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Tang D, Lv J, Liu Z, Zhan S, Gao Y. Gastric Metastasis of Primary Lung Cancer: Case Report and Systematic Review With Pooled Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922016. [PMID: 35875072 PMCID: PMC9304872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGastric metastasis from lung cancer (GMLC) is a rare occurrence. The clinicopathological characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors remain largely elusive.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review on case reports and case series of GMLC by scanning MEDLINE, Embase, and ISI Web of Knowledge. Data involving the clinicopathological features, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify potential prognostic factors associated with survival. Furthermore, a case of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R+T790M mutation was also described and included.ResultsSeventy-eight records involving 114 cases (including ours) were finally included. The median age on admission was 65 years with a male predominance of 79.8%. Lung adenocarcinoma (42.1%), located in the right upper lobe (30.3%), was the most frequent primary tumor. Bleeding (36.7%) and abdominal pain (35.8%) were the two most common symptoms. Endoscopically, gastric lesions were typically presented as elevated lesions with or without volcano-like ulceration, or ulcerative lesions, mostly involving the gastric corpus. The median overall survival time and survival time after diagnosis of metastatic cancer were 11 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 7–14] and 4.5 months (95% CI: 3–9), respectively. The survival analyses revealed that surgical interventions (including lung surgery and/or abdominal surgery) and systemic therapy (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or targeted therapy) seemed to be positive prognostic factors for both overall survival and survival after diagnosis of metastatic cancer.ConclusionsClinicians should be alerted to the occurrence of gastric metastasis in lung cancer patients. Comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment for specific patients may improve the survival rate of GMLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianjian Lv
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuhui Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqiang Gao,
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Liu J, Xia L, Peng Y, Huang YS, Yang ZZ. Gastric metastasis and transformation of primary lung adenocarcinoma to small cell cancer after acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27289. [PMID: 34596125 PMCID: PMC8483845 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the mechanisms of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, no standard treatment is available after the transformation. In addition, gastric metastasis of primary lung cancer is rarely observed; thus, little is known about its metastatic characteristics. PATIENT CONCERNS A 58-year-old male patient was treated with gefitinib (0.25 g /day) as the 1st line treatment due of recurrence after surgical resection for EGFR exon 19 mutation pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, he experienced recurrence with positive T790 M, and osimertinib (80 mg/day) was administered as the 2nd line therapy. DIAGNOSIS One year and 6 months after osimertinib initiation, he complained of stomachache, and a diagnostic gastroscopy biopsy confirmed small cell lung cancer in the gastric body, indicating osimertinib-induced phenotypic transformation. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient was treated with etoposide and platinum chemotherapy and maintenance therapy with osimertinib. Finally, the patient achieved a partial response after 4 cycles. LESSONS Timely second biopsies should be considered in the diagnosis of phenotypic transformation. After transformation, chemotherapeutic treatment with etoposide and platinum and maintenance therapy with osimertinib inhibited the progression of the disease.
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Kim MJ, Hong JH, Park ES, Byun JH. Gastric metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma mimicking primary gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:12-16. [PMID: 25780510 PMCID: PMC4357873 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric metastases from lung adenocarcinoma are rare. Because gastric metastasis grossly resembles advanced gastric cancer, it is difficult to diagnose gastric metastasis especially when the histology of the primary lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. We describe a case of gastric metastasis from primary lung adenocarcinoma mimicking Borrmann type IV primary gastric cancer. A 68-year-old man with known lung adenocarcinoma with multiple bone metastases had been experiencing progressive epigastric pain and dyspepsia over one year. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed linitis plastica-like lesions in the fundus of the stomach. Pathologic examination revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with submucosal infiltration. Positive immunohistochemical staining for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and napsin A (Nap-A) confirmed that the metastasis was pulmonary in origin. The patient had been treated with palliative chemotherapy for the lung cancer and had lived for over fifteen months after the diagnosis of gastric metastasis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of gastric metastasis in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma, and additional immunohistochemical staining for Nap-A as well as TTF-1 may help in differentiating its origin.
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Huang Q, Su X, Bella AE, Luo K, Jin J, Zhang S, Luo G, Rong T, Fu J. Clinicopathological features and outcome of gastric metastases from primary lung cancer: A case report and systematic review. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:1373-1379. [PMID: 25663915 PMCID: PMC4315035 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary lung cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer, but gastric metastasis from lung cancer is extremely rare. Little is known about its clinicopathological features, prognosis and optimal treatment strategy. The present study reports a case of primary lung cancer that metastasized to the stomach and to the best of our knowledge, is the first to identify discordance in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status between the primary tumor and gastric metastasis. The study also systematically searched the Medline database for similar cases to provide a literature review. Data concerning the clinicopathological features, treatment strategies and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. In total, 22 eligible cases were identified from 16 studies. The average age at presentation was 67.3 years and there was a male predominance of 90.9%. Epigastric pain (45.5%) was the most common chief complaint, followed by melena (22.7%), nausea/vomiting (13.6%) and hematemesis (9.1%). Three patients were asymptomatic. Five patients sought the initial consultation for gastrointestinal symptoms. The median time between the primary lung cancer diagnosis and the confirmation of gastric metastasis was five months. Endoscopically, gastric lesions were described as polypoid masses or volcano-like ulcers, mostly involving the gastric corpus, which were identified in 62.5% of the 16 cases in which information regarding the site of metastasis was available. Gastric metastases were reported from adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer and pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung. The median survival following comprehensive treatment strategies was four months, and the one-year post-metastasis survival rate was 35.3%. In conclusion, although primary lung cancer metastasis to the stomach is rare, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of its occurrence. Comprehensive and personalized treatment may be beneficial to patients. EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy may be the treatment of choice for non-small cell lung carcinoma patients harboring an activating EGFR mutation in the metastatic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Su
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Amos Ela Bella
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Kongjia Luo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jietian Jin
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shuishen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Luo
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tiehua Rong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China ; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Koh SA, Lee KH. [Adenocarcinoma of lung cancer with solitary metastasis to the stomach]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 64:154-7. [PMID: 25252864 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2014.64.3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although hematogenous metastasis of cancer to the gastrointestinal track is rare, it sometime has been reported in patients with malignant melanoma and breast cancer. However, it is extremely rare for lung cancer to metastasize to the stomach, not to mention solitary gastric metastasis. Herein, the authors report a case of a 69-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with lung cancer with synchronous primary gastric cancer which proved to be lung cancer with solitary gastric metastasis after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ae Koh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Kim YI, Kang BC, Sung SH. Surgically resected gastric metastasis of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 5:278-281. [PMID: 24179627 PMCID: PMC3812443 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v5.i10.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric metastasis of pulmonary carcinoma has been reported to range from 0.19%-5.1%. An autopsy review of cancer disclosed 1.7%-29.6% of gastric metastases, primarily from breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. A 71-year-old man was referred to our department because of persistent cough, sputum and sweating for 20 d. Chest posteroanterior view and chest computed tomography scan demonstrated an irregular tumor mass measuring 5.8 cm with central necrosis at the right lower lung. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed pulmonary squamous carcinoma. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a huge bleeding ulcer at the body of the stomach and a biopsy diagnosed a metastatic lesion. We performed a palliative total gastrectomy, splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy. The patient did not receive any adjuvant chemotherapy due to his refusal. He was controlled conservatively and survived for 11 mo after surgery. Surgical resection may provide an option for safe palliative treatment. Although gastric metastasis from lung cancer is associated with dismal outcomes, a longer survival or more favorable outcome has been demonstrated in patients undergoing palliative surgical resection of the metastatic site. Considerable improvements in the understanding of metastatic diseases and therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the clinical outcome.
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Sileri P, D Ugo S, Blanco GDV, Lolli E, Franceschilli L, Formica V, Anemona L, De Luca C, Gaspari AL. Solitary metachronous gastric metastasis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma: Report of a case. Int J Surg Case Rep 2012; 3:385-8. [PMID: 22634567 PMCID: PMC3376723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric metastases from lung adenocarcinoma are rare and usually associated with disseminated disease. The great majority is asymptomatic and in few cases discovered during autopsy studies. Reports of single metachronous metastases during the lifetime are anecdotal. We describe a case of solitary gastric metastasis 5 years after lung surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 68-year-old male submitted in 2006 to right lobectomy for lung adenocarcinoma was referred at Emergency Room department in 01/2011 because of chronic epigastric pain. Radiologic and endoscopic evaluation showed a bulky lesion inside the stomach, originating from the muscular layer, suspected for GIST. He underwent a subtotal gastrectomy and the pathologic examination revealed an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, positive for Thyroid Transcriptional Factor-1, Cytokeratin 7, AE 1/3 and CEA, confirming the pulmonary origin. DISCUSSION At the time of diagnosis about 50% of lung cancer are metastatic, with survival rates of 1% at 5-year. Gastric metastasis is very rare; autopsy studies report an incidence of 0.2-0.5%. They develop in the submucosa, usually without any symptom and the diagnosis is incidental during the staging of primary cancer or the follow-up. There are no guidelines about surgical treatment; however few cases of long-term survival following the operation were reported. Pathologic diagnosis is difficult, but the immunohistochemical staining helps to recognize the primary origin. CONCLUSION Solitary metachronous gastric metastasis from pulmonary adenocarcinoma is an exceptional event, but it could happen during the follow-up. It seems that a radical resection, in absence of systemic implants, might provide survival benefits in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Sileri
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano D Ugo
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Lolli
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Franceschilli
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Formica
- Department of Oncology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela De Luca
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Achille L. Gaspari
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
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