1
|
Barton P, Robinson N, Middleton S, O’Brien A, Clarke J, Dominguez M, Gillgan S, Selmes J, Rhodes S. Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer. Vet Sci 2023; 10:489. [PMID: 37624276 PMCID: PMC10458400 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the need in Great Britain for supplementary blood tests for deer and pig herds under movement restrictions due to confirmed Mycobacterium bovis infection-to enhance the overall sensitivity and reliability of tuberculosis (TB) testing and contribute to an exit strategy for these herds. We evaluated four antibody tests (lateral flow DPP VetTB Assay for Cervids, M. bovis IDEXX ELISA, Enferplex Cervid and Porcine antibody tests and an in-house comparative PPD ELISA) using serum samples from defined cohorts of TB-infected and TB-free deer and pigs. TB-infected deer included two separate cohorts; farmed deer that had received a tuberculin skin test less than 30 days prior, and park deer that had received no prior skin test. In this way, we were able to assess the effect of the skin test anamnestic boost upon antibody test sensitivity. We tested a total of 402 TB-free pigs and 416 TB-free deer, 77 infected farmed deer and 105 infected park deer, and 29 infected pigs (including 2 wild boar). For deer, we found an equivalent high performance of all four tests: specificity range 98.8-99.5% and sensitivity range 76.6-85.7% for skin test-boosted infected deer, and 51.4-58.1% for non-boosted infected deer. These data suggest an overall approximate 25% increase in test sensitivity for infected deer following a skin test boost. For pigs, the tests again had equivalent high specificity of 99-99.5% and a sensitivity range of 62.1-86.2%, with substantial agreement for three of the four tests. Retrospective application of the ELISA tests to individual culled park deer and wild boar that showed no obvious evidence of TB at larder inspection identified a significant seropositivity within wild boar suggestive of low-level M. bovis infection that would otherwise not have been detected. Overall this investigation provided a robust evaluation of four antibody tests, which is essential to generate confidence in test performance before a wider deployment within TB control measures can be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penny Barton
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Nick Robinson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Sonya Middleton
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Amanda O’Brien
- Enfer Scientific, W91 FD74 Naas, County Kildare, Ireland; (A.O.); (J.C.)
| | - John Clarke
- Enfer Scientific, W91 FD74 Naas, County Kildare, Ireland; (A.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Maria Dominguez
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Steve Gillgan
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - John Selmes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Shelley Rhodes
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK; (P.B.); (N.R.); (S.M.); (M.D.); (S.G.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nunney E, Crotta M, van Winden S, Bond K, Green M, Guitian J. Effect of tuberculin skin testing on serological results against Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP): Evidence of distinct effects in MAP-infected and noninfected cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8354-8363. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Sridhara AA, Johnathan-Lee A, Elahi R, Sikar-Gang A, Lambotte P, Esfandiari J, de Juan L, Gortazar C, Marpe BN, Thacker TC, Palmer MV, Waters WR, Lyashchenko KP. Potential for improved detection of bovine tuberculosis by targeting combined blood biomarkers in multi-test algorithms. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 248:110419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Review of Methods Used for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Captive and Free-Ranging Non-Bovid Species (2012-2020). Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050584. [PMID: 34064571 PMCID: PMC8151627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB) in diverse hosts, including captive and free-ranging wildlife species. There is significant research interest in developing immunodiagnostic tests for TB that are both rapid and reliable, to underpin disease surveillance and control. The aim of this study was to carry out an updated review of diagnostics for TB in non-bovid species with a focus predominantly on those based on measurement of immunity. A search was carried out to identify relevant papers meeting a pre-defined set of inclusion criteria. Forty-one papers were identified from this search, from which only twenty papers contained data to measure and compare diagnostic performance using diagnostic odds ratio. The diagnostic tests from each study were ranked based on sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio to define high performing tests. High sensitivity and specificity values across a range of species were reported for a new antigenic target, P22 complex, demonstrating it to be a reliable and accurate antigenic target. Since the last review of this kind was undertaken, the immunodiagnosis of TB in meerkats and African wild dogs was reported for the first time. Suid species showed the most consistent immunological responses and highlight a potential dichotomy between humoral and cellular immune responses.
Collapse
|
5
|
McCallan L, Brooks C, Barry C, Couzens C, Young FJ, McNair J, Byrne AW. Serological test performance for bovine tuberculosis in cattle from herds with evidence of on-going infection in Northern Ireland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245655. [PMID: 33848298 PMCID: PMC8043403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately identify infected hosts is the cornerstone of effective disease control and eradication programs. In the case of bovine tuberculosis, accurately identifying infected individual animals has been challenging as all available tests exhibit limited discriminatory ability. Here we assess the utility of two serological tests (IDEXX Mycobacterium bovis Ab test and Enfer multiplex antibody assay) and assess their performance relative to skin test (Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin; SICCT), gamma-interferon (IFNγ) and post-mortem results in a Northern Ireland setting. Furthermore, we describe a case-study where one test was used in conjunction with statutory testing. Serological tests using samples taken prior to SICCT disclosed low proportions of animals as test positive (mean 3% positive), despite the cohort having high proportions with positive SICCT test under standard interpretation (121/921; 13%) or IFNγ (365/922; 40%) results. Furthermore, for animals with a post-mortem record (n = 286), there was a high proportion with TB visible lesions (27%) or with laboratory confirmed infection (25%). As a result, apparent sensitivities within this cohort was very low (≤15%), however the tests succeeded in achieving very high specificities (96–100%). During the case-study, 7/670 (1.04%) samples from SICCT negative animals from a large chronically infected herd were serology positive, with a further 17 animals being borderline positive (17/670; 2.54%). Nine of the borderline animals were voluntarily removed, none of which were found to be infected post-mortem (no lesions/bacteriology negative). One serology test negative animal was subsequently found to have lesions at slaughter with M. bovis confirmed in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne McCallan
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Cathy Brooks
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Claire Barry
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Catherine Couzens
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Fiona J. Young
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jim McNair
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crispell J, Cassidy S, Kenny K, McGrath G, Warde S, Cameron H, Rossi G, MacWhite T, White PCL, Lycett S, Kao RR, Moriarty J, Gordon SV. Mycobacterium bovis genomics reveals transmission of infection between cattle and deer in Ireland. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000388. [PMID: 32553050 PMCID: PMC7641417 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in the Republic of Ireland costs €84 million each year. Badgers are recognized as being a wildlife source for M. bovis infection of cattle. Deer are thought to act as spillover hosts for infection; however, population density is recognized as an important driver in shifting their epidemiological role, and deer populations across the country have been increasing in density and range. County Wicklow represents one specific area in the Republic of Ireland with a high density of deer that has had consistently high bTB prevalence for over a decade, despite control operations in both cattle and badgers. Our research used whole-genome sequencing of M. bovis sourced from infected cattle, deer and badgers in County Wicklow to evaluate whether the epidemiological role of deer could have shifted from spillover host to source. Our analyses reveal that cattle and deer share highly similar M. bovis strains, suggesting that transmission between these species is occurring in the area. In addition, the high level of diversity observed in the sampled deer population suggests deer may be acting as a source of infection for local cattle populations. These findings have important implications for the control and ultimate eradication of bTB in Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Crispell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Data Science Campus, Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
| | - Sophie Cassidy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kenny
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Guy McGrath
- UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (CVERA), School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Warde
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Henrietta Cameron
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Gianluigi Rossi
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Teresa MacWhite
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Piran C. L. White
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5NG, UK
| | | | - Rowland R. Kao
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Moriarty
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen V. Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lyashchenko KP, Vordermeier HM, Waters WR. Memory B cells and tuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 221:110016. [PMID: 32050091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a central feature of adaptive immunity. Memory B cells are generated upon stimulation with antigen presented by follicular dendritic cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. This process typically involves class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation and it can be dependent or independent on germinal centers or T cell help. The mature B cell memory pool is generally characterized by remarkable heterogeneity of functionally and phenotypically distinct sub-populations supporting multi-layer immune plasticity. Memory B cells found in human patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis include IgD+ CD27+ and IgM+ CD27+ subsets. In addition, expansion of atypical memory B cells characterized by the lack of CD27 expression and by inability to respond to antigen-induced re-activation is documented in human tuberculosis. These functionally impaired memory B cells are believed to have adverse effects on host immunity. Human and animal studies demonstrate recruitment of antigen-activated B cells to the infection sites and their presence in lung granulomas where proliferating B cells are organized into discrete clusters resembling germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. Cattle studies show development of IgM+, IgG+, and IgA+ memory B cells in M. bovis infection with the ability to rapidly differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells upon antigen re-exposure. This review discusses recent advances in research on generation, re-activation, heterogeneity, and immunobiological functions of memory B cells in tuberculosis. The role of memory B cells in post-skin test recall antibody responses in bovine tuberculosis and implications for development of improved immunodiagnostics are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Tuberculosis Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom; Institute for Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - W Ray Waters
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Animal tuberculosis in a free-ranging fallow deer in northwest Italy: a case of “lucky strain survival” or multi-host epidemiological system complexity? EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-019-1316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Thomas J, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Moreno I, Romero B, Garrido JM, Juste R, Domínguez M, Domínguez L, Gortazar C, Risalde MA. A new test to detect antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in red deer serum. Vet J 2018; 244:98-103. [PMID: 30825903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) farming is a growing economic activity worldwide. However, the capacity of this species to act as reservoir of animal tuberculosis (TB) poses a threat to other wildlife and to livestock. Diagnostic assay accuracy in this species is therefore highly relevant for prevention and control measures. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the protein complex P22, obtained from Mycobacterium bovis derived purified protein derivative (bPPD), as a candidate antigen for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). We assessed the performance of this new antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in TB-positive and TB-negative red deer, in comparison with a bPPD-based ELISA. The P22 ELISA achieved a higher specificity (Sp) and similar sensitivity (Se) in comparison with the bPPD ELISA at all the cut-off points considered. The P22 ELISA yielded optimal Sp (99.02%; 95% confidence intervals [CI95%]: 96.5-99.8) and appropriate Se (70.1%; CI95%: 63.6-76) at the selected cut-off point of 100%. These results suggest that P22 can be used as an alternative antigen in the immunodiagnosis of animal TB through the use of an ELISA-type detection of antibodies against MTC in red deer, thus contributing to the diagnosis of animal TB in this species as a measure for further disease prevention and control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain; Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - J A Infantes-Lorenzo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Moreno
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Garrido
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Animal Health Department, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - R Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Domínguez
- Unidad de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Gortazar
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - M A Risalde
- Dpto. de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), Córdoba, Spain; Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lyashchenko KP, Gortázar C, Miller MA, Waters WR. Spectrum of antibody profiles in tuberculous elephants, cervids, and cattle. Vet Microbiol 2017; 214:89-92. [PMID: 29408038 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using multi-antigen print immunoassay and DPP® VetTB Assay approved in the United States for testing captive cervids and elephants, we analyzed antibody recognition of MPB83 and CFP10/ESAT-6 antigens in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), fallow deer (Dama dama), elk (Cervus elaphus), and cattle (Bos taurus) infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Serum IgG reactivity to MPB83 was found in the vast majority of tuberculous cattle and cervid species among which white-tailed deer and elk also showed significant CFP10/ESAT-6 recognition rates with added serodiagnostic value. In contrast, the infected elephants developed antibody responses mainly to CFP10/ESAT-6 with MPB83 reactivity being relatively low. The findings demonstrate distinct patterns of predominant antigen recognition by different animal hosts in tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Michele A Miller
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - W Ray Waters
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roy A, Risalde MA, Casal C, Romero B, de Juan L, Menshawy AM, Díez-Guerrier A, Juste RA, Garrido JM, Sevilla IA, Gortázar C, Domínguez L, Bezos J. Oral Vaccination with Heat-Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Does Not Interfere with the Antemortem Diagnostic Techniques for Tuberculosis in Goats. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:124. [PMID: 28824927 PMCID: PMC5545688 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) is prohibited in cattle or other species subjected to specific TB eradication campaigns, due to the interference that it may cause with the official diagnostic tests. However, immunization with a heat-inactivated (HI) Mycobacterium bovis vaccine via the oral route has been suggested to overcome this issue. In this study, the main goal was to assess the interference of the HI vaccine by different routes of administration using a previous vaccination and re-vaccination (boosting) protocol. TB-free kid goats were divided into three groups: oral (n = 16), intramuscular (IM; n = 16), and control (n = 16). Results showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage of animals positive to the single intradermal test (SIT) and blood based interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) caused by vaccination when performed in the IM group compared to the oral group (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, no positivity to the SIT or IGRA test was observed in orally vaccinated goats regardless of the different interpretation criteria applied. None of the groups presented positive antibody titers using an in-house ELISA and samples collected 2 months after the boost. These results suggest the potential usefulness of the HI vaccine by the oral route in goats to minimize the interference on diagnostic tests (skin and IGRA tests) and reducing the necessity of defined antigens to replace the traditional purified protein derivatives for diagnosis. Finally, the results pave the way to future efficacy studies in goats using different routes of HI vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Roy
- CZ Veterinaria S.A., Porriño, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Casal
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía de Juan
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed M Menshawy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Alberto Díez-Guerrier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,MAEVA SERVET S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon A Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,MAEVA SERVET S.L., Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buddle BM, Mackintosh CG. Improving the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in farmed deer. Vet Rec 2017; 180:66-67. [PMID: 28108715 DOI: 10.1136/vr.j270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce M Buddle
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; e-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|