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Avery EG, Zeppa JJ, Duncan DB, Barker KR, Fattouh R, Matukas LM, Rutherford C, Cabrera A, Sheth PM, Tran V, Goneau L, Katz K, Li XX, Kozak R. Evaluation of the utility and cost of secondary confirmatory testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae identification from culture. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116336. [PMID: 38723452 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Current guideline recommends the use of two identification methods for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) is now used for primary identification and may be sufficient for definitive identification of N. gonorrhoeae. The performance of three secondary tests (BactiCard, RapID NH and NET test) were compared using 45 bacterial isolates, including 37 Neisseria species. These secondary tests demonstrated diminished specificity (67% - 88%) for N. gonorrhoeae compared with MALDI-TOF. Additionally, data from six clinical microbiology laboratories was used to compare confirmatory test costs and the agreement of results with MALDI-TOF. Discrepancies were documented for 9.4% of isolates, though all isolates (n= 288) identified by MALDI-TOF as N. gonorrhoeae were confirmed by the reference laboratory. These data demonstrate that MALDI-TOF alone is sufficient for N. gonorrhoeae identification, as secondary did not add diagnostic value but do add costs to the testing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G Avery
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph J Zeppa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald Brody Duncan
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Barker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramzi Fattouh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larissa M Matukas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Candy Rutherford
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Cabrera
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Microbiology and Immunology Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Prameet M Sheth
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Tran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Goneau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dynacare Laboratory, Brampton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Katz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xena X Li
- Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Kozak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:815.e5-815.e7. [PMID: 27371346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was compared with the API NH biochemical method for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in routine clinical samples. A retrospective review of laboratory records for 1090 isolates for which both biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS identifications were available was performed. Cases of discrepant results were examined in detail for evidence supportive of a particular organism identification. Of 1090 isolates, 1082 were identified as N. gonorrhoeae by API NH. MALDI-TOF MS successfully identified 984 (91%) of these after one analysis, rising to 1081 (99.9%) after two analyses, with a positive predictive value of 99.3%. For those isolates requiring a repeat analysis, failure to generate an identifiable proteomic signature was the reason in 76% of cases, with alternative initial identifications accounting for the remaining 24%. MALDI-TOF MS identified eight isolates as N. gonorrhoeae that were not identified as such by API NH-examination of these discrepant results suggested that the MALDI-TOF MS identification may be the more reliable. MALDI-TOF MS is at least as accurate and reliable a method of identifying N. gonorrhoeae as API NH. We propose that MALDI-TOF MS could potentially be used as a single method for N. gonorrhoeae identification in routine cases by laboratories with access to this technology.
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Johansson E, Fredlund H, Unemo M. Prevalence, phenotypic and genetic characteristics of prolyliminopeptidase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Sweden during 2000-2007. APMIS 2010; 117:900-4. [PMID: 20078555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture diagnostics, species confirmation is commonly performed using commercial biochemical tests relying on prolyliminopeptidase (PIP) activity. It was previously shown that one PIP-negative strain was mainly globally transmitted during 2000-2004. The aims were to investigate the prevalence and phenotypic and genetic characteristics of PIP-negative N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Sweden during 2000-2007. Gonococcal isolates (n = 1230) cultured in Sweden during 2000-2007 were characterized using PIP screening, antibiogram, serovar determination, pip and porB gene sequencing, and N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). Fifteen (1.2%) of the isolates were PIP-negative. Of those, 13 (87%) were indistinguishable to the previously described globally transmitted strain, i.e. displayed serovar IB-4 (Bpyvut), similar antibiograms, ST210 (n = 10)/ST292 (n = 3) and contained an identical single nucleotide pip gene deletion. Wherever high reliance is placed on PIP activity for N. gonorrhoeae species confirmation, changes in the diagnostic strategies may need to be considered and/or monitoring of the PIP activity is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Johansson
- National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Neisseria, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
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