pharmacy and dentistry, and that described theories of learning and/or teaching methods used in teaching. METHODS Five databases were searched for the period 2001 through 2016. PubMed yielded the most records (3142). No relevant papers were identified through hand searching of the references of the included papers. A data extraction table was developed and used to extract relevant information from included papers. RESULTS Sixty-one papers were included in the review. Most of the included papers were from the USA, with 17 published in 2015. Descriptive study designs were the most frequently identified study design. Most of the papers were from the medical disciplines. Twenty-seven papers did not refer to a teaching and learning theory, a further group referred to a theory but often towards the end of the paper, and seven papers had as their focus the importance of theories in medical education. The theories named were of a wide variety. Likewise, a wide range of teaching methods were identified. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that a range of theories and teaching methods are used in postgraduate health science education, with educators feeling the need to explore more innovative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia McInerney
- The Wits-JBI Centre for Evidence-based Practice: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lionel Patrick Green-Thompson
- The Wits-JBI Centre for Evidence-based Practice: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Develop a standardized simulation method to assess clinical skills of ICU providers. DESIGN Simulation assessment. SETTING Simulation laboratory. SUBJECTS Residents, Critical Care Medicine fellows, acute care nurse practitioner students. INTERVENTIONS Performance scoring in scenarios from multiple Critical Care Medicine competency domains. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Three-hundred eighty-four performances by 48 participants were scored using checklists (% correct) and holistic "global" ratings (1 [unprepared] to 9 [expert]). One-hundred eighty were scored by two raters. Mean checklist and global scores (± SD) ranged from 65.0% (± 16.3%) to 84.5% (± 17.3%) and 4.7 (± 1.4) to 7.2 (± 1.2). Checklist and global scores for Critical Care Medicine fellows and senior acute care nurse practitioner students (Experienced group, n = 26) were significantly higher than those for the Novice acute care nurse practitioner students (Novice group, n = 14) (75.6% ± 15.6% vs 68.8% ± 21.0% and 6.1 ± 1.6 vs 5.4 ± 1.5, respectively; p < 0.05). Residents (Intermediate group, n = 8) scored between the two (75.4% ± 18.3% and 5.7 ± 1.7). 38.5% of the Experienced group scored in the top quartile for mean global score, compared with 12.5% of the Intermediate and 7.1% of the Novice groups. Conversely, 50% of the Novice group scored in the lower quartile (< 5.3), compared with 37.5% of the Intermediate and 11.5% of the Experienced groups. Psychometric analyses yielded discrimination values greater than 0.3 for most scenarios and reliability for the eight-scenario assessments of 0.51 and 0.60, with interrater reliability of 0.71 and 0.75, for checklist and global scoring, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The simulation assessments yielded reasonably reliable measures of Critical Care Medicine decision-making skills. Despite a wide range of performance, those with more ICU training and experience performed better, providing evidence to support the validity of the scores. Simulation-based assessments may ultimately prove useful to determine readiness to assume decision-making roles in the ICU.
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Schwid M, Harris O, Landry A, Eyre A, Henwood P, Kimberly H. Use of a Refresher Course Increases Confidence in Point-of-Care Ultrasound Skills in Emergency Medicine Faculty. Cureus 2019; 11:e5413. [PMID: 31632866 PMCID: PMC6795372 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction All practicing emergency medicine (EM) physicians need to maintain a skillset in emergency ultrasound (US) after their initial training. EM physicians in academic practice may be supervising trainees performing ultrasound applications that they aren't comfortable with. This study investigates the effectiveness of a US refresher course. The hypothesis was that a series of short courses would increase confidence in performing and supervising US applications. Methods Nine basic emergency ultrasound applications were taught over the course of one year by ultrasound fellowship-trained EM faculty in a simulation center at a single academic institution. Each session included 30-minutes of didactics/image review and 30-minutes of hands-on practice on normal volunteers and was followed by an anonymous questionnaire evaluating comfort level performing and supervising the ultrasound application before and after the course using a Likert scale from 1 "not at all confident" to 5 "very confident". Results Thirty-six of 60 EM physicians participated in at least 1 of the 9 sessions (median 3, interquartile range 2-4). Faculty who attended had a median of 10 (interquartile range 7-15) years in practice and 61% work at both academic and community sites. For all sessions combined, confidence in performing US increased from a mean score on the Likert scale of 3.3 to 4.4 (difference 1.1, confidence interval (CI) (0.94, 1.29), p < 0.001) and confidence in supervising trainees increased from a mean of 3.4 to 4.5 (difference 1.1, CI (0.88, 1.23), p < 0.001). The largest increases were seen in musculoskeletal (MSK), nerve, and pelvic applications and the least increase was seen with the session focused on intravenous access, but confidence was increased in all sessions. Physicians in practice ≥10 years increased in confidence in performing and supervising the applications by 1.4 (CI (1.11, 1.60), p < 0.001) and 1.3, (CI (1.01, 1.49), p < 0.001), respectively. Physicians in practice <10 years increased 0.8 (CI (0.57, 1.03), p < 0.001) and 0.8 (CI (0.55, 1.05), p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion An emergency ultrasound refresher course for EM physicians at a single institution improved self-reported confidence in both performing and supervising trainees in all applications reviewed. Those in practice ≥10 years showed the largest increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Schwid
- Emergency Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Owen Harris
- Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Adaira Landry
- Emergency Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew Eyre
- Emergency Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Patricia Henwood
- Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Heidi Kimberly
- Emergency Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Swart R, Duys R, Hauser ND. SASS: South African Simulation Survey – a review of simulation-based education. SOUTHERN AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.36303/sajaa.2019.25.4.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Simulation-based education (SBE) has been shown to be an effective and reproducible learning tool. SBE is used widely internationally. The current state of SBE in South Africa is unknown. To the best of our knowledge this is the first survey that describes the use and attitudes towards SBE within South Africa. Methods: An online survey tool was distributed by email to: i) the South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) members; and ii) known simulation education providers in South Africa. The respondents were grouped into anaesthesia and non-anaesthesia participants. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Ethics approval was obtained: HREC REF 157/2017. Results: The majority of the respondents provide SBE and integrate it into formal teaching programmes. There is a will amongst respondents to grow SBE in South Africa, with it being recognised as a valuable educational tool. The user groups mainly targeted by SBE, were undergraduate students, medical interns, registrars and nurses. Learning objectives targeted include practical skills, medical knowledge, critical thinking and integrated management. Amongst anaesthesia respondents: the tool most commonly used to assess the quality of learner performance during SBE, for summative assessment, was ‘expert opinion’ (33%); the most frequent methods of evaluating SBE quality were participant feedback (42%) and peer evaluation (22%); the impact of SBE was most frequently assessed by informal discussion (42%) and learner feedback (39%). In anaesthesia SBE largely takes place within dedicated simulation facilities on site (47%). Most respondents report access to a range of SBE equipment. The main reported barriers to SBE were: finance, lack of trained educators, lack of equipment and lack of protected time. A limited number of respondents report engaging in SBE research. There is a willingness in both anaesthesia and non-anaesthesia groups (96% and 89% respectively) to collaborate with other centres. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this publication provides us with the first cross-sectional survey of SBE in anaesthesia and a selection of non-anaesthetic respondents within South Africa. The majority of respondents indicate that SBE is a valuable education tool. A number of barriers have been identified that limit the growth of SBE within South Africa. It is hoped that with a commitment to ongoing SBE research and evaluation, SBE can be grown in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - ND Hauser
- Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospital Group
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Yassaee A, Cheetham L, Manning-Cork N, Akhoon C, Gowda A. Surveying, shoring, strengthening: rebuilding medical morale from its foundations . Clin Med (Lond) 2019; 19:282-289. [PMID: 31308104 PMCID: PMC6752236 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.19-4-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Significant uncertainty surrounds the sustainability of healthcare services in which junior doctors work. It is essential that student and foundation doctors (SFDs) are actively engaged if workforce morale is rebuilt. This narrative review explores the evidence driving the individual work-streams of the Royal College of Physicians' newly formed Student and Foundation Doctor Network. Undergraduate and postgraduate training reform has coincided with concerning feedback from newly qualified doctors. System-level efforts to address this include a focus on extra-contractual matters, where small, sustainable changes could address training and work issues.Fewer foundation year-2 doctors are entering specialty training immediately after the foundation programme. Providing dedicated careers guidance and highlighting opportunities within traditional placements and other career paths can support doctors who undertake non-traditional career routes, including those who take time out of programme.Disseminating these resources through an effective peer-to-peer framework and a well-established mentoring scheme could be the most appropriate way to spread good practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cheetham
- Acute Care Common Stem (anaesthetics), Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - Nick Manning-Cork
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Cassim Akhoon
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Arjun Gowda
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Mahadev S, Jin Z, Lebwohl B, Rosenberg RM, Garcia-Carrasquillo RJ, Ramirez I, Freedberg DE. Trainee colonoscopy quality is influenced by the independent and unobserved performance characteristics of supervising physicians. Endosc Int Open 2019; 7:E74-E82. [PMID: 30746431 PMCID: PMC6368225 DOI: 10.1055/a-0770-2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopy training remains an apprenticeship, and the characteristics that facilitate transfer of high quality procedural skills from role models to trainees are unknown. We sought to determine whether unobserved supervisor performance influences the quality of colonoscopy performed by trainees, by studying how supervisors perform alone and how trainees perform while under those same supervisors. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted among ambulatory adults ≥ 50 years old who underwent colonoscopy for cancer screening or polyp surveillance from 2006 to 2015 at one academic medical center. The primary exposures were the colonoscopy withdrawal time (WT) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) of supervisors while performing colonoscopies alone. The primary outcomes were the WT and ADR of trainees performing colonoscopies under supervision. Results Data were included from 22 attending gastroenterologist supervisors, 56 gastroenterology fellow trainees, and 2777 adults undergoing 3094 colonoscopy procedures. Among all supervised colonoscopies, mean trainee WT was 12.7 minutes (SD 4.9) and trainee ADR was 33.5 %. The trainee WT was 0.42 minutes longer (standard error = 0.16, P = 0.01) per minute increase in supervisor WT. Similarly, trainee ADR was higher under a high ADR supervisor, and the odds ratio of high compared to low supervisor ADR category was 1.28 (95 %CI 1.01 - 1.62, P = 0.04) after adjusting for other factors. Conclusions The unobserved performance characteristics of supervising endoscopists may influence the quality of colonoscopy performed by trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srihari Mahadev
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York USA,Corresponding author Srihari Mahadev, MD MS 1283 York Ave9th FloorNew YorkNY 10065USA+1-888-247-2593
| | - Zhezhen Jin
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard M. Rosenberg
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ivonne Ramirez
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel E. Freedberg
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Rashed S, Ahrens PM, Maruthainar N, Garlick N, Saeed MZ. The Role of Arthroscopic Simulation in Teaching Surgical Skills. JBJS Rev 2018; 6:e8. [DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rampel T, Gross B, Zech A, Prückner S. Simulation centres in German hospitals and their organisational aspects: Expert survey on drivers and obstacles. GMS JOURNAL FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 35:Doc40. [PMID: 30186950 PMCID: PMC6120149 DOI: 10.3205/zma001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Simulation trainings offer the opportunity to replicate parts of or entire processes of medical care in a controlled environment. Some hospitals operate simulation centres dedicated to training their staff. Which organisational factors support or impede the implementation of such units in hospitals? Methods: In an exploratory survey experts and decision makers in German hospitals were interviewed. The answers were evaluated qualitatively in order to identify patterns in argumentation. Among the eleven participants were practitioners heading simulation centres (n=4), managers or executives in charge of finances (n=2), medical directors or head physicians with disciplinary responsibility for medical personnel (n=3), and researchers who deal with simulation trainings in medicine (n=2). The interview partners were guaranteed confidentiality in order to allow for them to speak freely about the obstacles and weaknesses in their respective organisations. Results: The interviewees showed a very heterogeneous picture of the simulation trainings in their respective hospitals in terms of content as well as target groups. Asked about purpose and benefit of simulation centres, subgroups of the interviewees gave various arguments. Financing is comprised of subsidies, fees from external participants, and of vocational training budgets. Several obstacles for the implementation were mentioned such as insufficient error culture, deficient interaction of quality and risk management, high equipment costs, or staffing levels that are too low to schedule entire teams for vocational trainings. Conclusions: Patterns in argumentation could be identified that support the implementation and operation of simulation centres in hospitals. Yet strikingly enough there were no coherent arguments i.e. there was no uniform reasoning of aim and purpose of simulation centres. Furthermore, the survey indicated the need to approach quality- and risk management more holistically wherefore simulation centres could offer laboratory environments. All in all, the survey indicates that the assessment of success and economic benefits of simulation centres haven't yet been examined thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rampel
- Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement – INM, München, Germany
- University for Professional Studies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedict Gross
- Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement – INM, München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zech
- Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement – INM, München, Germany
| | - Stephan Prückner
- Klinikum der Universität München, Institut für Notfallmedizin und Medizinmanagement – INM, München, Germany
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Maliha SG, Diaz-Siso JR, Plana NM, Torroni A, Flores RL. Haptic, Physical, and Web-Based Simulators: Are They Underused in Maxillofacial Surgery Training? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:2424.e1-2424.e11. [PMID: 30081008 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.06.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical residencies have increasingly incorporated both digital and mannequin simulation into their training programs. The aim of our review was to identify all digital and mannequin maxillofacial simulators available for education and training, highlight their benefit, and critically assess the evidence in support of these educational resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature review of all peer-reviewed publications of digital and mannequin simulators that met the inclusion criteria, defined as any simulator used in education or training. All simulators used in surgical planning were excluded. Before the query, it was hypothesized that most studies would be descriptive in nature and supported by low levels of evidence. Literature search strategies included the use of multiple combinations of key search terms, review of titles and abstracts, and precise identification of the use of the simulator described. All statistics were descriptive. RESULTS The primary search yielded 259 results, from which 22 total simulators published on from 2001 to 2016 were identified using the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 10 virtual reality haptic-based simulators, 6 physical model simulators, and 6 Web-based simulators used for a variety of procedures such as dental skills, instrument handling, orthognathic surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy, vertical ramus osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy), genioplasty, bone grafting, sinus surgery, cleft lip repair, orbital floor repair, and oral biopsy. Only 9 formalized studies were completed; these were classified as low-level evidence-based cohort studies (Levels IV and V). All other simulator reports were descriptive in nature. There were no studies with high levels of evidence completed (Level I to III). CONCLUSIONS The results of this review suggest that, although seemingly beneficial to the trainee in maxillofacial surgery, simulation in education in this field is an underused commodity because of the significant lack of scientific and validated study designs reported on in the literature thus far. The maxillofacial and simulation communities would benefit from studies on utility and efficacy with higher levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Maliha
- Medical Student and Research Fellow, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - J Rodrigo Diaz-Siso
- Research Fellow, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Natalie M Plana
- Medical Student and Research Fellow, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Associate Professor, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Roberto L Flores
- Joseph G. McCarthy Associate Professor of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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Mashari A, Montealegre-Gallegos M, Jeganathan J, Yeh L, Qua Hiansen J, Meineri M, Mahmood F, Matyal R. Low-cost three-dimensional printed phantom for neuraxial anesthesia training: Development and comparison to a commercial model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191664. [PMID: 29912877 PMCID: PMC6005480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
METHODS Anonymized CT DICOM data was segmented to create a 3D model of the lumbar spine. The 3D model was modified, placed inside a digitally designed housing unit and fabricated on a desktop 3D printer using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The model was filled with an echogenic solution of gelatin with psyllium fiber. Twenty-two staff anesthesiologists performed a spinal and epidural on the 3D printed simulator and a commercially available Simulab phantom. Participants evaluated the tactile and ultrasound imaging fidelity of both phantoms via Likert-scale questionnaire. RESULTS The 3D printed neuraxial phantom cost $13 to print and required 25 hours of non-supervised printing and 2 hours of assembly time. The 3D printed phantom was found to be less realistic to surface palpation than the Simulab phantom due to fragility of the silicone but had significantly better fidelity for loss of resistance, dural puncture and ultrasound imaging than the Simulab phantom. CONCLUSION Low-cost neuraxial phantoms with fidelity comparable to commercial models can be produced using CT data and low-cost infrastructure consisting of FLOS software and desktop 3D printers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azad Mashari
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mario Montealegre-Gallegos
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jelliffe Jeganathan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lu Yeh
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua Qua Hiansen
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Meineri
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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