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Porta NG, Suarez-Archilla G, Miotti C, Molineri AI, Alvarez I, Trono K, Signorini M, Ruiz V. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine Leukemia virus infection in argentine beef cattle. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:104999. [PMID: 37708828 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, an endemic disease in dairy cattle of Argentina. However, little is known about the seroprevalence of BLV in beef cattle. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study including farms from thirteen provinces of Argentina. A total of 5827 bovine serum samples were collected from 76 farms and analyzed using an in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information about herd management was collected through a questionnaire, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect risk factors associated with BLV infection. Herd-level seroprevalence was 71.05%, while the mean animal-level seroprevalence was 7.23% (median = 2.69%; min = 0, max = 75). Only two provinces had no positive BLV samples. The other eleven provinces showed more than 50% of their farms infected with BLV. The multivariate model revealed that BLV prevalence was significantly associated with the use of animals raised in the same farm for cattle replacement (P = 0.005), breeding cows by natural mating with a bull (P < 0.001), and weaning calves after 6 months of age (P = 0.011). This extensive study revealed that BLV seroprevalence in Argentine beef farms has increased during the last years and allowed identifying some management practices associated with BLV prevalence. These data deserve special attention because BLV infection in beef cattle seems to lead to a dissemination pattern similar to that observed during the last decades in dairy cattle, especially considering that Argentina is the sixth beef producer in the world, with about 5% of global beef production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Suarez-Archilla
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Camila Miotti
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ana Inés Molineri
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Righi C, Iscaro C, Petrini S, Lomolino R, Feliziani F. Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Italy: Epidemiological Issues after Free Status Recognition and Measures Applied to Tackle the Last Persistent Clusters. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111475. [PMID: 34832629 PMCID: PMC8621218 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL), caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV), has been eradicated in over 20 countries, most of which are in Western Europe. The European Commission, in 2017, declared Italy to be an officially EBL-free country by means of Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1910, despite the presence of some infection clusters located in four regions of Central-Southern Italy. As a consequence of persisting infection, the Italian Ministry of Health established specific eradication measures in these areas. In collaboration with the National Reference Laboratory for the Study of Ruminant Retroviral Infectious Diseases, the Ministry of Health employed data from the veterinary information system digital platform, combined with a gap analysis exercise, to monitor and verify the progress of control activities within infection clusters during the period 2018–2021. Our aim was to identify any remaining gaps and, consequently, specific measures to eliminate the factors favouring EBL persistence, on the basis of a description and analysis of the current data regarding epidemiological trends in Italian clusters. The final goal is to achieve the implementation of a less expensive surveillance plan in these areas, as well. The results of comprehensive analysis showed that the eradication activities had been effectively implemented by official local veterinary services, resulting in a drastic reduction of EBL outbreaks in most territories during the period 2018–2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Carmen Iscaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-3433071
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Roberto Lomolino
- Ministero della Salute, Viale Giorgio Ribotta, 5, 00144 Roma, Italy;
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Gaetano Salvemini, 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (S.P.); (F.F.)
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Saito S, Kitamura-Muramatsu Y, Komine F, Polat M, Takeshima SN, Takei M, Aida Y. Absence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in Japanese human blood cell lines and human cancer cell lines. Arch Virol 2019; 165:207-214. [PMID: 31776677 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle worldwide and causes B-cell lymphoma in cattle. BLV has been identified in human breast and lung cancer and in blood, but the association of BLV and human cancer is controversial. In this study, we investigated the existence of BLV in 145 Japanese human blood cell lines and 54 human cancer cell lines, using a new highly sensitive PCR assay that can amplify even one copy of BLV using LTR primers different from those in previous studies on BLV provirus in breast cancer. All samples were found negative for BLV provirus, suggesting that BLV is unlikely to infect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Saito
- RIKEN GENESIS CO., LTD, Life Innovation Center 3F, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuri Kitamura-Muramatsu
- RIKEN GENESIS CO., LTD, Life Innovation Center 3F, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumiko Komine
- RIKEN GENESIS CO., LTD, Life Innovation Center 3F, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama, 352-0017, Japan
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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Ruiz V, Porta NG, Lomónaco M, Trono K, Alvarez I. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Neonatal Calves. Risk Factors and Control Measures. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:267. [PMID: 30410920 PMCID: PMC6209627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Lomónaco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Feliziani F, Martucciello A, Iscaro C, Vecchio D, Petrini S, Grassi C, Bazzucchi M, De Carlo E. Bovine leukemia virus: Experimental infection in buffaloes and evaluation of diagnostic test reliability. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:450-454. [PMID: 28779622 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per lo studio dei retrovirus correlati alle patologie infettive dei ruminanti, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Martucciello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione Diagnostica di Salerno - Centro di Referenza Nazionale sull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, S.S.18 Via delle Calabrie 27, 84131 Fuorni (SA), Italy
| | - Carmen Iscaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per lo studio dei retrovirus correlati alle patologie infettive dei ruminanti, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Vecchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione Diagnostica di Salerno - Centro di Referenza Nazionale sull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, S.S.18 Via delle Calabrie 27, 84131 Fuorni (SA), Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per lo studio dei retrovirus correlati alle patologie infettive dei ruminanti, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Grassi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione Diagnostica di Salerno - Centro di Referenza Nazionale sull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, S.S.18 Via delle Calabrie 27, 84131 Fuorni (SA), Italy
| | - Moira Bazzucchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per lo studio dei retrovirus correlati alle patologie infettive dei ruminanti, via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Sezione Diagnostica di Salerno - Centro di Referenza Nazionale sull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, S.S.18 Via delle Calabrie 27, 84131 Fuorni (SA), Italy
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De Oliveira CHS, Resende CF, Oliveira CMC, Barbosa JD, Fonseca AA, Leite RC, Reis JKP. Absence of Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in buffaloes from Amazon and southeast region in Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2016; 129:9-12. [PMID: 27317318 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leucosis is an infectious disease caused by Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and is well described in bovines. The majority of infected animals are asymptomatic, one to five percent develop lymphoma and from 30 to 50% present a persistent lymphocytosis. The virus occurs naturally in cattle and experimentally in buffaloes, capybaras and rabbits. The occurrence of lymphoma in buffaloes has been attributed to BLV infection by some authors in India and Venezuela, but not confirmed by other studies and little information on natural BLV infection in buffaloes is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of BLV in a sub-sample of buffalo from Amazon and southeast regions in Brazil. Three hundred and fifteen serum samples were negative using commercial AGID and ELISA (ELISA-gp51) which detect anti-BLV glycoprotein gp51 antibodies. The same samples were also evaluated for antibodies to whole virus through a commercial ELISA (ELISA-BLV) in which 77 (24.44%) were found seropositive and two (0.63%) inconclusive. On the other hand, all animals were negative by PCR to BLV targeted to the env and tax genes. These results suggest that ELISA-BLV produces false positive results in buffalo serum (p<0.001). In addition, one buffalo lymphoma sample was negative in both PCR assays used in this study. BLV was not detected in buffaloes from the Amazon basin and the southeast region of Brazil. Serological tests, like ELISA-BLV, usually used for cattle may produce false-positive results for BLV in buffaloes and direct detection tests such as PCR should be chosen in these surveys. The occurrence of lymphoma in buffalo was not associated with BLV infection in the one case analyzed in this work and the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease should be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cairo H S De Oliveira
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia F Resende
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Carlos M C Oliveira
- Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| | - José D Barbosa
- Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Antônio A Fonseca
- Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento-LANAGRO, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo C Leite
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Hospital Veterinário, Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Jenner K P Reis
- Laboratório de Retroviroses, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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