Social factors in homosexually acquired venereal disease. Comparison between Sweden and Australia

Sociological and psychological predictors of STD infection in homosexual men: a study of four countries

I investigated over 600 homosexual men in four countries (Sweden, Finland, Ireland, and Australia) regarding the number of times they had contracted a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and several psychological variables including masculinity and feminity, sex role conservatism, relationships with parents, number of sexual partners, attitudes towards homosexuality, and involvement in the homosexual subculture. Using multiple linear regression in each country, it was found that 19-42% of the variance of number of times infected could be accounted for by psychosocial factors, seven of which were common to all countries. The number of sexual partners was not a significant variable in any country. These data strongly suggest that numbers of infections in homosexual men are best predicted by psychological factors, and this has considerable implications for preventative and treatment programmes for homosexuals.

Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men: A study of four societies

The prevalence of venereal disease among homosexual men was investigated by looking at non-clinic patients from Sweden, Australia, Finland, and the Republic of Ireland. Results showed significant differences between nationalities in the incidence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, other sexually transmitted diseases (STD), number of variables of presentation to STD clinics, and number of infections. Data were interpreted as indicating that social and cultural factors may influence incidence of STD in male homosexuals.

Social implications of sexually transmitted diseases

Changes in attitudes toward sexuality have contributed to the rise in incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. The persistence of social stigma towards STD acts as a barrier to treatment-seeking. The exaggerated threat of genital herpes has led to unnecessary suffering, anxiety and increased social stigma, but is unlikely to alter sexual behavior. A change in attitudes will be necessary if attempts to control the spread of STD are to be successful.