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Gedon J, Kessler M, Schmidt JM. Frontal sinus carcinoma in forty-one dogs (2001-2022). Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:231-239. [PMID: 36745079 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reports on canine frontal sinus carcinomas (FSCs) are scarce. This retrospective review of 41 dogs with FSC (2001-2022) describes demographic and clinical characteristics of canine FSC and reports the clinical experience and overall survival following treatment with toceranib phosphate (TOC) and meloxicam in 10 cases. Median age at diagnosis was 10.6 years (range: 6.5-15.4 years). There was a male-to-female-ratio of 2.4:1. The most common breeds were Jack Russell Terriers (JRT) (n = 7; 17.1%) and Rottweilers (n = 3, 7.3%). Mesocephalic breeds (70.6%) were most commonly affected, brachycephalics accounted for 8.8%. The most frequent clinical signs included skull deformation dorsomedial to the eye (87.5%), pain/head-shyness (40.0%), ocular (22.5%)/nasal (17.5%) discharge, and exophthalmos (17.5%). Duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis varied from a few days to 9 months. There were no neurological signs at initial presentation despite imaging evidence of osteolysis of the lamina interna of the frontal bone in most dogs (69.4%). In 11.5%, pulmonary changes suggestive of metastasis or concurrent primary pulmonary neoplasia were present. Tumour types included squamous cell carcinoma (58.5%), unspecified carcinoma (29.3%), and adenocarcinoma (9.8%). Ten dogs were treated with TOC (median 2.8 mg/kg EOD or three times per week) and meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg, EOD) (TOC-M), resulting in subjective regression of skull deformity in 8/10 (80.0%) patients. Overall median survival time with TOC-M was 183.5 days (range: 120-434 days). FSCs typically present with skull deformation, but no overt neurological signs. Male dogs and JRT may be overrepresented. The use of TOC-M in FSC appears promising and warrants further prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gedon
- Division of Oncology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Germany
| | - Martin Kessler
- Division of Oncology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Germany
| | - Jarno M Schmidt
- Division of Oncology, Small Animal Clinic Hofheim, Hofheim, Germany
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Barrs VR, Talbot JJ. Fungal Rhinosinusitis and Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis in Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 50:331-357. [PMID: 31866094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fungal rhinosinusitis, including sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) and sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA), is the most common type of aspergillosis encountered in cats. Other focal forms of aspergillosis including disseminated invasive aspergillosis occur less frequently. SOA is an invasive mycosis that is increasingly recognized and is most commonly caused by Aspergillus felis, a close relative of Aspergillus fumigatus. SNA can be invasive or noninvasive and is most commonly caused by A fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Molecular methods are required to correctly identify the fungi that cause SNA and SOA. SNA has a favorable prognosis with treatment, whereas the prognosis for SOA remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Barrs
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Infectious Diseases & Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jessica J Talbot
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney, University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Bae JH, Kim HS, Won SY, Kim DH, Jung UW, Kim HJ, Hu KS. Schematic of mean thickness distribution on the lateral aspect of the canine frontal sinus as an experimental model of sinus surgery. Anat Cell Biol 2019; 51:236-242. [PMID: 30637157 PMCID: PMC6318461 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2018.51.4.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dog frontal sinus may represent an alternative model dental implant research; its topographical resemblance to the maxillary sinus renders it a potentially favorable experimental environment. The aim of this study was thus to elucidate the anatomical configuration of the canine frontal sinus and histological characteristics, and to determine whether it could be a new canine experimental model for dental implant research. Twenty-four sides of canine frontal bones were harvested. The distance from the nasion to the emerging point of the lateral aspect of the canine frontal sinus was measured with the aid of Lucion software. The thicknesses of the canine frontal sinus wall were measured, and the two specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The mean distance from the nasion to the emerging point of the lateral aspect of the canine frontal sinus was 16.0 mm. The mean thicknesses of the canine frontal bone at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane were 2.3, 2.7, 3.2, 3.8, and 3.7 mm, respectively. The canine frontal sinus was lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. These data suggest that the canine frontal sinus is a suitable alternative to the canine maxillary sinus as a model for studying various sinus augmentation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Bae
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Han-Seok Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Won
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Hu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Vangrinsven E, Girod M, Goossens D, Desquilbet L, Clercx C, Billen F. Comparison of two minimally invasive enilconazole perendoscopic infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:777-782. [PMID: 30362215 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare two minimally invasive enilconazole infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis and evaluate the importance of complete endoscopic debridement in determining first treatment success rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for 48 dogs with confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis treated with endoscopic debridement followed by per-endoscopic enilconazole infusion were collected. Twenty-four dogs were treated according to the previously published 1-hour infusion protocol and 24 dogs underwent a simplified 15-minute infusion protocol. Completeness of debridement, evaluated as partial or complete at the end of the procedure and outcome after one or several treatments were assessed in all dogs. Multi-variable analysis was performed to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The median duration of the simplified protocol - 92∙3 minutes (range 40 to 140) - was substantially shorter than the duration of the previous protocol - 201∙3 minutes (range 120 to 265). First treatment success rates were 58 and 62∙5% for the previous and simplified protocol, respectively. Overall treatment success rate was similar in both groups (96%). Complete debridement was associated with an improved first treatment success rate compared to partial debridement. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The simplified protocol is a valid alternative approach to the treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis. Completeness of endoscopic debridement before infusion is an important step for the success of treatment in canine sinonasal aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vangrinsven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Girod
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - D Goossens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Desquilbet
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, National Veterinary School of Alfort, University of Paris-Est, 94704 Paris, France
| | - C Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Billen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupré G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome. Vet Surg 2016; 45:83-90. [PMID: 26731598 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the nasopharyngeal airway dimensions of two brachycephalic breeds and to localize the area of smallest airway dimensions. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, descriptive, computed tomographic imaging study. ANIMALS Thirty pugs and 30 French bulldogs with brachycephalic upper airway syndrome. METHODS The thickness and length of the soft palate, cross-sectional area of the airway passage dorsal to the soft and hard palates, and cross-sectional area of the frontal sinus were measured and normalized to each dog's skull index and body weight before statistical comparison between breeds. Nasopharyngeal turbinates and surrounding airway space, and a possible relationship between the canine tooth angulation and the severity of airway obstruction were assessed. RESULTS Pugs had significantly smaller cross-sectional areas of the airway dorsal to the soft and hard palates than French bulldogs. In both breeds, the smallest nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas were located dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate. The soft palate of pugs was significantly shorter than that of French bulldogs and also significantly thinner when normalized to each dog's skull index. Pugs more commonly exhibited nasopharyngeal turbinates. Pugs had significantly smaller air-filled cavities at the location of the frontal sinus. No correlation between the nasopharyngeal dimensions and canine tooth angulation was observed. CONCLUSION Computed tomographic assessment of the upper airway morphology showed the smallest nasopharyngeal cross-sectional areas were located dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate in both breeds. Pugs had a smaller nasopharyngeal cross-sectional area despite smaller soft palate dimensions than French bulldogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Heidenreich
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gradner
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilles Dupré
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Ophthalmology, Dentistry, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Talbot JJ, Kidd SE, Martin P, Beatty JA, Barrs VR. Azole resistance in canine and feline isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 42:37-41. [PMID: 26387063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Azole resistance is an emerging cause of treatment failure in humans with aspergillosis. The aim of this study was to determine if azole resistance is emerging in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from canine and feline sino-nasal aspergillosis cases. Susceptibilities of isolates collected between 1988 and 2014 from 46 dogs and 4 cats to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole were assessed using Sensititre YeastOne microdilution trays; and to enilconazole and clotrimazole, following the CLSI M38-A2 standard. For the majority of isolates MICs were high for ketoconazole, low for enilconazole and clotrimazole, and less than established epidemiological cut-off values for itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole. One canine isolate from 1992 had multiazole resistance and on Cyp51A gene sequencing a mutation associated with azole resistance (F46Y) was detected. There is no evidence of emerging azole resistance among A. fumigatus isolates from dogs and cats and topical azole therapy should be effective against most isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Talbot
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia
| | - Patricia Martin
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
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Talbot JJ, Johnson LR, Martin P, Beatty JA, Sutton DA, Billen F, Halliday CL, Gibson JS, Kidd S, Steiner JM, Ujvari B, Barrs VR. What causes canine sino-nasal aspergillosis? A molecular approach to species identification. Vet J 2014; 200:17-21. [PMID: 24559745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of phenotypic identification methods, Aspergillus fumigatus is reported as the most commonly identified aetiological agent of canine sino-nasal aspergillosis (SNA). However, definitive identification of Aspergillus spp. using phenotypic features alone is unreliable. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular identities of fungal species causing SNA in dogs. Genomic DNA was extracted from 91 fungal isolates from 90 dogs diagnosed with SNA in Australia, the USA and Belgium, and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA and partial β-tubulin regions were sequenced. Eighty-eight of 91 (96.7%) isolates were identified as A. fumigatus and 3/91 (3.3%) belonged to Aspergillus section Nigri spp. (Aspergillus tubingensis: 2/91; Aspergillus uvarum: 1/91). These findings confirm that A. fumigatus is the most common aetiological agent of canine SNA. This is the first report to document a pathogenic role for A. tubingensis and A. uvarum in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Talbot
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Martin
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deanna A Sutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Frédéric Billen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catriona L Halliday
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justine S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Kidd
- Mycology Unit, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Valentine Charlton Cat Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Burrow R, Baker M, White L, McConnell JF. Trephination of the frontal sinuses and instillation of clotrimazole cream: a computed tomographic study in canine cadavers. Vet Surg 2013; 42:322-8. [PMID: 23432392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use computed tomography (CT) to assess the distribution of surgically administered clotrimazole cream and associated filling of the frontal sinuses and caudal aspect of the nasal cavities in canine cadavers. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. ANIMALS Small (n = 1) and medium-large (n = 11) breed canine cadavers. METHODS CT scans of 12 cadaveric canine heads were used to confirm absence of sinonasal disease. Then after creating an opening into the left and right frontal sinuses with a 3.2 mm Steinmann pin at standardized landmarks, clotrimazole cream (20 g) was instilled into each side. Postoperative CT scans of the heads was used to assess the distribution and degree of filling of the sinonasal cavities with clotrimazole cream, and to identify any damage to local structures. RESULTS Filling was excellent in 22 sinuses, very poor in 2, and excellent in all caudal nasal cavities. Two cadavers had damage: unilateral penetration of the cranium (2) and unilateral penetration of the lateral sinus wall (1). CONCLUSION Excellent filling of most of the frontal sinuses and caudal nasal cavity of cadavers with clotrimazole cream is achieved when administered by this technique. Damage to local structures may occur intraoperatively using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Burrow
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK.
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Abstract
Sinonasal aspergillosis is an uncommon, yet debilitating and often frustrating condition to treat in dogs despite years of research evaluating pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. The disease is most commonly caused by non-invasive fungal infection, thought to be secondary to altered innate and/or adaptive immune responses. Attempts to confirm this have however failed. A variety of conflicting opinions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis exist. Often the use of a particular treatment protocol is based upon personal or regional preference. Evaluation of the veterinary literature demonstrates that the evidence base in support of individual treatment recommendations is weak. A number of recent publications have helped to expand the current knowledge base and therefore our understanding of important practicalities for both diagnostic options and treatment protocols. The following review examines the current evidence for the pathogenesis of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs, as well as the various diagnostic options. The available evidence for frequently utilised -therapeutic options and their likely outcomes is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sharman
- Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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