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Ramsauer AS, Kubacki J, Favrot C, Ackermann M, Fraefel C, Tobler K. RNA-seq analysis in equine papillomavirus type 2-positive carcinomas identifies affected pathways and potential cancer markers as well as viral gene expression and splicing events. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:985-998. [PMID: 31084699 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) was discovered only recently, but it is found consistently in the context of genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Since neither cell cultures nor animal models exist, the characterization of this potential disease agent relies on the analysis of patient materials. To analyse the host and viral transcriptome in EcPV2-affected horses, genital tissue samples were collected from horses with EcPV2-positive lesions as well as from healthy EcPV2-negative horses. It was determined by RNA-seq analysis that there were 1957 differentially expressed (DE) host genes between the SCC and control samples. These genes were most abundantly related to DNA replication, cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. By comparison to other cancer studies, MMP1 and IL8 appeared to be potential marker genes for the development of SCCs. Analysis of the viral reads revealed the transcriptional activity of EcPV2 in all SCC samples. While few reads mapped to the structural viral genes, the majority of reads mapped to the non-structural early (E) genes, in particular to E6, E7 and E2/E4. Within these reads a distinct pattern of splicing events, which are essential for the expression of different genes in PV infections, was observed. Additionally, in one sample the integration of EcPV2 DNA into the host genome was detected by DNA-seq and confirmed by PCR. In conclusion, while host MMP1 and IL8 expression and the presence of EcPV2 may be useful markers in genital SCCs, further research on EcPV2-related pathomechanisms may focus on cell cycle-related genes, the viral genes E6, E7 and E2/E4, and integration events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie Ramsauer
- 2 Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Kubacki
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- 2 Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Ackermann
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Tobler
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Stein L, Sledge D, Smedley R, Kiupel M, Thaiwong T. Squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell differentiation in an equine eyelid. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:259-262. [PMID: 30661458 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718824377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-y-old Miniature horse mare had a 6-mo history of an ulcerated mass on the right lower eyelid. An incisional biopsy and a subsequent excisional biopsy were submitted to the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for microscopic evaluation. Histologically, the incisional biopsy was composed of sheets of large neoplastic vacuolated polygonal cells. A few regions contained poorly differentiated neoplastic round-to-basaloid cells that rimmed the sheets of highly vacuolated polygonal cells. Both vacuolated and basaloid cells exhibited strong perimembranous and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for E-cadherin and cytokeratin 5/6, respectively. Vacuolated polygonal cells were histochemically negative for periodic acid-Schiff, mucicarmine, and oil red O, consistent with a diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Within the excisional biopsy specimen, there were anastomosing cords and nests of neoplastic squamous epithelial cells that merged with sheets of similar vacuolated polygonal cells. These findings are consistent with a squamous cell carcinoma with clear cell differentiation. In addition, in the adjacent dermis, there was solar elastosis suggestive of ultraviolet (UV) damage. A clear cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma is a rare entity in humans that previously has not been described in animals, to our knowledge, and is often associated with chronic UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Stein
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.,Department of Pathobiology.,Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Dodd Sledge
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.,Department of Pathobiology.,Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Rebecca Smedley
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.,Department of Pathobiology.,Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.,Department of Pathobiology.,Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Tuddow Thaiwong
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.,Department of Pathobiology.,Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Mineshige T, Ogihara K, Kamiie J, Sugahara G, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Madarame H, Shirota K. Increased expression of the stromal fibroblast-secreted periostin in canine squamous cell carcinomas. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:473-479. [PMID: 29415922 PMCID: PMC5880828 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) shows highly invasive and locally destructive growth. In animal models and human cancer cases, periostin plays a critical role in the enhancement of cancer growth; however, the
mechanism of involvement in canine cancers remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of periostin in the pathophysiology of SCC in dogs. We examined the localization of periostin and
periostin-producing cells in 20 SCC and three squamous papilloma specimens. Furthermore, we focused on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, which was assumed to be an inducing factor of periostin, using culture cells. By
immunohistochemistry, limited periostin expression in the stroma was observed in all squamous papillomas. In SCC, periostin protein diffusely expressed at the tumor invasion front of cancer growth. In
situ hybridization revealed that periostin mRNA was expressed in the stromal fibroblasts in SCC. In vitro analysis determined that canine SCC cells expressed significantly higher levels of
TGF-β1 mRNA compared with canine keratinocytes. In addition, recombinant TGF-β1 induced secretion of periostin from cultured dermal fibroblasts. These data suggest that periostin produced by stromal fibroblasts may be
involved in the pathophysiology of canine SCC. TGF-β1 derived from SCC cells may stimulate fibroblasts to produce periostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Mineshige
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,Present address: Marmoset Research Department, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 3-25-12 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kikumi Ogihara
- Laboratory of Environmental Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Go Sugahara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - James Kenn Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroo Madarame
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kinji Shirota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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