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Shadel WG, Martino SC, Setodji CM, Dunbar M, Jenson D, Wong JC, Falgoust G. Doing more with less: A proposal to advance cigarette packaging regulations in the United States. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 124:104308. [PMID: 38184903 PMCID: PMC10939880 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette packages are potent marketing tools. Following guidance from the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, many countries have sought to diminish this marketing power by mandating that (1) large graphic health warnings be affixed to the packages (i.e., text warnings combined with graphic images of the health consequences of smoking) and (2) all packages be fully "plain" in their design (i.e., all packages use the same drab/bland color and font type; no brand logos, other colors, or designs are permitted). Yet, the United States lags other countries in implementing regulations designed to blunt the marketing power of cigarette packages. This is not because of a lack of effort on the part of the Food and Drug Administration, the main governmental body charged with regulating tobacco products in the United States. Rather, it is because the regulatory options that that have been advanced in the country (e.g., graphic health warnings) have not been found - yet - to be legally feasible by its courts. This commentary works through some of the conceptual, practical, and legal issues regarding packaging regulations in the United States. It considers the political and bureaucratic risks involved with issuing new regulations. The overall intent is to prompt our field to think creatively about what is realistic in this regulatory space and to offer a novel perspective that may help move the United States tobacco control community forward in its efforts to reduce the promotional power of cigarette packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Shadel
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Steven C Martino
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Claude M Setodji
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Michael Dunbar
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Desmond Jenson
- Public Health Law Center, Mitchell Hamline School of Law, Saint Paul, MN 55105, United States
| | - Jody Cs Wong
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Grace Falgoust
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Avenue., Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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Crocetti AC, Cubillo (Larrakia) B, Lock (Ngiyampaa) M, Walker (Yorta Yorta) T, Hill (Torres Strait Islander) K, Mitchell (Mununjali) F, Paradies (Wakaya) Y, Backholer K, Browne J. The commercial determinants of Indigenous health and well-being: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-010366. [PMID: 36319033 PMCID: PMC9628540 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health inequity within Indigenous populations is widespread and underpinned by colonialism, dispossession and oppression. Social and cultural determinants of Indigenous health and well-being are well described. Despite emerging literature on the commercial determinants of health, the health and well-being impacts of commercial activities for Indigenous populations is not well understood. We aimed to identify, map and synthesise the available evidence on the commercial determinants of Indigenous health and well-being. METHODS Five academic databases (MEDLINE Complete, Global Health APAPsycInfo, Environment Complete and Business Source Complete) and grey literature (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Google Scholar, Google) were systematically searched for articles describing commercial industry activities that may influence health and well-being for Indigenous peoples in high-income countries. Data were extracted by Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers and narratively synthesised. RESULTS 56 articles from the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden were included, 11 of which were editorials/commentaries. The activities of the extractive (mining), tobacco, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, alcohol and gambling industries were reported to impact Indigenous populations. Forty-six articles reported health-harming commercial practices, including exploitation of Indigenous land, marketing, lobbying and corporate social responsibility activities. Eight articles reported positive commercial industry activities that may reinforce cultural expression, cultural continuity and Indigenous self-determination. Few articles reported Indigenous involvement across the study design and implementation. CONCLUSION Commercial industry activities contribute to health and well-being outcomes of Indigenous populations. Actions to reduce the harmful impacts of commercial activities on Indigenous health and well-being and future empirical research on the commercial determinants of Indigenous health, should be Indigenous led or designed in collaboration with Indigenous peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Connor Crocetti
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beau Cubillo (Larrakia)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Lock (Ngiyampaa)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Troy Walker (Yorta Yorta)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Hill (Torres Strait Islander)
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yin Paradies (Wakaya)
- Deakin University Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Browne
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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